CN111657082A - Planting method of polygonatum sibiricum - Google Patents
Planting method of polygonatum sibiricum Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a sealwort planting method, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting land and preparing land. S2, a propagation method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting 2-year-old plants which are strong and have no plant diseases and insect pests, additionally applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in summer of the current year, harvesting mature fruits in 9-11 months of the current year, and obtaining full seeds. Then, the selected seeds are peeled, and the peeled seeds are soaked in disinfectant for 45-70 minutes. Then taking out the seeds and airing until the surface is completely dried. And finally, sand storage treatment is carried out on the seeds. S3, field management, comprising: intertillage weeding management, topdressing management, irrigation and drainage management, shading intercropping management and pest control. And S4, harvesting and processing. The polygonatum kingianum planted by the polygonatum kingianum planting method generally only needs 1 year and a half to 2 years from sowing to harvesting, and the obtained polygonatum kingianum has good quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and particularly relates to a planting method of polygonatum.
Background
Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl, Liliaceae, Polygonatum kingianum herbaceous plant, rhizome is nearly cylindrical or nearly beaded, and nodule is irregular rhombus and thick. The top of the stem is in climbing shape. The impeller is raw, each wheel has 3-10 pieces, the strip shape or the needle shape is coated, and the tip is fist-shaped. Inflorescence has flowers, the total pedicel is drooping, and the bract quality of the pedicel is tiny and is usually positioned at the lower part of the pedicel. The flower is pink and the splinters are 3-5 mm long. The length of the filament is 3-5 mm, the filament or both sides are flat, and the length of the anther is 4-6 mm. The ovary is 4-6 mm long. Berry red, 1-1.5 cm in diameter, with 7-12 seeds. The flowering period is 3-5 months, and the fruit period is 9-10 months. Produced in Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou provinces in China. Under the forest, in the bush or on the wet grass slope, sometimes on the rock, at an altitude of 700 + 3600 m. Vietnam and Burma also have distribution. The rhizome also acts as a polygonatum.
Along with the expansion of application, people do not have planned collection and excavation, wild resources of polygonatum kingianum tend to be exhausted, and artificial cultivation becomes a necessary trend. The common polygonatum kingianum propagation technology at present is rhizome propagation, but the rhizome propagation cannot meet the production requirement due to large seed consumption, high production cost and insufficient seed source. However, seeds are directly adopted for propagation, although the propagation coefficient is large, two physiological dormancy periods exist, the production period is long, and under natural conditions, one true leaf can grow out after three years. Meanwhile, the existing rhizome breeding polygonatum planting technology generally needs field management for 2-3 years to harvest polygonatum kingianum, if seeds are adopted for breeding, the period of production is about 5 years, and the production period is too long.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a sealwort planting method aiming at the problems in the prior art, which comprises the following steps:
s1, land selection and preparation: selecting land blocks according to the growth characteristics of the sealwort, deep ploughing, harrowing and leveling. When in tillage, soil is disinfected, and disinfectant is applied to soil layers of more than 15 cm. After the cultivation is finished, a flat furrow or a high furrow is made, the furrow width is 120-130cm, the furrow width is 90-100cm, the furrow height is 10-20cm, and the furrow needs to avoid the direct light at noon.
S2, a propagation method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting 2-year-old plants which are strong and have no plant diseases and insect pests, additionally applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in summer of the current year, harvesting mature fruits in 9-11 months of the current year, and obtaining full seeds. Then, the selected seeds are peeled, and the peeled seeds are soaked in disinfectant for 45-70 minutes. Then taking out the seeds and airing until the surface is completely dried. And finally, sand storage treatment is carried out on the seeds.
S3, field management, comprising: intertillage weeding management, topdressing management, irrigation and drainage management, shading intercropping management and pest control.
S4, harvesting and processing: after field management for 1 year, harvesting is carried out at the end of autumn and at the beginning of winter. Collecting, removing aerial parts, fibrous root, and scab, cleaning, steaming in a steamer for 10-20 min, sun drying or oven drying when it is oily, or boiling in water, sun drying or oven drying to obtain yellow and dry product.
Further, the sand storage processing method in step S2 includes: and (3) mixing the obtained seeds according to the mass of the seeds: the sand quality is 1: 2-2.3, keeping the water content of 40-50%, and placing in a sealed environment at 10-12 deg.C for 15-17 days.
Further, the sandy soil comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of 60-80 mesh laterite, 1-3 parts of juncus effusus solution and 5-8 parts of 100-120 mesh far infrared stone.
Further, the rush solution is: firstly, grinding rush to 80-100 meshes, and then adding 0.5-0.8 wt% of sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution with equal mass. Then evenly stirring, heating at 60-65 ℃ for 20-25 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the rush solution.
Further, the intertillage weeding management of step S3 includes: shallow hoes were performed 1 time each at 4, 6, 9, and 11 months per year.
Further, the top dressing management in step S3 includes: topdressing is carried out according to weeding management time each year: after the first three weeding operations, 1500-1600 kg of farmyard manure is applied to each mu, and 1300-1600kg of soil and miscellaneous manure is applied to each mu after the fourth weeding operation. The fertilizer application mode is that the fertilizer is applied in rows, and soil and fertilizer are covered after the fertilizer is applied.
Further, the farmyard manure comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of pig manure, 80-90 parts of chicken manure and 1-3 parts of juncus effuses.
Further, the irrigation and drainage management in step S3 includes: the relative humidity of the field is kept at 70-80%, irrigation needs to be carried out in time in dry weather, and ditch cleaning and drainage need to be carried out in rainy season.
Further, the shading interceding management of step S3 includes: planting 2 lines of corns in every 4 lines of polygonatum, sowing the corns in spring, and keeping the row spacing with the polygonatum about 40-60 cm.
Further, the pest control in step S3 includes:
aiming at the leaf spot: when harvesting, the garden is cleared to eliminate the disease residues. Spraying 1: 100 Bordeaux mixture or 1000 times of 50% sterile wettable powder before and during the initial stage of disease, spraying 1 time every 7-10 days, and continuously spraying 6-8 times.
Aiming at grubs and cutworms: adult insects are trapped and killed by light, and seeds are dressed by using 75% phoxim emulsifiable solution according to the seed quantity of 0.1%. And trapping and killing with poison bait in the field emergence period.
Aiming at cotton bollworms: and trapping and killing the imagoes by using a black light lamp. In the full-growth period of the larva, 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable solution 2000 times, or 20% killing pyrethrin emulsifiable solution 2000 times, or 50% phoxim emulsifiable solution 1500 times is sprayed. Or biological control with natural enemies such as Japanese Pistis multocida and Sesamaria verruculosa.
Aiming at aphids: spraying and preventing by using 1000-fold liquid of 50 percent fenitrothion missible oil or 1500-fold liquid of dimethoate missible oil of 2000-fold.
The invention has the advantages that: the polygonatum kingianum planted by the polygonatum kingianum planting method only needs 1 year and a half to 2 years from sowing to harvesting, greatly shortens the production period compared with the prior art for about 5 years, and simultaneously, the obtained polygonatum kingianum has better quality and meets the product requirements.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A planting method of rhizoma polygonati comprises the following steps:
s1, land selection and preparation: selecting land blocks according to the growth characteristics of the sealwort, deep ploughing, harrowing and leveling. When in tillage, soil is disinfected, and disinfectant is applied to soil layers of more than 15 cm. After the farmland is cultivated, flat ridges or high ridges are formed, the ridge width is 125cm, the furrow width is 95cm, the ridge height is 15cm, and the ridge needs to avoid direct light at noon.
S2, a propagation method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting 2-year-old plants which are strong and have no plant diseases and insect pests, additionally applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in summer of the current year, harvesting mature fruits in 9-11 months of the current year, and obtaining full seeds. Then, the selected seeds are peeled, and the peeled seeds are soaked in disinfectant for 60 minutes. Then taking out the seeds and airing until the surface is completely dried. And finally, sand storage treatment is carried out on the seeds.
The sand storage treatment method comprises the following steps: and (3) mixing the obtained seeds according to the mass of the seeds: the sand quality is 1: 2.1, maintaining the water content of 45 percent, and placing the mixture in an environment with the temperature of 11 ℃ for 16 days in a sealed manner.
The sandy soil comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of 70-mesh laterite, 2 parts of juncus effusus solution and 6 parts of 110-mesh far infrared stone.
The rush solution is: firstly, grinding rush into 90 meshes, and then adding 0.6% by weight of sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution with equal mass. Then stirring evenly, heating at 63 ℃ for 23 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the rush solution.
S3, field management, comprising: intertillage weeding management, topdressing management, irrigation and drainage management, shading intercropping management and pest control.
Step S3 the intertillage weeding management includes: shallow hoes were performed 1 time each at 4, 6, 9, and 11 months per year.
Step S3 the top dressing management includes: topdressing is carried out according to weeding management time each year: 1800kg of farmyard manure is applied to each mu after the first three weeding operations, and 1500kg of soil and miscellaneous manure is applied to each mu after the fourth weeding operation. The fertilizer application mode is that the fertilizer is applied in rows, and soil and fertilizer are covered after the fertilizer is applied.
The farmyard manure comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of pig manure, 85 parts of chicken manure and 2 parts of juncus effuses.
S4, harvesting and processing: after field management for 1 year, harvesting is carried out at the end of autumn and at the beginning of winter. Collecting, removing aerial parts, fibrous root and scab, cleaning silt, steaming in a steamer for 15 min, sun drying or oven drying when it is oily, or boiling in water, sun drying or oven drying to obtain yellow dried product.
Example 2
A planting method of rhizoma polygonati comprises the following steps:
s1, land selection and preparation: selecting land blocks according to the growth characteristics of the sealwort, deep ploughing, harrowing and leveling. When in tillage, soil is disinfected, and disinfectant is applied to soil layers of more than 15 cm. After the farmland is cultivated, a flat furrow or a high furrow is made, the furrow width is 130cm, the furrow width is 100cm, the furrow height is 20cm, and the furrow needs to avoid the direct light at noon.
S2, a propagation method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting 2-year-old plants which are strong and have no plant diseases and insect pests, additionally applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in summer of the current year, harvesting mature fruits in 9-11 months of the current year, and obtaining full seeds. Then, the selected seeds are peeled, and the peeled seeds are soaked in disinfectant for 70 minutes. Then taking out the seeds and airing until the surface is completely dried. And finally, sand storage treatment is carried out on the seeds.
The sand storage processing method in step S2 includes: and (3) mixing the obtained seeds according to the mass of the seeds: the sand quality is 1: 2.3, keeping the water content of 50 percent, and placing the mixture in an environment with the temperature of 12 ℃ for 17 days in a sealed manner.
The sandy soil comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of 80-mesh laterite, 3 parts of juncus effusus solution and 8 parts of 120-mesh far infrared stone.
The rush solution is: firstly, grinding rush to 100 meshes, and then adding 0.8% by weight of sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution with equal mass. Then stirring evenly, heating at 65 ℃ for 25 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the rush solution.
S3, field management, comprising: intertillage weeding management, topdressing management, irrigation and drainage management, shading intercropping management and pest control.
Step S3 the intertillage weeding management includes: shallow hoes were performed 1 time each at 4, 6, 9, and 11 months per year.
Step S3 the top dressing management includes: topdressing is carried out according to weeding management time each year: after the first three weeding operations, 2000kg of farmyard manure is applied to each mu, and after the fourth weeding operation, 1600kg of soil and miscellaneous fertilizers are applied to each mu. The fertilizer application mode is that the fertilizer is applied in rows, and soil and fertilizer are covered after the fertilizer is applied.
The farmyard manure comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of pig manure, 90 parts of chicken manure and 3 parts of juncus effuses.
S4, harvesting and processing: after field management for 1 year, harvesting is carried out at the end of autumn and at the beginning of winter. Collecting, removing aerial parts, fibrous root, and scab, cleaning, steaming in a steamer for 20 min, sun drying or oven drying when it is oily, or boiling in water, sun drying or oven drying to obtain yellow dried product.
Example 3
A planting method of rhizoma polygonati comprises the following steps:
s1, land selection and preparation: selecting land blocks according to the growth characteristics of the sealwort, deep ploughing, harrowing and leveling. When in tillage, soil is disinfected, and disinfectant is applied to soil layers of more than 15 cm. After the farmland is cultivated, a flat bed or a high bed is made, the width of the bed is 120cm, the width of the ditch is 90cm, the height of the bed is 10cm, and the direct light at noon is required to be avoided.
S2, a propagation method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting 2-year-old plants which are strong and have no plant diseases and insect pests, additionally applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in summer of the current year, harvesting mature fruits in 9-11 months of the current year, and obtaining full seeds. Then, the selected seeds are peeled, and the peeled seeds are soaked in disinfectant for 45 minutes. Then taking out the seeds and airing until the surface is completely dried. And finally, sand storage treatment is carried out on the seeds.
The sand storage processing method in step S2 includes: and (3) mixing the obtained seeds according to the mass of the seeds: the sand quality is 1: 2, maintaining the water content of 40 percent, and placing the mixture in an environment with 10 ℃ for 15 days in a closed manner.
The sandy soil comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of 60-mesh red soil, 1 part of juncus effusus solution and 5 parts of 100-mesh far infrared stone.
The rush solution is: firstly, grinding rush into 80 meshes, and then adding 0.5% by weight of sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution with equal mass. Then stirring evenly, heating at 60 ℃ for 20 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the rush solution.
S3, field management, comprising: intertillage weeding management, topdressing management, irrigation and drainage management, shading intercropping management and pest control.
Step S3 the intertillage weeding management includes: shallow hoes were performed 1 time each at 4, 6, 9, and 11 months per year.
Step S3 the top dressing management includes: topdressing is carried out according to weeding management time each year: 1500kg of farmyard manure is applied to each mu after the first three weeding operations, and 1300kg of soil and miscellaneous manure is applied to each mu after the fourth weeding operation. The fertilizer application mode is that the fertilizer is applied in rows, and soil and fertilizer are covered after the fertilizer is applied.
The farmyard manure comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of pig manure, 80 parts of chicken manure and 1 part of juncus effuses.
S4, harvesting and processing: after field management for 1 year, harvesting is carried out at the end of autumn and at the beginning of winter. Collecting, removing aerial parts, fibrous root and scab, cleaning silt, steaming in a steamer for 10 min, sun drying or oven drying when it is oily, or boiling in water, sun drying or oven drying to obtain yellow dried product.
The applicant finds that sand storage treatment is carried out on polygonatum kingianum by using a sand storage treatment matrix obtained by mixing a specific solution with red earth and far-infrared red stones, so that the dormancy breaking time of seeds can be remarkably shortened, and the dormancy breaking time required to be about 2 years in the original natural environment is shortened to about 15 days. Further, the germination period of the polygonatum kingianum seeds is shortened to 3-4 months, the survival rate is more than 80%, and the whole planting period of the polygonatum kingianum is greatly shortened.
In addition, the applicant also finds that the growth speed of polygonatum kingianum can be obviously improved by adding a small amount of rush in the organic fertilizer, and the field management period of the polygonatum kingianum can be shortened to 1 year and half from 2 to 3 years of the original (directly using the organic fertilizer).
Example 4
Based on the method for planting polygonatum sibiricum as in any one of embodiments 1 to 3, the step S3 of performing shade intercropping management includes: planting 2 rows of corns in every 4 rows of polygonatum sibiricum, sowing the corns in spring, and keeping the row spacing with the polygonatum sibiricum about 40-60cm, preferably 50 cm.
The method can not only effectively meet the shading requirement in the polygonatum kingianum planting process, but also improve the planting benefit of the polygonatum kingianum through an intercropping mode.
Example 5
Based on the method for planting polygonatum sibiricum as in any one of embodiments 1 to 3, the irrigation and drainage management in step S3 includes: the relative humidity in the field should be maintained at 70-80%, preferably 75%. Irrigation needs to be carried out in time in dry weather, and ditch cleaning and drainage need to be carried out in rainy season.
Step S3 the pest control method includes:
aiming at the leaf spot: when harvesting, the garden is cleared to eliminate the disease residues. Spraying 1: 100 Bordeaux mixture or 1000 times of 50% sterile wettable powder before and during the initial stage of disease, spraying 1 time every 7-10 days, and continuously spraying 6-8 times.
Aiming at grubs and cutworms: adult insects are trapped and killed by light, and seeds are dressed by using 75% phoxim emulsifiable solution according to the seed quantity of 0.1%. And trapping and killing with poison bait in the field emergence period.
Aiming at cotton bollworms: and trapping and killing the imagoes by using a black light lamp. In the full-growth period of the larva, 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable solution 2000 times, or 20% killing pyrethrin emulsifiable solution 2000 times, or 50% phoxim emulsifiable solution 1500 times is sprayed. Or biological control with natural enemies such as Japanese Pistis multocida and Sesamaria verruculosa.
Aiming at aphids: spraying and preventing by using 1000-fold liquid of 50 percent fenitrothion missible oil or 1500-fold liquid of dimethoate missible oil of 2000-fold.
The concentration and the dosage of each reagent in the pest control are adjusted within a range according to the historical pest outbreak intensity.
By adopting the irrigation and drainage management and the pest control, the disease and pest incidence rate in the polygonatum kingianum planting process can be effectively reduced, and the planting loss is reduced.
It is to be noted and understood that various modifications and improvements can be made to the invention described in detail above without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed. Accordingly, the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited by any of the specific exemplary teachings provided.
Claims (10)
1. A planting method of rhizoma polygonati is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, land selection and preparation: selecting land blocks according to the growth characteristics of polygonatum sibiricum, deeply ploughing, harrowing and leveling; when in tillage, soil is disinfected, and disinfectant is applied to a soil layer of more than 15 cm; after the cultivation is finished, making a flat furrow or a high furrow, wherein the furrow width is 130cm, the furrow width is 90-100cm, the furrow height is 10-20cm, and the furrow needs to avoid the midday direct light;
s2, a propagation method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting 2-year-old plants which are strong in growth and free from diseases and insect pests, additionally applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in summer of the current year, harvesting mature fruits in 9-11 months of the current year, and obtaining full seeds; then, carrying out peeling treatment on the selected seeds, and soaking the seeds in a disinfectant for 45-70 minutes after peeling; then taking out the seeds and airing until the surface water is completely dried; finally, sand storage treatment is carried out on the seeds;
s3, field management, comprising: intertillage weeding management, topdressing management, irrigation and drainage management, shading intercropping management and pest control;
s4, harvesting and processing: harvesting at the end of autumn and at the beginning of winter after field management for 1 year; collecting, removing aerial parts, fibrous root, and scab, cleaning, steaming in a steamer for 10-20 min, sun drying or oven drying when it is oily, or boiling in water, sun drying or oven drying to obtain yellow and dry product.
2. The sealwort planting method according to claim 1, wherein the sand storage treatment in step S2 comprises: and (3) mixing the obtained seeds according to the mass of the seeds: the sand quality is 1: 2-2.3, keeping the water content of 40-50%, and placing in a sealed environment at 10-12 deg.C for 15-17 days.
3. The sealwort seedling breeding method according to claim 2, wherein the sandy soil comprises, in parts by mass: 100 parts of 60-80 mesh laterite, 1-3 parts of juncus effusus solution and 5-8 parts of 100-120 mesh far infrared stone.
4. A seedling breeding method for polygonatum sibiricum according to claim 3, wherein the rush solution is: firstly, grinding rush to 80-100 meshes, and then adding sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution with equal mass of 0.5-0.8% wt; then evenly stirring, heating at 60-65 ℃ for 20-25 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the rush solution.
5. The sealwort seedling breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the intertillage weeding management of step S3 comprises: shallow hoes were performed 1 time each at 4, 6, 9, and 11 months per year.
6. A seedling breeding method for Polygonatum sibiricum Red as claimed in claim 5, wherein said additional fertilization management of step S3 comprises: topdressing is carried out according to weeding management time each year: after the first three weeding operations, 1500-1600 kg of farmyard manure is applied to each mu, and 1300-1600kg of soil and miscellaneous manure is applied to each mu after the fourth weeding operation; the fertilizer application mode is that the fertilizer is applied in rows, and soil and fertilizer are covered after the fertilizer is applied.
7. A seedling breeding method for polygonatum sibiricum according to claim 6, wherein the farmyard manure comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of pig manure, 80-90 parts of chicken manure and 1-3 parts of juncus effuses.
8. A seedling breeding method for polygonatum sibiricum according to claim 1, wherein the irrigation and drainage management in step S3 comprises: the relative humidity of the field is kept at 70-80%, irrigation needs to be carried out in time in dry weather, and ditch cleaning and drainage need to be carried out in rainy season.
9. A seedling breeding method for polygonatum sibiricum according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 of performing shading intercropping management comprises: planting 2 lines of corns in every 4 lines of polygonatum, sowing the corns in spring, and keeping the row spacing with the polygonatum about 40-60 cm.
10. A seedling breeding method for polygonatum sibiricum according to claim 1, wherein the pest control in step S3 comprises:
aiming at the leaf spot: cleaning the garden during harvesting to eliminate the disease residues; spraying 1: 100 Bordeaux mixture or 1000 times of 50% sterile wettable powder before and during the initial stage of the disease, spraying 1 time every 7-10 days, and continuously spraying 6-8 times;
aiming at grubs and cutworms: the adult insects are trapped and killed by light, and meanwhile, seeds are mixed with 75 percent phoxim missible oil according to the seed amount of 0.1 percent; trapping and killing with poison bait in the field emergence period;
aiming at cotton bollworms: trapping and killing adults by using a black light lamp; spraying 2000 times of 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable solution, or 2000 times of 20% killing pyrethrin emulsifiable solution, or 1500 times of 50% phoxim emulsifiable solution in the full-growth period of larvae; or biological control with natural enemies such as Japanese Pistis multocida and Sesamaria verruculosa.
Aiming at aphids: spraying and preventing by using 1000-fold liquid of 50 percent fenitrothion missible oil or 1500-fold liquid of dimethoate missible oil of 2000-fold.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113854056A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2021-12-31 | 湖南食尚康农业股份有限公司 | Outdoor sleeping-breaking rapid propagation seedling raising method for polygonatum sibiricum seeds and polygonatum sibiricum seedlings |
| CN114391442A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-04-26 | 江山隆泰农业开发有限公司 | Method for planting polygonatum sibiricum under photovoltaic panel |
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