CN109302953A - A kind of mao bamboo woods covering forcing culture method - Google Patents
A kind of mao bamboo woods covering forcing culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109302953A CN109302953A CN201811390136.2A CN201811390136A CN109302953A CN 109302953 A CN109302953 A CN 109302953A CN 201811390136 A CN201811390136 A CN 201811390136A CN 109302953 A CN109302953 A CN 109302953A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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Abstract
A kind of mao bamboo woods covering forcing culture method, belongs to field of plant growing technology.It selects, cover including forest land, removing forest land after rice chaff and cultivate the management for covering, covering bamboo grove: it is characterized by: November of the cover time for mao bamboo woods off year, it covers preceding forest land and cultivates and cover 20cm depth, then forest land is sprinkled profoundly water, straw was equably covered on forest land surface after 1 day by interval, and pig manure is then poured above straw；It is sprinkled profoundly water after one layer of straw of uniform fold above pig manure layer again；Then cladding thickness is the rice chaff of 10cm again on straw.This method is easy to operate, easy to spread, can more generally cover mao bamboo woods and go out bamboo shoot 30 days or so ahead of time, bamboo grove Shooting stage is not covered has done sth. in advance 3 months or so, and be smoothly to provide bamboo shoots to market, mao bamboo woods bamboo shoot output and economic benefit can be significantly improved, while being conducive to the maintenance of soil fertility.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, and in particular to a kind of bamboo grove covering forcing culture method.
Background technique
Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) it is excellent usage for both bamboo shoot and bamboo bamboo kind, currently, due to by domestic and international city
The influence of field, bamboo wood economic benefit are lower；And bamboo shoots are always the important Vegetable Resources of the ground resident such as Jiangsu-zhejiang Shanghai Area, are had very long
Happened using history and food custom, especially moso bamboo winter bamboo shoot Shooting stage be China traditional festival New Year's Day and the Spring Festival, bamboo at this time
Supply falls short of demand for bamboo shoot, holds at high price, and usually averagely per kilogram price is more than 20 yuan.But number of emerging shoots is seldom at this time；Spring bamboo
Mid-March to the late April that Shooting stage is generally moso bamboo good year largely concentrates listing, and usual per kilogram price is put down in 0.6-2 member
Equal price is lower than 1 yuan/kilogram, and price is low, deficiency in economic performance.
In order to obtain better economic benefit, the correlative study and trial of forcing culture have been carried out in domestic more ground.Such as: existing
There is technology 1: answering leaf blueness etc., " Phyllostachys pubescens shoot forest covers forcing culture technology ", forestry science and technology exploitation, volume 2009,23 the (the 3rd
Phase)；The prior art 2: Xiao Jianghua, Chinese bamboo management, " Chinese bamboo management ", 2010；Prior art 3: Cao Xianlei etc.,
Economic and Efficiency Analysis of the bamboo shoot with mao bamboo woods " spring bamboo early goes out " covering Management Technology, Problems of Forestry Economics .2014, volume 34 the (the 2nd
Phase).These bamboo grove soverlay techniques, cover time are usually or so mid-November, are covered using materials such as the leaf of bamboo and rice chaffs,
Mid-December earth's surface and covering between temperature reach 14 DEG C or so, generally to arrive or so mid-January, surface temperature just reaches
20 DEG C or so, it can just induce the sprouting of bamboo shoot bud.Even if in this way, bamboo shoot output is not able to satisfy the market demand, and economic benefit still
There are also a certain distance, especially traditional soverlay technique uses chemical fertilizer, is unfavorable for Shoot Qualities desired value from bamboo grower,
And it is unfavorable for the maintenance of Soils In The Stands of Ph. Pubescens fertility.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above problem of the existing technology, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of mao bamboo woods to cover forcing culture side
Method promotes the mao bamboo woods spring bamboo winter to go out, sends out bamboo shoot ahead of time by using rice straw mulching in conjunction with measures such as the uses of organic fertilizer pig manure
Time improves bamboo shoot output, increases economic efficiency, while being conducive to the maintenance of soil fertility and the Sustainable Operation of mao bamboo woods.
In order to reach the goals above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of mao bamboo woods covering forcing culture method, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
1) forest land selects: selection soil depth is greater than the red-yellow soil of 80cm, and soil stone grain content is few, the gradient≤20 degree, and it is equal to stand bamboo
Even, Standing bamboo density is 110-150 plants/acre, and no disease and pests harm, well-grown moso bamboo grows into forest；
2) cover: the cover time is the November in mao bamboo woods off year, covers preceding forest land and cultivates and cover 20cm depth, then irrigates forest land
Straw is equably covered on forest land surface after 1 day, pig manure is then poured above straw by water, interval；Again above pig manure layer
One layer of straw of even covering, sprinkles profoundly water；Then the rice chaff that cladding thickness is 10cm above the straw after watering, it is hereafter no longer artificial
Watering.Preferably, straw dosage is preferably 15 tons of per hectare, point two layers of covering, in which: be close to the straw dosage on forest land surface
It is 7.5 tons of per hectare；Straw dosage above pig manure layer is 7.5 tons of per hectare；The dosage of pig manure is 30 tons of per hectare, by volume
Than pig manure: water=2:1 is poured onto after mixing above straw；After having poured pig manure, mulching straw again after need to being spaced 3-4 days；
3) forest land is cultivated and covered after removing rice chaff: after covering, May in the coming year removes rice chaff outside bamboo grove after mao bamboo woods go out bamboo shoot
It stacks, and forest land is cultivated and is covered once, cultivate and cover depth for 20 cm；
4) cover the management of bamboo grove: the bamboo shoot later period stays feeding Hsinchu out, and keeping bamboo grove to found bamboo degree is 80-100 plants/acre；Continuous covering 2 years
Bamboo grove stops covering and be modified afterwards.Preferably, the rest and reorganization time limit is preferably 4 years (i.e. two degrees), can continue to cover after 4 years.
A kind of above-mentioned mao bamboo woods cover forcing culture method, have the following beneficial effects: that this method is easy to operate, are easy to
It promotes, mao bamboo woods bamboo shoot output and economic benefit can be significantly improved.After covering 30 days, temperature between covering and earth's surface can be with
Reach 230C or so has done sth. in advance bamboo shoot bud sprout time significantly, can more generally cover mao bamboo woods and go out bamboo shoot 30 days or so ahead of time, compared with
Bamboo grove spring bamboo Shooting stage is not covered and has done sth. in advance 3 months or so, and is smoothly to provide bamboo shoots to market, without such to spring bamboo
Short time, which concentrates, provides bamboo shoots to market in large quantities, and Shooting stage extends with the bamboo shoot phase ahead of time, and this patent method covers the pure economy of bamboo grove
Benefit is 4.37 times high compared with generally covering bamboo grove, compared with 40.23 times high, the remarkable in economical benefits that do not cover bamboo grove.Moreover, continuously covering 2
Year Bamboo Soil organic carbon content does not cover Bamboo Soil content of organic matter 0-10cm, 10-20cm soil layer and increases separately
35.1%, 90.8%, be conducive to the maintenance of soil fertility.
Specific embodiment
Now in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, invention is further described in detail.
Influence of the 1 mao bamboo woods ground mulching time limit difference of embodiment to soil organic matter, bamboo shoot output and economic benefit
1.1 research area's overviews
Research area is located at the flat Tian Xiang in City of Taizhou Huangyan District (120.28 ° of -121.93 ° of E, 28.02 ° of -29.33 ° of N).The ground
Area belongs to middle subtropical zone monsoon region, makes a clear distinction between the four seasons.It is adjusted by ocean water body and retardance of the northwest high mountain to cold current, domestic summer is few cruel
Heat, winter, heat was abundant without severe cold, with heavy rainfall, had a moderate climate wet.17 DEG C of year-round average temperature, year sunshine time 1800-
2037 h, 1632 mm of annual precipitation.Studying area is typical low mountain, hills landforms, and soil types is development in quartz, feldspar
Subacidity red-yellow soil on sandstone, zonal vegetation are subtropical evergreen, Deciduous Broad Leaved Mixed Forest.
1.2 materials and method
1.2.1 it arranges to sample and is acquired with soil sample
Experimental field before with rice straw mulching, mao bamboo woods are well-grown bamboo shoot, the dual-purpose woods of bamboo grows into forest, Standing bamboo density 110-150
Plant/acre, without obvious pest and disease damage, management is extensive, and 1 understory shrub and weeds are every two years removed, does not cultivate to cover and also not apply fertilizer, soil
Layer depth is greater than 80 cm, and in November, 2013, for 10 m × 10m sample 15 pieces of setting area in mao bamboo woods, 3 are handled, often
A processing with setting 5 pieces of samples, is adjoined to all samples, and under same Climatic, to guarantee the conditions such as landform, soil substantially one
It causes, is comparable, isolation strip is arranged between ground in sample.Wherein: processing one: covering turns over (in November, 2013 and 2014 11 in 2 years
It is carried out continuously the moon and covers twice)；Processing two: covering turns over (in November, 2014 covering) in 1 year；Processing 3: control (it does not cover, it is natural
Growth)；Rice straw mulching operating process is as follows: covering preceding forest land and cultivates and cover 20cm depth, sprinkles profoundly water, interval is one layer of uniform fold after 1 day
(straw dosage is 7.5t.ha to straw-1), uniform fold earth's surface, pig manure is then poured above straw, and (pig manure dosage is 30t.ha-1, need to pour again after being mixed with water in pig manure.Pig manure: the volume proportion of water is controlled in 2:1 or so).Interval is after 3-4 days, in pig
(straw dosage is 7.5t.ha to one layer of straw of uniform fold again above excrement layer-1), it sprinkles profoundly water；Then above the straw after watering
Cladding thickness is the rice chaff of 10cm, hereafter no longer artificial watering.After covering, May in the coming year will after mao bamboo woods go out bamboo shoot
Rice chaff removes to be stacked outside bamboo grove, and forest land is cultivated and is covered once, is cultivated and is covered depth for 20 cm.After above-mentioned mao bamboo woods go out bamboo shoot, record daily
Bamboo shoot output in sample ground, sales price, until Shooting stage terminates.
In September, 2015, in the above-mentioned each sample ground set up, using serpentine distribution method, in laying 5 in each sample ground
It is a, after removing litter, with earth boring auger point 0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-30cm, 30-40cm, 40-of 5 cm internal diameters
5 levels of 50cm acquire pedotheques, and every 1 level sample mixes well and remove visible root system of plant in soil, residuum and broken
Take back laboratory after stone, after natural air drying, the measurement for soil organic carbon.
1.2.2 soil analysis
Soil total organic carbon (TOC) analysis uses potassium bichromate Outside Heating Method (State Administration of Forestry, 1999).
1.2.3 data statistic analysis
Data in processing text are analyzed using Excel2007 and SPSS19.0 software, are compared using the method for one-way analysis of variance
The significance of difference of difference covering time limit Soils In The Stands of Ph. Pubescens organic carbon
1.3 results and analysis
1.3.1 the influence to bamboo stand soil total content of organic carbon is covered
As it can be seen from table 1 compared with the control, covering turn over and cover within 1 year turn within 2 years processing soil total content of organic carbon it is bright
Aobvious to increase, each soil layer soil total content of organic carbon is with being above control sample.Covering turns over 0-10 cm of processing, 10-20 in 1 year
Cm, 20-30 cm, 30-40 cm, 40-50 cm soil layer soil totals content of organic carbon compared with control sample have increased separately 29.8%,
76.9%, 11.2%, 13.2% and 18.7%, 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-40 of processing are turned in covering for 2 years
Cm, 40-50 cm soil layer soil totals content of organic carbon compared with control sample have increased separately 35.1%, 90.8%, 23.8%, 22.2% and
28.6%.The soil that the content that each soil layer of soil total organic carbon of processing is turned in covering for 2 years is all turned under processing for 1 year than covering is total
Organic carbon content is high.Therefore, when covering is managed, the time that the spring bamboo winter goes out ahead of time is not exclusively advantageous for using organic fertilizer, moreover,
It can be in favor of the maintenance of Bamboo Soil fertility.
1.3.2 the influence to bamboo shoots Shooting stage, bamboo shoot output and bamboo grove economic benefit is managed in covering
Relatively general covering operation is managed in this research covering, and (general covering uses the leaf of bamboo or rice straw mulching bamboo grove earth's surface, thickness 15cm
Left and right, and watered with water, upper layer is covered with cavings, thickness 15cm or so, keeps drying, and this method goes out the bamboo shoot time for January 10
Left and right, (according to the such as leaf blueness are answered, " Phyllostachys pubescens shoot forest covers forcing culture to bamboo shoot output data to 1875 kilogram/hectare of bamboo shoot output
Technology " [J] forestry science and technology develops 2009, (3): economic benefit and bamboo shoot unit price calculate in page 112, it may be assumed that 45000 yuan/public
Hectare 24 yuan/kg=1875kg/ hectares of ÷), Shooting stage does sth. in advance 30 days or so, does not cover bamboo grove spring bamboo Shooting stage and has done sth. in advance 3 months
Left and right, and be smoothly to provide bamboo shoots to market, bamboo shoots are provided to market in large quantities without concentrating to spring bamboo such short time,
Shooting stage extends with the bamboo shoot phase ahead of time, conducive to the raising of bamboo grove economic benefit.Since the thickness that increased surface covering is managed in covering is conducive to
Bamboo shoot bud expands, and therefore, bamboo shoot output does not cover bamboo grove yet and wants high.Amid all these factors, this research covering bamboo grove is pure flat
Economic benefit is 4.37 times high compared with generally covering bamboo grove, compared with 40.23 times high, the remarkable in economical benefits that do not cover bamboo grove.
1.3.3 the difference of different covering Operation Measures surface temperatures
The study show that is, 10 days or so December, bamboo grove earth's surface (covering underlying surface) temperature have reached after covering 30 days
23.00C or so starts that bamboo shoot bud is induced to sprout, and bamboo grove begins to out bamboo shoot, and bamboo grove earth's surface (covering is managed in general covering at this time
Underlying surface) temperature just reaches 140C or so temperature not can induce the sprouting of bamboo shoot bud still, until 10 days or so January, temperature just reaches
200C or so just induces bamboo shoot bud to sprout, and therefore, this research covering is managed can be than generally covering 30 days ahead of time realization spring bamboo winters
Out.
1.3.4 covering bamboo grove Emergence rhythm of bamboo shoots
It is turned over the study find that covering is turned over and covered 2 years for 1 year, after averagely covering 30 days, i.e. December 10 starts bamboo shoot (bamboo shoot out
Yield is 4719 kilograms/hectare), bamboo shoot peak period is on January 28-2 months on the 10th (Shoot yield is 18426 kilograms/hectare) out, and bamboo shoot are last out
Phase, the bamboo shoot phase was up to 111 days 1-March 31 March (Shoot yield 3254 is kilogram/hectare).
Claims (5)
1. a kind of mao bamboo woods cover forcing culture method, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
1) forest land selects: selection soil depth is greater than the red-yellow soil of 80cm, and soil stone grain content is few, the gradient≤20 degree, and it is equal to stand bamboo
Even, Standing bamboo density is 110-150 plants/acre, and no disease and pests harm, well-grown moso bamboo grows into forest；
2) cover: the cover time is the November in mao bamboo woods off year, covers preceding forest land and cultivates and cover 20cm depth, then irrigates forest land
Straw is equably covered on forest land surface after 1 day, pig manure is then poured above straw by water, interval；Again above pig manure layer
One layer of straw of even covering, sprinkles profoundly water；Then the rice chaff that cladding thickness is 10cm above the straw after watering, it is hereafter no longer artificial
Watering；
3) forest land is cultivated and covered after removing rice chaff: after covering, May in the coming year removes rice chaff outside bamboo grove after mao bamboo woods go out bamboo shoot
It stacks, and forest land is cultivated and is covered once, cultivate and cover depth for 20 cm；
4) cover the management of bamboo grove: the bamboo shoot later period stays feeding Hsinchu out, and keeping bamboo grove to found bamboo degree is 80-100 plants/acre；Continuous covering 2 years
Bamboo grove stops covering and be modified afterwards.
2. a kind of mao bamboo woods according to claim 1 cover forcing culture method, it is characterised in that described in step 2
Straw dosage is 15 tons of per hectare, point two layers of covering, in which: the straw dosage for being close to forest land surface is 7.5 tons of per hectare；Pig manure
The straw dosage of layer top is 7.5 tons of per hectare.
3. a kind of mao bamboo woods according to claim 1 cover forcing culture method, it is characterised in that in step 2) pig manure
Dosage is 30 tons of per hectare, by volume pig manure: water=2:1 is poured onto after mixing above straw.
4. a kind of mao bamboo woods according to claim 1 cover forcing culture method, it is characterised in that in step 2) it is pouring
After pig manure, mulching straw again after need to being spaced 3-4 days.
5. a kind of mao bamboo woods according to claim 1 cover forcing culture method, it is characterised in that in step 4) it rests and reorganizes year
It is limited to 4 years.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112314353A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-02-05 | 金寨毛林生态农业发展有限公司 | Cultivation method of first-grade winter bamboo shoots |
| CN112913593A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-08 | 南京林业大学 | Method for prolonging bamboo shoot producing period of square bamboo forest |
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| CN102907232A (en) * | 2012-11-05 | 2013-02-06 | 安徽和合生态农业股份有限公司 | Technique for cultivating spring bamboo shoots in winter in southern Anhui area |
| CN104106369A (en) * | 2014-08-07 | 2014-10-22 | 桐庐县林业技术推广中心站 | Cultivation method capable of improving quality of long-section bamboo shoots |
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| CN104509361A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-15 | 湖北旺膳生态科技有限公司 | Planting method for increasing breeding yield of bamboo shoots seedlings |
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2018
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| CN102907232A (en) * | 2012-11-05 | 2013-02-06 | 安徽和合生态农业股份有限公司 | Technique for cultivating spring bamboo shoots in winter in southern Anhui area |
| CN104106369A (en) * | 2014-08-07 | 2014-10-22 | 桐庐县林业技术推广中心站 | Cultivation method capable of improving quality of long-section bamboo shoots |
| CN104396475A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-03-11 | 浙江农林大学 | Method for improving bamboo forest phytolith-occluded carbon |
| CN104509361A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-15 | 湖北旺膳生态科技有限公司 | Planting method for increasing breeding yield of bamboo shoots seedlings |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112314353A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-02-05 | 金寨毛林生态农业发展有限公司 | Cultivation method of first-grade winter bamboo shoots |
| CN112913593A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-08 | 南京林业大学 | Method for prolonging bamboo shoot producing period of square bamboo forest |
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Application publication date: 20190205 |