CN111713205B - Lodging-resistant planting method for wood skin - Google Patents
Lodging-resistant planting method for wood skin Download PDFInfo
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- CN111713205B CN111713205B CN202010561328.6A CN202010561328A CN111713205B CN 111713205 B CN111713205 B CN 111713205B CN 202010561328 A CN202010561328 A CN 202010561328A CN 111713205 B CN111713205 B CN 111713205B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lodging-resistant planting method for wood skin, belongs to the technical field of planting, and comprises the following steps: (1) seed cleaning treatment, (2) seed treatment, (3) heat preservation treatment, (4) land preparation treatment, (5) seed sowing treatment, and (6) management after sowing. The method has simple overall process, reasonable matching of all steps and easy popularization and application, and the cultivated plants show strong lodging resistance and weather resistance, thereby obviously enhancing the planting benefit and value of the wood broom.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting, and particularly relates to a lodging-resistant planting method for wood broom.
Background
The Kochia scoparia is a perennial shrub belonging to the genus Kochia of the family Chenopodiaceae. The wooden broom is a wide grassland-desert seed, has wide ecological plasticity on typical grasslands and desert grasslands which are constantly associated with accompanying components and are usually born on sandy, sandy soil or multi-crushed chestnut calcium soil and brown calcium soil of the grasslands and the deserts. The life of the wood skin is about 20 to 30 years, and the wood skin is a superior feeding plant. Sheep, goats and camels prefer food, and in autumn, sheep, goats and camels prefer food.
The wood-broom cypress is a new variety which is widely introduced and cultured and screened from wild wood-broom cypress for more than 10 years, is a small shrub forage grass of Li family, has the characteristics of early spring reversion, vigorous growth in autumn, good retention of stems and leaves in winter, good adaptability, high nutritional value, drought resistance, cold resistance, good palatability and the like, is a main forage grass for grazing and utilizing livestock in desert grassland and desert regions, is a main forage grass for supplementing and feeding livestock in spring and crossing winter, has good performance through intermediate and production tests, and is an ideal grass variety for establishing artificial grasslands or improving natural grasslands. The wild cultivar was determined by the national pasture variety approval committee in 1994. The tree-leaved pith turns green in spring at the beginning of 4 months, flowers in 7 months, seeds mature at the beginning of 10 months, and the bottom of 10 months is withered and yellow, resistant to sand burying, resistant to salt and alkali, but not resistant to long-term soaking, and seeds can be harvested in the same year when the tree-leaved pith is sowed in a suitable area. The wood broom seeds are fine and light, the thousand seed weight is 1.5-2.0g, the sunny and windless weather is suitable for direct seeding in a field, the soil covering is thin, and the influence on seedling emergence caused by the fact that the seeds are blown away or buried due to strong wind is prevented because the soil covering capacity of the seeds is weak.
In the process of growing and planting the wood skin, if severe weather such as strong wind and the like occurs, the phenomenon of plant lodging can be caused, so that the growth, harvesting and the like of the plants are not facilitated; in addition, the problems of low seed emergence rate, poor direct sowing planting effect and the like exist in the planting process of the wood-broom cypress.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lodging-resistant planting method for wood skin.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a lodging-resistant planting method for wood skin comprises the following steps:
(1) seed cleaning treatment:
putting the wood and broom cypress seeds into clear water, cleaning once, and filtering out for later use;
(2) seed treatment:
a. immersing the wood-broom cypress seeds treated in the step (1) into a salt solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10-15 min, and filtering out for later use;
b. b, placing the wood skin seeds treated in the operation a into plasma treatment equipment, performing irradiation treatment for 3-4 min, and taking out for later use;
(3) and (3) heat preservation treatment:
putting the wood skin seeds treated in the step (2) into a constant temperature box for heat preservation treatment, and taking out for later use after 4-6 hours;
(4) land preparation treatment:
selecting soil with mild topography and small gradient, and deep ploughing and harrowing for later use after applying farmyard manure;
(5) sowing seeds:
drilling the wood-broom cypress seeds treated in the step (3) into the soil treated in the step (4), covering a layer of sandy soil, and spraying water to keep the humidity of the surface soil to be 15-20%;
(6) managing after broadcasting:
a. after the wood skin plants grow to 5-8 cm, weeding and removing weeds in the soil regularly;
b. and (3) applying a compound fertilizer to the soil at regular intervals every month, and simultaneously carrying out watering and water supplementing treatment to keep the soil quality moist and not dry.
Further, the temperature of the clean water in the step (1) is 26-28 ℃.
Further, the concentration of the salt solution in the operation a in the step (2) is 200-220 mmol/L of sodium chloride salt solution; the using amount of the sodium chloride salt solution is 10-12 times of the total mass of the wood and broom cypress seeds; and controlling the frequency of the ultrasonic wave to be 400-450 kHz during ultrasonic treatment.
Further, when the wood skin seeds in the operation b in the step (2) are placed into plasma treatment equipment, the tiled thickness of the wood skin seeds is controlled to be not more than 5 mm; during plasma irradiation treatment, the discharge voltage in the plasma treatment equipment is controlled to be 2.2-2.6 kV, the current is 18-24 mA, the frequency is 15-20 kHz, and the gas atmosphere is controlled to be air.
Further, the temperature in the incubator is controlled to be 33-35 ℃ during the heat preservation treatment in the step (3).
Further, the application amount of the farmyard manure in the step (4) is 900-1000 kg per mu; the farmyard manure is cow manure or pig manure.
Further, the row spacing of the sowing is controlled to be 35-40 cm during the strip sowing in the step (5), and the sowing quantity of the wood broom cypress seeds is 1.2-1.4 kg per mu.
Further, the compound fertilizer in the operation b in the step (6) is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, wherein the content of available nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 45%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention optimizes and improves the planting method of the wood skin, wherein particularly, the seeds before sowing are processed, the seeds are soaked in the salt solution, the enzyme activity of the seeds is improved by salt ion stress with proper concentration, the weather resistance of the seeds is improved, and then the seeds are irradiated by plasma, so that the germination and growth characteristics of the seeds are improved and enhanced under the action of the plasma, the activity of various enzymes is improved, the stress effect of the salt solution is cooperated, the germination rate and the growth stability of the seeds are well improved, the plants bred in the later period show very strong lodging resistance and weather resistance, the planting benefit and the value of the wood skin are obviously enhanced, and the wood skin is very competitive in the market.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A lodging-resistant planting method for wood skin comprises the following steps:
(1) seed cleaning treatment:
putting the wood and broom cypress seeds into clear water at the temperature of 26 ℃ for washing once and filtering for later use;
(2) seed treatment:
a. immersing the wood skin seeds treated in the step (1) into a sodium chloride salt solution with the concentration of 200mmol/L, and controlling the using amount of the sodium chloride salt solution to be 10 times of the total mass of the wood skin seeds; performing ultrasonic treatment at 400kHz for 10min, and filtering;
b. b, placing the wood-broom cypress seeds treated in the operation a into plasma treatment equipment, controlling the tiled thickness of the wood-broom cypress seeds not to be larger than 5mm, controlling the discharge voltage in the plasma treatment equipment to be 2.2kV, the current to be 18mA, the frequency to be 15kHz, controlling the gas atmosphere to be air, and taking out the wood-broom cypress seeds for standby after irradiation treatment for 3 min;
(3) and (3) heat preservation treatment:
putting the wood skin seeds treated in the step (2) into a constant temperature box with the temperature of 33 ℃ for heat preservation treatment, and taking out for later use after 4 hours;
(4) land preparation treatment:
selecting soil with mild topography and small gradient, and deep ploughing and harrowing for later use after applying farmyard manure; the application amount of the farmyard manure is 900kg per mu; the farmyard manure is cow manure or pig manure;
(5) sowing seeds:
drilling the cortex magnoliae officinalis seeds treated in the step (3) into the soil treated in the step (4), controlling the row spacing of the seeding to be 35cm and the seeding quantity of the cortex magnoliae officinalis seeds to be 1.2kg per mu, then covering a layer of sandy soil, and spraying water to keep the humidity of the surface soil to be 15-20%;
(6) managing after broadcasting:
a. after the wood skin plants grow to 5-8 cm, weeding and removing weeds in the soil regularly;
b. applying compound fertilizer to the soil at regular intervals every month, and simultaneously carrying out watering and water supplementing treatment to keep the soil texture moist and not dry; the compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, wherein the content of available nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 45 percent.
Example 2
A lodging-resistant planting method for wood skin comprises the following steps:
(1) seed cleaning treatment:
putting the wood and broom cypress seeds into clear water at the temperature of 26 ℃ for washing once and filtering for later use;
(2) seed treatment:
a. immersing the wood skin seeds treated in the step (1) into a sodium chloride salt solution with the concentration of 210mmol/L, and controlling the using amount of the sodium chloride salt solution to be 11 times of the total mass of the wood skin seeds; performing ultrasonic treatment at 400kHz for 10min, and filtering;
b. b, placing the wood-broom cypress seeds treated in the operation a into plasma treatment equipment, controlling the tiled thickness of the wood-broom cypress seeds not to be larger than 5mm, controlling the discharge voltage in the plasma treatment equipment to be 2.2kV, the current to be 18mA, the frequency to be 15kHz, controlling the gas atmosphere to be air, and taking out the wood-broom cypress seeds for standby after irradiation treatment for 3 min;
(3) and (3) heat preservation treatment:
putting the wood skin seeds treated in the step (2) into a constant temperature box with the temperature of 34 ℃ for heat preservation treatment, and taking out for later use after 5 hours;
(4) land preparation treatment:
selecting soil with mild topography and small gradient, and deep ploughing and harrowing for later use after applying farmyard manure; the application amount of the farmyard manure is 900kg per mu; the farmyard manure is cow manure or pig manure;
(5) sowing seeds:
drilling the cortex magnoliae officinalis seeds treated in the step (3) into the soil treated in the step (4), controlling the row spacing of the seeding to be 35cm and the seeding quantity of the cortex magnoliae officinalis seeds to be 1.3kg per mu, then covering a layer of sandy soil, and spraying water to keep the humidity of the surface soil to be 15-20%;
(6) managing after broadcasting:
a. after the wood skin plants grow to 5-8 cm, weeding and removing weeds in the soil regularly;
b. applying compound fertilizer to the soil at regular intervals every month, and simultaneously carrying out watering and water supplementing treatment to keep the soil texture moist and not dry; the compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, wherein the content of available nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 45 percent.
Example 3
A lodging-resistant planting method for wood skin comprises the following steps:
(1) seed cleaning treatment:
putting the wood and broom cypress seeds into clear water at the temperature of 27 ℃ for washing once and filtering for later use;
(2) seed treatment:
a. immersing the wood skin seeds treated in the step (1) into a sodium chloride salt solution with the concentration of 210mmol/L, and controlling the using amount of the sodium chloride salt solution to be 11 times of the total mass of the wood skin seeds; carrying out ultrasonic treatment with frequency of 430kHz for 12min, and filtering out for later use;
b. b, placing the wood-broom cypress seeds treated in the operation a into plasma treatment equipment, controlling the tiled thickness of the wood-broom cypress seeds not to be larger than 5mm, controlling the discharge voltage of the plasma treatment equipment to be 2.4kV, the current to be 22mA, the frequency to be 18kHz, controlling the gas atmosphere to be air, and taking out the wood-broom cypress seeds for standby after irradiation treatment for 3.6 min;
(3) and (3) heat preservation treatment:
putting the wood skin seeds treated in the step (2) into a constant temperature box with the temperature of 34 ℃ for heat preservation treatment, and taking out for later use after 5 hours;
(4) land preparation treatment:
selecting soil with mild topography and small gradient, and deep ploughing and harrowing for later use after applying farmyard manure; the application amount of the farmyard manure is 950kg per mu; the farmyard manure is cow manure or pig manure;
(5) sowing seeds:
drilling the cortex magnoliae officinalis seeds treated in the step (3) into the soil treated in the step (4), controlling the row spacing of the seeding to be 38cm and the seeding quantity of the cortex magnoliae officinalis seeds to be 1.3kg per mu, then covering a layer of sandy soil, and spraying water to keep the humidity of the surface soil to be 15-20%;
(6) managing after broadcasting:
a. after the wood skin plants grow to 5-8 cm, weeding and removing weeds in the soil regularly;
b. applying compound fertilizer to the soil at regular intervals every month, and simultaneously carrying out watering and water supplementing treatment to keep the soil texture moist and not dry; the compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, wherein the content of available nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 45 percent.
Example 4
A lodging-resistant planting method for wood skin comprises the following steps:
(1) seed cleaning treatment:
putting the wood and broom cypress seeds into clear water at the temperature of 28 ℃ for washing once and filtering for later use;
(2) seed treatment:
a. immersing the wood skin seeds treated in the step (1) into a sodium chloride salt solution with the concentration of 220mmol/L, and controlling the using amount of the sodium chloride salt solution to be 12 times of the total mass of the wood skin seeds; performing ultrasonic treatment with frequency of 450kHz for 15min, and filtering out for later use;
b. b, placing the wood-broom cypress seeds treated in the operation a into plasma treatment equipment, controlling the tiled thickness of the wood-broom cypress seeds not to be larger than 5mm, controlling the discharge voltage of the plasma treatment equipment to be 2.6kV, the current to be 24mA, the frequency to be 20kHz, controlling the gas atmosphere to be air, and taking out the wood-broom cypress seeds for standby after irradiation treatment for 4 min;
(3) and (3) heat preservation treatment:
putting the wood skin seeds treated in the step (2) into a constant temperature box with the temperature of 35 ℃ for heat preservation treatment, and taking out for later use after 6 hours;
(4) land preparation treatment:
selecting soil with mild topography and small gradient, and deep ploughing and harrowing for later use after applying farmyard manure; the application amount of the farmyard manure is 1000kg per mu; the farmyard manure is cow manure or pig manure;
(5) sowing seeds:
drilling the wood broom cypress seeds treated in the step (3) into the soil treated in the step (4), controlling the row spacing of the seeding to be 40cm and the seeding quantity of the wood broom cypress seeds to be 1.4kg per mu, then covering a layer of sandy soil, and spraying water to keep the humidity of the surface soil to be 15-20%;
(6) managing after broadcasting:
a. after the wood skin plants grow to 5-8 cm, weeding and removing weeds in the soil regularly;
b. applying compound fertilizer to the soil at regular intervals every month, and simultaneously carrying out watering and water supplementing treatment to keep the soil texture moist and not dry; the compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, wherein the content of available nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 45 percent.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example 1 is different from example 4 only in that, in the seed treatment of step (2), the treatment operation of operation a is omitted except that the other method steps are the same.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example 2 is different from example 4 only in that, in the seed treatment of step (2), the treatment operation of operation b is omitted except that the other method steps are the same.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example 3 is different from example 4 only in that the whole operation of seed treatment of step (2) is omitted except that the steps of the method are the same.
In order to compare the effects of the invention, the method corresponding to the above example 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 is used for planting the wood skin, and then the state and index of the wood skin during the growth period are detected and recorded, and the specific comparative data are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
Note: the emergence rate mentioned in table 1 above means the emergence rate after the seeds are sown; the lodging rate refers to the ratio of the average lodging phenomenon of plants in the whole plant in the weather of strong wind and the like in the planting process; the plant height was measured as the average height of an annual plant of wood skin.
As can be seen from the above table 1, the wood skin planted by the method of the present invention has significant improvements in both emergence rate and lodging resistance.
In order to further explore and compare the effects of the invention, the quality test of the annual wood Kochia scoparia bred by the methods corresponding to the above example 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 is specifically as follows: each group selected 10 corresponding annual unballasted plants, then cut 10cm long from 5cm from the root upwards, and then measured the average lignin content, Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL) activity and 4-coumaric acid: the CoA ligase (4CL) activity, the specific comparative data are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2
Note: the average lignin content test method described in Table 2 above hasThe body is as follows: accurately weighing 0.5g of stem sample, putting the stem sample into a mortar, adding 95% ethanol, grinding until homogenate is obtained, transferring the stem sample into a centrifuge tube, and centrifuging for 5min at 2600 rpm; the precipitate was washed 2 times with 95% ethanol and finally with ethanol: n-hexane ═ 1: 2(v/v) washes; naturally drying the precipitate, adding 25% bromoacetyl glacial acetic acid solution to dissolve the precipitate, adding plug, keeping in 70 deg.C water bath for 30min, and adding 0.9mL NaOH (2mol L)-1) 5mL of glacial acetic acid and 0.1mL of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (7.5mol L)-1) Finally, the volume is adjusted to 15mL by using glacial acetic acid. The same reaction was carried out with distilled water instead of the substrate as a control, and the lignin content was expressed by measuring the absorbance at 280nm of the supernatant (ODg)-1FW)；
The test method of the PAL activity specifically comprises the following steps: accurately weigh 0.5g of the stem sample into a mortar and add 6mL of sodium borate-boric acid buffer (0.05mol L)-1pH8.8, containing 5mmol L-1Mercaptoethanol, 1mol L-1EDTA and a little PVP) are ground in an ice bath until homogenate is obtained, the homogenate is transferred into a 10mL centrifuge tube and is centrifuged for 15min at 10000rpm at 4 ℃, and the supernatant is the enzyme extracting solution. Collecting extractive solution 0.2mL, adding into 1mL solution 0.1mol L-1L-phenylalanine (0.1 molL) prepared from sodium borate buffer solution-1) Mixing with 2.8mL of distilled water, shaking, reacting in 37 deg.C water bath for 30min, immediately placing into boiling water to terminate the reaction, measuring absorbance at 290nm, and performing the same reaction with 1mL of distilled water instead of substrate as control. At a per hour290Variation 0.01 is one enzyme activity unit (Umg)-1FW)；
The test method of the 4CL activity specifically comprises the following steps: accurately weighing 0.5g of stem sample, placing in a mortar, adding a little PVP and quartz sand, and taking 10mL of 0.05mol L-1Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.8, containing 0.014mol L-1Mercaptoethanol and 30% glycerol), adding a small amount of buffer solution and materials, grinding in an ice bath to obtain homogenate, transferring the rest buffer solution and the materials which are ground into the homogenate into a centrifuge tube, and centrifuging at 10000rpm for 15min at 4 ℃ to obtain supernatant which is the enzyme extracting solution. 0.4mL of the extract was added to the reaction mixture (5. mu. mol mL of coumaric acid)-1,ATP50μmol mL-1,CoA-SH1μmol mL-1,MgSO4·7H2O 15μmol mL-1)3mL, after mixing well inReacting in 40 deg.C constant temperature water bath for 10min, measuring absorbance at 333nm, performing the same reaction with 1mL distilled water instead of substrate as control, and performing A every hour333The change is 0.01 is an enzyme activity (U mg)-1FW)。
As can be seen from the above table 2, the lignin content, PAL activity and 4CL activity in the stem of Kochia scoparia cultivated by the method of the present invention are significantly improved compared with the comparative example 3 similar to the traditional method, and the content and activity of the above components have close positive correlation with the lodging resistance of the plant, which also proves that the plant cultivated by the method of the embodiment 4 of the present invention in the table 1 has strong lodging resistance. Therefore, the method can effectively improve the lodging resistance of the wood skin, and has great popularization value and market competitiveness.
Claims (6)
1. The lodging-resistant planting method for the wood skin is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) seed cleaning treatment: putting the wood and broom cypress seeds into clear water, cleaning once, and filtering out for later use;
(2) seed treatment: a. immersing the wood-broom cypress seeds treated in the step (1) into a salt solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10-15 min, and filtering out for later use; b. b, placing the wood skin seeds treated in the operation a into plasma treatment equipment, performing irradiation treatment for 3-4 min, and taking out for later use; the concentration of the salt solution is 200-220 mmol/L sodium chloride salt solution; the using amount of the sodium chloride salt solution is 10-12 times of the total mass of the wood and broom cypress seeds; controlling the frequency of ultrasonic waves to be 400-450 kHz during ultrasonic treatment; when the wood skin seeds are placed into plasma treatment equipment, the tiled thickness of the wood skin seeds is controlled to be not more than 5 mm; during the plasma irradiation treatment, the discharge voltage in the plasma treatment equipment is controlled to be 2.2-2.6 kV, the current is 18-24 mA, the frequency is 15-20 kHz, and the gas atmosphere is controlled to be air;
(3) and (3) heat preservation treatment: putting the wood skin seeds treated in the step (2) into a constant temperature box for heat preservation treatment, and taking out for later use after 4-6 hours;
(4) land preparation treatment: selecting soil with mild topography and small gradient, and deep ploughing and harrowing for later use after applying farmyard manure;
(5) sowing seeds: drilling the wood-broom cypress seeds treated in the step (3) into the soil treated in the step (4), covering a layer of sandy soil, and spraying water to keep the humidity of the surface soil to be 15-20%;
(6) managing after broadcasting: a. after the wood skin plants grow to 5-8 cm, weeding and removing weeds in the soil regularly; b. and (3) applying a compound fertilizer to the soil at regular intervals every month, and simultaneously carrying out watering and water supplementing treatment to keep the soil quality moist and not dry.
2. The lodging-resistant planting method for the wooden broom according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the clear water in the step (1) is 26-28 ℃.
3. The lodging-resistant planting method for the wood skin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature in the incubator is controlled to be 33-35 ℃ during the heat preservation treatment in the step (3).
4. The lodging-resistant planting method for the wood-broom cypress according to claim 1, wherein the application amount of the farmyard manure in the step (4) is 900-1000 kg per mu; the farmyard manure is cow manure or pig manure.
5. The lodging-resistant planting method for the kochia scoparia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the row spacing of the controlled seeding in the step (5) is 35-40 cm, and the seeding amount of the kochia scoparia seeds is 1.2-1.4 kg per mu.
6. The lodging-resistant planting method for the wood skin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizer in the operation b of the step (6) is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, wherein the content of available nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 45%.
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