CN111699926A - Fungus bottle body for inoculating pleurotus eryngii with liquid seeds and comprehensive fungus bottle culture method - Google Patents
Fungus bottle body for inoculating pleurotus eryngii with liquid seeds and comprehensive fungus bottle culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111699926A CN111699926A CN202010638476.3A CN202010638476A CN111699926A CN 111699926 A CN111699926 A CN 111699926A CN 202010638476 A CN202010638476 A CN 202010638476A CN 111699926 A CN111699926 A CN 111699926A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
- A01G18/64—Cultivation containers; Lids therefor
- A01G18/68—Cultivation bottles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
Abstract
A fungus bottle body for inoculating pleurotus eryngii with liquid seeds and a fungus bottle comprehensive culture method, wherein a waist is arranged in the middle of the fungus bottle body; the comprehensive culture method of the fungus bottles comprises the steps of fungus bottle arrangement and use condition control, fungus bottle refrigeration, culture room ventilation, culture room cleaning and fungus bottle culture parameter regulation and control; the bottle body arrangement and use condition control steps are as follows: the method comprises the following steps of bottle body shape and specification design, placement mode selection of the fungus bottles on a tray, storage capacity selection of the fungus bottles in a culture room, layout mode selection of the fungus bottles in the culture room, heat dissipation mode selection of the fungus bottles, control measure selection of fungus bottle infected mould and streptomyces, remedial measure selection after the fungus bottles are heated to exceed the standard, and sequential selection of the fungus bottles entering and exiting the culture room. The invention systematically manages the aspects of heat dissipation, refrigeration, ventilation and cleanness and the aspects of culture condition regulation of the fungus bottles respectively, and cultures healthy, low-pollution and consistent-growth mycelia.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to pleurotus eryngii cultivation equipment and a cultivation method, in particular to a fungus bottle body for inoculating pleurotus eryngii with liquid seeds and a fungus bottle comprehensive cultivation method.
Background
With the vigorous development of the edible fungus industry, the production and cultivation method is increased from the original manual and semi-automatic to the automatic intelligent stage, and the uninterrupted industrial production is carried out all the year round. In the process, the development of pleurotus eryngii cultivation is the most typical representative in the process, the time is as short as about twenty years, the yield scale is expanded by hundreds of times, more than 90 percent of the yield is contributed by bag cultivation pleurotus eryngii, and the contribution rate of bottle cultivation pleurotus eryngii only accounts for about 7 percent. However, the bottle-cultivated pleurotus eryngii has the advantages that: good quality, beautiful shape, long storage period and the like, and is the future development direction of the pleurotus eryngii. However, the existing liquid inoculation bacteria bottle culture technology for bottle-cultured pleurotus eryngii is not mature, the requirements of the bottle-cultured pleurotus eryngii on the conditions of the culture stage are strict, and the bacteria bottle culture accounts for about 20 percent of the whole factors causing the increase of the infection rate. The reason for this is as follows: firstly, the nutritive value of a culture medium used for bottle cultivation of pleurotus eryngii is obviously higher than that of bag cultivation of pleurotus eryngii and other edible fungi; secondly, the bottle mouth of the bottle-cultivated pleurotus eryngii fungus bottle is large, the filtering sponge sheet is thin, the middle part of the culture material is provided with a large hole, the regulation and control of culture parameters of the culture room are slightly improper, and the gas inside and outside the bottle is easy to generate violent exchange, so that the culture medium inside the bottle is polluted; thirdly, the liquid strains have high humidity and are easy to infect mixed bacteria; fourthly, the fungus bottle used for bottle cultivation of pleurotus eryngii has the advantages of large bottle body thickness, fast spawn running of liquid spawn, concentrated generated heat and difficult dissipation to cause 'fungus burning', which is very unfavorable for later-stage mushroom cultivation growth.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects in the prior art and provide a fungus bottle which is favorable for cultivating strong, low-pollution and consistent-growth mycelium of pleurotus eryngii and inoculating liquid seeds.
The invention further aims to solve the technical problem of providing a comprehensive culture method of a fungus bottle for culturing pleurotus eryngii liquid strains which can culture strong, low-pollution and consistent-growth mycelia.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the middle part of a fungus bottle body of the fungus bottle is provided with a waist; when a plurality of fungus bottles are placed side by side, a gap is reserved between the fungus bottles, and heat generated by growth of hyphae in the bottles can be timely dissipated.
Further, the volume of the bottle body is 800ml to 1400ml, preferably 1100 ml.
Further, the bottom of the bottle body is provided with a groove. The bottom of the bottle body is provided with a groove, which is beneficial to further improving the heat dissipation performance of the bottle body.
Further, the height of the bottle body is 160-200mm, preferably 180mm, the diameter of the bottle opening is 65-75 mm, preferably 70mm, the diameter of the bottle bottom is 90-100mm, preferably 95mm, and the diameter of the waist part in the middle of the bottle body is 85-95mm, preferably 90 mm; the height refers to the height from the bottom of the space in the bottle to the bottle opening, and the diameter refers to the inner diameter; the designed shape, volume and mouth of the bottle body are favorable for heat dissipation in the hypha culture stage; the strain bottle with the volume within the range is used, and the conversion rate and the culture safety coefficient are highest; the bottle mouth can reduce infection. The size of the bottle mouth of the pleurotus eryngii is in direct proportion to the air sucked back, the larger the bottle mouth is, the more the air sucked back out of the bottle is, the air outside the bottle is not sterile and contains infectious microbe spores, and the more the air is sucked, the higher the ratio of the air to the contaminated bottle of the fungus bottle during the culture period is; however, the bottle mouth can not be too small, which is not favorable for the respiratory exchange of hyphae in the inoculation and culture processes.
The technical scheme adopted for further solving the technical problems is as follows: the comprehensive culture method of the pleurotus eryngii liquid inoculation fungus bottle comprises the steps of fungus bottle arrangement and use condition control, fungus bottle refrigeration, culture room ventilation and air exchange, culture room cleaning and fungus bottle culture parameter regulation and control; the step of controlling the arrangement and the use conditions of the bacteria bottles comprises the following steps: selecting a placing mode of the fungus bottles on the tray, selecting the storage capacity of the fungus bottles in the culture room, selecting a layout mode of the fungus bottles in the culture room, selecting a heat dissipation mode of the fungus bottles, selecting control measures of fungus bottle infected mould and streptomyces, selecting remedial measures after the heat of the fungus bottles exceeds the standard, and selecting the order of the fungus bottles entering and exiting the culture room; the method comprises the steps of adjusting and controlling the culture parameters of the fungus bottles in the initial stage of entering a culture room, adjusting and controlling the parameters of the initial stage of the fungus bottle culture, adjusting and controlling the parameters of the early stage of the fungus bottle culture, adjusting and controlling the parameters of the peak stage of the fungus bottle heating, adjusting and controlling the parameters of the later stage of the fungus bottle heating and adjusting and controlling the parameters of the hypha later stage.
Further, the selection of the placing mode of the bacteria bottles on the tray means that the bacteria bottles are placed in the bacteria bottle baskets, and the number of the bacteria bottles placed in each bacteria bottle basket is 10-20, preferably 16; the fungus bottle baskets are placed on the trays, 8-10 layers, preferably 8 layers, of fungus bottle baskets are placed on each tray, and 4 fungus bottle baskets are placed on each layer; the distance between adjacent fungus bottle baskets is 10cm-20 cm; can be uniformly placed by an inoculation offline machine; so placed, the biological heat generated by the growth of hyphae can be led out of the fungus bottle and the basket quickly, and CO is discharged2The gas can be quickly discharged out of the fungus bottle and the basket.
Further, the selection of the storage capacity of the bacteria bottle in the culture room comprises the following steps: the number of the fungus bottles placed per square meter is 380-420, preferably 400; the area of each culture room is preferably 500-700m2More preferably 550 to 650m2More preferably 600m2The ground is preferably rectangular; the layout mode of the fungus bottles in the culture room is selected as follows: the trays are placed in a stacking way, every two trays are in a group, and the distance between the left and right adjacent trays is8-12cm, preferably 10cm, and the distance between the two adjacent groups of trays is 15-25cm, preferably 20 cm; an inspection and sprinkling channel is arranged between the front and the back adjacent groups of trays, and the width of the inspection and sprinkling channel is 45-55cm, preferably 50 cm; the heat dissipation mode of the fungus bottle is selected as follows: the internal circulating air is set and regulated through the air cabinet and refrigeration, so that the temperature inside the culture room is uniformly distributed; an inspection and sprinkling channel is designed between the tray groups, so that heat generated in the fungus bottles is timely dispersed; the refrigerating unit is configured to control the temperature in the culture room within an optimal range in a short time.
Furthermore, the control measure selection of the fungus bottle infected with the mold and the neurospora is to spray a disinfectant without peculiar smell under the condition that the fungus bottle in the culture room is infected with more mold; reduce the humidity of the culture room and improve the CO of the culture room2Concentration; the internal circulation of air is reduced; for a fungus bottle basket or a fungus bottle with the occurrence of the neurospora, the neurospora is coated with diesel oil, and the neurospora is wrapped by a clean plastic bag or a plastic film to prevent the diffusion of the mildew; the remedial measure selection after the heating of the fungus bottle exceeds the standard refers to that the temperature of the culture room and the fungus bottle is raised to exceed the standard within a short time due to sudden power failure or refrigeration fault in the culture process, the door of the culture room is opened in time, ventilation is enhanced, and the ground in the room is sprayed with water for cooling.
Furthermore, a first-in first-out method is selected in the sequence of the fungus bottles entering and exiting the culture room, and the fungus bottles are arranged according to the sequence of the shape of the Chinese character 'C' in the process of entering, so that the arrangement of a forklift in the culture room and the smooth operation of the forklift are facilitated; the step of refrigerating the bacteria bottles comprises the selection of the matching degree of refrigerating capacity and the quantity of the bacteria bottles, wherein each refrigerating capacity is matched with 4000-4400 bacteria bottles, preferably 4200 bacteria bottles, and the weight of wet materials is 3.0-3.2t, preferably 3.1 t; the arrangement of the refrigerating fans is determined according to the area size of the culture room and the layout mode of the fungus bottles, and the general principle is that the dead angle of the wind direction of cold wind and the wind-receiving unevenness of the internal circulation are avoided to the maximum extent, and the wind-receiving uniformity of the fungus bottles in each area of the culture room is guaranteed.
Furthermore, the ventilation step of the culture room comprises the configuration of ventilation equipment, and the air volume of the air cabinet is 1800-2200m3H, preferably 2000m3H, the number of matched bacteria bottles is 18-2.2 ten thousand, preferably 2 ten thousand; the air cabinet is arranged above the inspection and sprinkling channel of the culture room, and the air pipe in the middle of the longitudinal inner side of the culture room is a plastic square pipe; the lower part of the air pipe is provided with adjustable and controllable ventilation round holes which are uniformly distributed; the ventilation fan is arranged at the lower part of the wall body opposite to the air inlet pipeline, and is 10-20cm, preferably 15cm away from the ground; the total air exhaust amount of each air exchange fan is lower than the air inlet amount of the air cabinet, so that the culture room is kept in a positive pressure state during ventilation; not only can be easier to radiate heat, but also can generate a large amount of CO in the culture process of the edible mycelium2Gas is discharged out of the culture room in time to ensure the robust growth of hyphae; the culture room cleaning step comprises the following steps of equipment selection and cleaning mode selection: the inner side of the culture room storehouse plate is made of a material plate which is corrosion-resistant to the disinfectant and has good smoothness; after the culture period of each culture room bacteria bottle is finished, the periphery and the top of the ground and the wall are cleaned and disinfected in time, a filter screen in the air cabinet is replaced and cleaned, and microorganisms are killed and disinfected by adopting high-efficiency low-alcohol aerosol disinfectant or an ozone generator according to the size of the culture room space after an exhaust hole is sealed; an insect-proof net is arranged at each air outlet; a plurality of mosquito killing lamps are hung in the freight passage of each culture room.
Further, the method for regulating and controlling the culture parameters of the bacteria bottle comprises the following steps: adjusting and controlling the bacteria bottles in the initial period of the culture room, closing a refrigeration air conditioner, closing an air cabinet and an air exchange fan 1-3 days after the bacteria bottles enter the culture room, culturing in dark under the condition of illumination, and keeping the humidity in a natural state; regulating and controlling initial parameters of the culture of the bacteria bottle: 4-5 days after the fungus bottle enters the culture room, controlling the temperature in the room at 20-22 deg.C, stopping ventilation for 110-130min, preferably 120min, simultaneously opening ventilation and exhaust for 12-18min, and introducing CO2Controlling the concentration at 2000-4500ppm, and culturing in dark; the humidity is in a natural state; adjusting and controlling parameters in the early stage of culture of the bacteria bottle: 6-9 days after the fungus bottles enter the culture room; controlling room temperature at 20-22 deg.C, stopping ventilation for 55-65min, preferably 60min, simultaneously opening ventilation and exhaust for 12-18min, and introducing CO2The concentration is controlled to be 3500-5500ppm, the illumination is dark culture, and the humidity is 50-70%; regulating and controlling parameters of the heating peak period of the fungus bottles: 10-19 days after the fungus bottle enters the culture room; controlling room temperature at 22-24 deg.C, stopping ventilation for 35-45min, preferably 40min, ventilating, and exhaustingOpening the kettle for 12-18min simultaneously, and introducing CO2Controlling the concentration at 4000-6000ppm, culturing in dark under illumination, and controlling the humidity at 50-65%; and (3) regulating and controlling the heating later-stage conditions of the fungus bottles: the 20 th to 24 th days after the fungus bottles enter the culture room; controlling room temperature at 21-23 deg.C, stopping ventilation for 55-65min, preferably 60min, simultaneously opening ventilation and exhaust for 12-18min, and introducing CO2The concentration is controlled to be 3500-5500ppm, the illumination is dark culture, and the humidity is 50-65%; and (3) controlling parameters of the post-maturation period of hyphae: the 25 th to 29 th days after the fungus bottles enter the culture room; regulating indoor temperature to 21-23 deg.C, stopping ventilation for 85-95min, preferably 90min, simultaneously opening ventilation and exhaust for 12-18min, and introducing CO2The concentration is controlled at 3000-5000ppm, the light is dark culture, and the humidity is 50-60%.
According to the invention, through the shape design of the fungus bottles, the selection of the placing modes of the fungus bottles in the tray and the culture room, the size design of the culture room and the measurement and calculation of the matching degree of the number of the fungus bottles, the consistency and the high efficiency of heat dissipation in the fungus bottles are ensured to the maximum extent, and the generation of thermal barriers is effectively avoided; through optimization and refinement of process parameters, the interior of the culture room and the center of the fungus bottle finally reach the optimal space environment condition for growth of the pleurotus eryngii, so that abnormal conditions are avoided in the culture process, and healthy and pollution-free mycelia are finally cultured; through controlling whole culture room sanitation, furthest guarantees at whole fungus bottle culture process, cultivates the cleanliness factor of environment, reduces by a wide margin because of culture room sanitation condition is poor, to the infection that the fungus bottle caused at culture process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the bottle body of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the bottle body 11, the bottle mouth 12, the bottle bottom 121, the groove 13 and the waist part.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples:
bacteria bottle example:
referring to fig. 1, the middle part of the fungus bottle body 1 of the invention is provided with a waist; the volume of the bottle body 1 is about 1100ml, the height of the bottle body 11 is 180mm, the diameter of the bottle opening 11 is 72 mm, the diameter of the bottle bottom 12 is 100mm, and the diameter of the waist 13 at the middle part of the bottle body 1 is 94 mm; the bottom of the bottle body 11 is provided with a groove 121; the height refers to the height from the bottom of the space in the bottle to the bottle mouth, and the diameter refers to the inner diameter.
The embodiment of the comprehensive culture method of the fungus bottle by utilizing the pleurotus eryngii liquid inoculation fungus bottle body comprises the following steps:
and (3) controlling the arrangement and the use conditions of the fungus bottles: the placing mode of the fungus bottles on the tray is as follows: placing the bacteria bottles in bacteria bottle baskets, wherein the number of the bacteria bottles placed in each bacteria bottle basket is 16; the fungus bottle baskets are placed on the trays, 10 layers of fungus bottle baskets are placed on each tray, and 4 fungus bottle baskets are placed on each layer; the distance between adjacent fungus bottle baskets is 20 cm; can be uniformly placed by an inoculation offline machine; so placed, the biological heat generated by the growth of hyphae can be led out of the fungus bottle and the basket quickly, and CO is discharged2The gas can be quickly discharged out of the fungus bottle and the basket.
Storage capacity of the fungus bottle in the culture room: the number of the fungus bottles placed in each square meter is 400; each culture room has an area of 600m2The ground is rectangular.
The layout mode of the fungus bottles in the culture room is as follows: the trays are placed in a stacking mode, every two trays form one group, the distance between the two adjacent left and right trays is 10cm, and the distance between the two adjacent left and right groups of trays is 20 cm; an inspection and sprinkling channel is arranged between the front and the back adjacent groups of trays, and the width of the inspection and sprinkling channel is 50 cm.
Fungus bottle heat dissipation mode: the internal circulating air is set and regulated through the air cabinet and refrigeration, so that the temperature inside the culture room is uniformly distributed; an inspection and sprinkling channel is designed between the tray groups, so that heat generated in the fungus bottles is timely dispersed; the refrigerating unit is configured to control the temperature in the culture room within an optimal range in a short time.
Control measures for fungus bottle infection mould and neurospora: under the condition that fungus bottles in a culture room are infected with more fungi, a disinfectant without peculiar smell is sprayed; reduce the humidity of the culture room and improve the CO of the culture room2And (4) concentration.
The internal circulation of air is reduced; for a fungus bottle basket or a fungus bottle with the occurrence of the neurospora, the neurospora is coated with diesel oil, and the neurospora is wrapped by a clean plastic bag or a plastic film to prevent the diffusion of the mildew.
Remedial measures after the heat of the fungus bottle exceeds the standard: have a power failure or refrigeration trouble suddenly in cultivateing the in-process, cause to cultivate room and fungus bottle temperature and rise temperature within the short time and exceed standard, in time open and cultivate the room door, strengthen ventilation to ground water spray cooling in the room.
The sequence of the fungus bottles entering and exiting the culture room is as follows: the operation is carried out according to the sequence of first-in first-out first-in last-out and then-out, and the operation is carried out according to the sequence of the shape of the Chinese character 'C' when the operation is carried out, so that the forklift is conveniently arranged in the culture room and the forklift can be smoothly operated;
and (3) refrigerating the fungus bottle: the method comprises the steps of selecting the matching degree of refrigerating capacity and the number of bacteria bottles, wherein each refrigerating capacity is matched with 4200 bacteria bottles, and the weight of wet materials is 3.1 t; the arrangement of the refrigerating fans is determined according to the area size of the culture room and the layout mode of the fungus bottles, and the general principle is that the dead angle of the wind direction of cold wind and the wind-receiving unevenness of the internal circulation are avoided to the maximum extent, and the wind-receiving uniformity of the fungus bottles in each area of the culture room is guaranteed.
Ventilating the culture room: comprises a ventilation device, the wind volume of the wind cabinet is 2000m3The number of matched bacteria bottles is 2 ten thousand; the air cabinet is arranged above the inspection and sprinkling channel of the culture room, and the air pipe in the middle of the longitudinal inner side of the culture room is a plastic square pipe; the lower part of the air pipe is provided with adjustable and controllable ventilation round holes which are uniformly distributed; the ventilation fan is arranged at the lower part of the wall body opposite to the air inlet pipeline and is 15cm away from the ground; the total air exhaust amount of each air exchange fan is lower than the air inlet amount of the air cabinet, so that the culture room is kept in a positive pressure state during ventilation; not only can be easier to radiate heat, but also can generate a large amount of CO in the culture process of the edible mycelium2Gas is discharged out of the culture room in time, and the strong growth of hyphae is guaranteed.
Cleaning a culture room: the method comprises the following steps of equipment selection and cleaning mode selection: the inner side of the culture room storehouse plate is made of a material plate which is corrosion-resistant to the disinfectant and has good smoothness; after the culture period of each culture room bacteria bottle is finished, the periphery and the top of the ground and the wall are cleaned and disinfected in time, a filter screen in the air cabinet is replaced and cleaned, and microorganisms are killed and disinfected by adopting high-efficiency low-alcohol aerosol disinfectant or an ozone generator according to the size of the culture room space after an exhaust hole is sealed; an insect-proof net is arranged at each air outlet; a plurality of mosquito killing lamps are hung in the freight passage of each culture room.
Referring to a table (table I) for regulating and detecting parameters of the fungus bottles in the culture room, the refrigeration air conditioner is closed, the air cabinet and the ventilation fan are closed 1-3 days after the fungus bottles enter the culture room, the illumination is dark culture, and the humidity is in a natural state; 4-5 days after the fungus bottle enters the culture room, controlling the temperature in the room to be 21 + -1 deg.C, stopping ventilation for 120min, simultaneously opening ventilation and air exhaust for 15min, and introducing CO2Controlling the concentration at 2000-4500ppm, and culturing in dark; the humidity is in a natural state; 6-9 days after the fungus bottles enter the culture room; controlling room temperature at 21 + -1 deg.C, stopping ventilation for 60min, opening ventilation and air exhaust simultaneously for 15min, and introducing CO2The concentration is controlled to be 3500-5500ppm, the illumination is dark culture, and the humidity is 50-70%; 10-19 days after the fungus bottle enters the culture room; controlling room temperature at 23 + -1 deg.C, ventilating for 40min, ventilating and exhausting for 15min simultaneously, and introducing CO2Controlling the concentration at 4000-6000ppm, culturing in dark under illumination, and controlling the humidity at 50-65%; the 20 th to 24 th days after the fungus bottles enter the culture room; controlling room temperature at 22 + -1 deg.C, stopping ventilation for 60min, simultaneously opening ventilation and air exhaust for 15min, and introducing CO2The concentration is controlled to be 3500-5500ppm, the illumination is dark culture, and the humidity is 50-65%; the 25 th to 29 th days after the fungus bottles enter the culture room; regulating indoor temperature to 22 + -1 deg.C, stopping ventilation for 90min, opening ventilation and air exhaust simultaneously for 15min, and introducing CO2The concentration is controlled at 3000-5000ppm, the light is dark culture, and the humidity is 50-60%.
Table one: culture room fungus bottle parameter regulation and control and detection table
The dates listed in table i refer to 3 months and 4 months of 2020, and for example, "3.03" refers to 3 months and 3 days of 2020; the east corner, the middle part and the west corner in the table refer to the areas of the culture room; the temperature is given in the table and the concentration of CO2 is given in ppm. In the stage of culturing the fungus bottles, the temperature, the humidity, the CO2 concentration, the space cleanliness, the tray layout and the like of the fungus bottles are greatly related to the hypha robustness and the fungus bottle pollution in the culturing process, and only when the parameters are regulated and optimized to reach the optimal state, the hypha growth consistency and the hypha robustness can reach the optimal state, and the infection rate is greatly reduced, so that the scratching contamination rate before and after the culture parameters are regulated is one of important indexes for reflecting whether the culture parameters are reasonable.
According to the method for culturing the bacteria bottles, the placing modes of the bacteria bottles in the tray and the culture room are selected, the size of the culture room is designed, and the measurement and calculation of the matching degree of the quantity of the bacteria bottles are carried out, so that the consistency and the high efficiency of heat dissipation in the bacteria bottles are ensured to the maximum extent, and the generation of thermal barriers is effectively avoided; through optimization and refinement of process parameters, the interior of the culture room and the center of the fungus bottle finally reach the optimal space environment condition for growth of the pleurotus eryngii, so that abnormal conditions are avoided in the culture process, and healthy and pollution-free mycelia are finally cultured; by sanitary control of the whole culture room environment, the cleanliness of the culture environment in the whole fungus bottle culture process is ensured to the maximum extent, and the infection of the fungus bottle in the culture process due to poor environment sanitary conditions of the culture room is greatly reduced; the method has the specific effects that the culture pollution condition statistics (table II) before the culture parameters are optimized and the culture pollution condition statistics (table III) after the culture parameters are optimized are seen, and the comparison and detection data of the table II and the table III show that the optimized pollution rate is obviously reduced, so that a more suitable excellent environment is provided for the growth of the pleurotus eryngii.
Table two: statistics of culture contamination before culture parameters are not optimized
Table three: culture contamination statistics after culture parameter optimization
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as being within the protection scope of the present invention.
Those not described in detail in the specification are well within the skill of the art.
Claims (10)
1. A fungus bottle body for inoculating pleurotus eryngii to liquid seeds is characterized in that a waist is arranged in the middle of the fungus bottle body.
2. A bottle body for inoculating liquid with pleurotus eryngii according to claim 1, wherein the volume of the bottle body is 800 ml-1400 ml.
3. A bottle body of a fungus bottle for inoculating pleurotus eryngii with liquid seeds according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bottom of the bottle body is provided with a groove; the height of the bottle body is 160-200mm, preferably 180mm, the diameter of the bottle opening is 65-75 mm, preferably 70mm, the diameter of the bottle bottom is 90-100mm, preferably 95mm, and the diameter of the waist part in the middle of the bottle body is 85-95mm, preferably 90 mm; the height refers to the height from the bottom of the space in the bottle to the bottle opening, and the diameter refers to the inner diameter.
4. A comprehensive culture method of fungus bottles by using fungus bottle bodies for inoculating pleurotus eryngii with liquid seeds according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized by comprising the steps of fungus bottle arrangement and use condition control, fungus bottle refrigeration, culture room ventilation and air exchange, culture room cleaning and fungus bottle culture parameter regulation and control; the step of controlling the arrangement and the use conditions of the bacteria bottles comprises the following steps: selecting a placing mode of the fungus bottles on the tray, selecting the storage capacity of the fungus bottles in the culture room, selecting a layout mode of the fungus bottles in the culture room, selecting a heat dissipation mode of the fungus bottles, selecting control measures of fungus bottle infected mould and streptomyces, selecting remedial measures after the heat of the fungus bottles exceeds the standard, and selecting the order of the fungus bottles entering and exiting the culture room; the method comprises the steps of adjusting and controlling the culture parameters of the fungus bottles in the initial stage of entering a culture room, adjusting and controlling the parameters of the initial stage of the fungus bottle culture, adjusting and controlling the parameters of the early stage of the fungus bottle culture, adjusting and controlling the parameters of the peak stage of the fungus bottle heating, adjusting and controlling the parameters of the later stage of the fungus bottle heating and adjusting and controlling the parameters of the hypha later stage.
5. The comprehensive culture method for the bacteria bottles as claimed in claim 4, wherein the selection of the placing mode of the bacteria bottles on the tray means that the bacteria bottles are placed in bacteria bottle baskets, and the number of the bacteria bottles placed in each bacteria bottle basket is 10-20, preferably 16; the fungus bottle baskets are placed on the trays, 8-10 layers, preferably 8 layers, of fungus bottle baskets are placed on each tray, and 4 fungus bottle baskets are placed on each layer; the spacing between adjacent fungus bottle baskets is 10cm-20cm, preferably 20 cm.
6. The method for culturing a fungus bottle as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein the selection of the stock capacity of the fungus bottle in the culture room is as follows: the number of the fungus bottles placed per square meter is 380-420, preferably 400; the area of each culture room is preferably 500-700m2More preferably 550 to 650m2More preferably 600m2The ground is preferably rectangular; the layout mode of the fungus bottles in the culture room is selected as follows: the trays are placed in a stacked mode, every two trays form one group, the distance between the left tray and the right tray is 8-12cm, preferably 10cm, and the distance between the left tray and the right tray is 15-25cm, preferably 20 cm; an inspection and sprinkling channel is arranged between the front and the back adjacent groups of trays, and the width of the inspection and sprinkling channel is 45-55cm, preferably 50 cm; the heat dissipation mode of the fungus bottle is selected as follows: the internal circulating air is set and regulated through the air cabinet and refrigeration, so that the temperature inside the culture room is uniformly distributed; an inspection and sprinkling channel is designed between the tray groups, so that heat generated in the fungus bottles is timely dispersed; the refrigerating unit is configured to control the temperature in the culture room within an optimal range in a short time.
7. The method for comprehensively culturing the fungus bottles of any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the control measures for controlling the fungus bottles to be infected with the mold and the Neurospora are selected from the group consisting of spraying a disinfectant without peculiar smell when the fungus bottles are infected with a large amount of mold in the culture room; reduce the humidity of the culture room and improve the CO of the culture room2Concentration; the internal circulation of air is reduced; collecting fungus bottle basket or fungus bottle with neurosporaCoating the Neurospora with diesel oil, and wrapping the Neurospora with clean plastic bag or plastic film to prevent mold diffusion; the remedial measure selection after the heating of the fungus bottle exceeds the standard refers to that the temperature of the culture room and the fungus bottle is raised to exceed the standard within a short time due to sudden power failure or refrigeration fault in the culture process, the door of the culture room is opened in time, ventilation is enhanced, and the ground in the room is sprayed with water for cooling.
8. A method for culturing a fungus bottle comprehensively according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the fungus bottle is sequentially fed into and discharged from the culture room by a first-in first-out method; the step of refrigerating the bacteria bottles comprises the selection of the matching degree of refrigerating capacity and the quantity of the bacteria bottles, wherein each refrigerating capacity is matched with 4000-4400 bacteria bottles, preferably 4200 bacteria bottles, and the weight of wet materials is 3.0-3.2t, preferably 3.1 t.
9. The method for comprehensively culturing the fungus flasks as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 8, wherein the step of ventilating the culture room comprises the configuration of ventilation equipment, and the air volume of the air cabinet is 1800 to 2200m3H, preferably 2000m3The number of matched bacteria bottles is 1.8-2.2 ten thousand, preferably 2 ten thousand; the air cabinet is arranged above the inspection and sprinkling channel of the culture room, and the air pipe in the middle of the longitudinal inner side of the culture room is a plastic square pipe; the lower part of the air pipe is provided with adjustable and controllable ventilation round holes which are uniformly distributed; the ventilation fan is arranged at the lower part of the wall body opposite to the air inlet pipeline, and is 10-20cm, preferably 15cm away from the ground; the culture room cleaning step comprises the following steps of equipment selection and cleaning mode selection: the inner side of the culture room storehouse plate is made of a material plate which is corrosion-resistant to the disinfectant and has good smoothness; after the culture period of each culture room bacteria bottle is finished, the periphery and the top of the ground and the wall are cleaned and disinfected in time, a filter screen in the air cabinet is replaced and cleaned, and microorganisms are killed and disinfected by adopting high-efficiency low-alcohol aerosol disinfectant or an ozone generator according to the size of the culture room space after an exhaust hole is sealed; an insect-proof net is arranged at each air outlet; a plurality of mosquito killing lamps are hung in the freight passage of each culture room.
10. The method according to one of claims 4 to 9The comprehensive culture method of the bacteria bottle is characterized by comprising the steps of regulating and controlling culture parameters of the bacteria bottle, wherein the steps comprise: adjusting and controlling the bacteria bottles in the initial period of the culture room, closing a refrigeration air conditioner, closing an air cabinet and an air exchange fan 1-3 days after the bacteria bottles enter the culture room, culturing in dark under the condition of illumination, and keeping the humidity in a natural state; regulating and controlling initial parameters of the culture of the bacteria bottle: 4-5 days after the fungus bottle enters the culture room, controlling the temperature in the room at 20-22 deg.C, stopping ventilation for 110-130min, preferably 120min, simultaneously opening ventilation and exhaust for 12-18min, and introducing CO2Controlling the concentration at 2000-4500ppm, and culturing in dark; the humidity is in a natural state; adjusting and controlling parameters in the early stage of culture of the bacteria bottle: 6-9 days after the fungus bottles enter the culture room; controlling room temperature at 20-22 deg.C, stopping ventilation for 55-65min, preferably 60min, simultaneously opening ventilation and exhaust for 12-18min, and introducing CO2The concentration is controlled to be 3500-5500ppm, the illumination is dark culture, and the humidity is 50-70%; regulating and controlling parameters of the heating peak period of the fungus bottles: 10-19 days after the fungus bottle enters the culture room; controlling room temperature at 22-24 deg.C, stopping ventilation for 35-45min, preferably 40min, simultaneously opening ventilation and exhaust for 12-18min, and introducing CO2Controlling the concentration at 4000-6000ppm, culturing in dark under illumination, and controlling the humidity at 50-65%; and (3) regulating and controlling the heating later-stage conditions of the fungus bottles: the 20 th to 24 th days after the fungus bottles enter the culture room; controlling room temperature at 21-23 deg.C, stopping ventilation for 55-65min, preferably 60min, simultaneously opening ventilation and exhaust for 12-18min, and introducing CO2The concentration is controlled to be 3500-5500ppm, the illumination is dark culture, and the humidity is 50-65%; and (3) controlling parameters of the post-maturation period of hyphae: the 25 th to 29 th days after the fungus bottles enter the culture room; regulating indoor temperature to 21-23 deg.C, stopping ventilation for 85-95min, preferably 90min, simultaneously opening ventilation and exhaust for 12-18min, and introducing CO2The concentration is controlled at 3000-5000ppm, the light is dark culture, and the humidity is 50-60%.
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| CN112166953A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-01-05 | 临沂大学 | Method for cultivating ornamental pleurotus eryngii through fruiting in bottle |
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