CN111657075A - High-efficiency stubble-grafting planting method for hot peppers, garlic and broad beans - Google Patents
High-efficiency stubble-grafting planting method for hot peppers, garlic and broad beans Download PDFInfo
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- CN111657075A CN111657075A CN202010550370.8A CN202010550370A CN111657075A CN 111657075 A CN111657075 A CN 111657075A CN 202010550370 A CN202010550370 A CN 202010550370A CN 111657075 A CN111657075 A CN 111657075A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency stubble-connecting planting method for hot peppers and garlic/broad beans, which comprises the following steps: in the late 4 th month, covering furrows and opening boxes in a pepper planting field according to the specification of 120 plus one year and 130cm, applying an organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer on the box surfaces, covering a mulching film, and in the early 5 th month, planting pepper seedlings in two rows on the box surfaces covered with the mulching film, in 6 months, performing field management on the pepper seedlings, in 8 months, harvesting green and red peppers in time, after 2 times of harvesting, topdressing 15-25kg of the compound fertilizer per mu, from the bottom of 9 months to the middle 10 th month, sowing garlic or broad beans on the pepper box surfaces, sowing while opening holes, covering soil after sowing, in the late 11 th month to the middle 12 th month, topdressing the compound fertilizer according to the growth conditions of the garlic or the broad beans, in the late 12 months to the middle 4 th month of the next year, and sequentially harvesting garlic seedlings, garlic shoots and garlic heads; or sequentially collecting green bean pods and old bean pods, and finishing the land in the last 4 th of the year, and repeating the above processes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a high-efficiency stubble-grafting planting method for hot peppers and garlic/broad beans.
Background
Capsicum is a perennial plant, and is usually cultivated for one or two years in production. Annual cultivation is generally carried out in 2-3 months, land preparation and compartment opening are carried out in 3-4 months, the value is fixed in 4-5 months, and harvesting is carried out in 7-10 months; the biennial cultivation generally comprises the steps of seedling cultivation in 10-11 months, setting the value in 1-2 months in the next year and harvesting in 3-5 months. After the annual cultivated peppers are harvested, winter crops such as Chinese cabbages, garlic, broad beans, peas, wheat, rapes and the like are generally selected for stubble grafting, so that the utilization rate of land is improved, and the economic income is increased.
In the traditional pepper stubble-jointing mode, pepper straws are pulled out after pepper harvesting is finished, mulching films are removed, and stubble-jointing crops are planted after plowing is carried out again, so that the labor cost and material investment are greatly increased, and the profit margin is reduced. Meanwhile, the complete harvest of the peppers is already at the end of 10 months, and at the moment, garlic or broad beans are planted by turning the whole soil again, so that the time is later, the time of marketing is naturally delayed, the price is lower, the planting benefit is influenced, and the planting of the peppers in the next year is also directly influenced.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is how to provide an efficient stubble-grafting planting method for pepper and garlic/broad bean, which can improve economic benefit and lead the time of the crop to appear on the market to be earlier.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, in the middle and later period of pepper harvesting, garlic and broad beans are sown on the surface of the compartment according to a certain plant-row spacing in advance, so that the seeding of the stubble crops is realized in advance, the time of the stubble crops appearing on the market is effectively ensured, and the benefit is increased.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-efficiency stubble-connecting planting method for hot peppers and garlic/broad beans is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) in late ten days of 4 months, covering ditches in a pepper planting field according to the specification of 130cm, opening the chambers, applying organic fertilizer (commercially available organic fertilizer) and compound fertilizer on the surfaces of the chambers, and covering mulching films;
2) in the last ten days of month 5, planting pepper seedlings on the compartment surface covered with the mulching film in a double-row single-plant way, and in month 6, performing field management on the pepper seedlings;
3) harvesting green and red peppers in time after 8 months, and topdressing 15-25kg of compound fertilizer per mu after harvesting for 2 times;
4) sowing garlic or broad beans on the hot pepper compartment surface from the bottom of 9 months to 10 middle ten days of the month, sowing while opening a hole, and covering soil after sowing;
5) dressing compound fertilizer according to the growth condition of garlic or broad beans in the last 11 th-middle 12 th of the month;
6) harvesting garlic sprouts, garlic stems and garlic bulbs in sequence from 12 late ten days to 4 middle ten days of the next year; or collecting green bean pods and old bean pods in sequence;
7) and (4) in late ten days of the next year, preparing soil in time after harvesting, and repeating the steps 1) to 7).
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: according to the method, the growth rules of the pepper and garlic/broad bean seed crops are combined, a technology of once carriage opening and film covering and twice planting is adopted, namely, the carriage surface on which the pepper is fixedly planted, a mulching film and residual nutrient substances in soil are utilized, and the garlic and broad beans are sowed on the carriage surface in advance according to a certain plant row spacing in the middle and later period of pepper harvesting, so that the earlier sowing of the stubble crops is realized, the marketing time of the stubble crops is effectively guaranteed, and the benefit is increased; meanwhile, the black mulching film left after the field planting of the peppers has certain heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and weed prevention effects, labor and material investment of the stubble crops is reduced, and planting cost is saved.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 1), the width of the compartment surface is 80cm, and the width of the ditch is 50 cm.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the width of the compartment surface and the ditch influences the planting density of the peppers. The width of the compartment surface and the ditch is too wide, the number of the fixed plants of the hot pepper is reduced, the land is wasted, and the yield is low; the width of the compartment surface and the ditch is too narrow, the ventilation and the air permeability in the field are reduced, the plant diseases and insect pests are easy to generate, and the field operation is not facilitated. The optimized scheme can not only ensure the number of the plants fixedly planted by the hot pepper, but also ensure the ventilation and air permeability in the field, and is convenient for field operation.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 1), the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 200-300 kg/mu.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: improves the soil structure of the pepper planting field and provides a long-acting fertilizer for the growth of the pepper. The application amount of the preferred organic fertilizer can not only provide fertilizer efficiency supply of the pepper and the garlic (broad beans), improve the pepper quality, but also control the planting cost.
As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, in step 1), a compound fertilizer (N: p2O5：K2O15: 15: 15) the application amount of (A) is 50 kg/mu.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the application amount of the optimized compound fertilizer can promote the rapid growth of the pepper and improve the pepper yield.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 2), the plant spacing of the planted pepper seedlings is 35-40cm, and the row spacing is 50 cm.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 2), the field management of the pepper seedlings is to remove lateral branches below pepper bifurcation.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the side branches below the pepper bifurcation are removed in time, so that the side branches can be prevented from occupying and absorbing the nutrition of pepper plants, the main trunk of the pepper can fully absorb the nutrition, and the normal growth of the pepper is ensured.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 4), when garlic is sowed, the planting distance is kept to be 8cm, the row distance is kept to be 15cm, and the sowing depth is kept to be 8 cm; when broad beans are sowed, the plant spacing is kept at 20cm, the row spacing is kept at 35cm, and the sowing depth is kept at 5 cm.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: effectively improves the seedling rate of the garlic/broad beans, reduces the occurrence of diseases and increases the yield of the garlic/broad beans. During planting, the garlic/broad beans and the pepper plants are planted in the same row, and if the pepper plants are encountered, the pepper plants are skipped.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 5), the topdressing compound fertilizer according to the growth condition of garlic or broad beans comprises the following steps: when the garlic or broad bean seedlings grow well, no compound fertilizer is applied; and when the garlic or broad bean seedlings are weak in growth, dressing 15-25kg of compound fertilizer per mu.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: reasonably topdressing according to local conditions. If the plants are lack of fertilizer (the plants grow weakly and the leaves are yellow), the compound fertilizer is applied to promote the growth and lay a foundation for increasing the yield; if the fertilizer is not lack (the plants grow vigorously and the leaves are dark green), additional fertilizer is not needed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the effect of the present invention in planting pepper seedlings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A high-efficiency stubble-connecting planting method for hot peppers and garlic comprises the following steps:
1) 2-3 months, and raising the seedlings of the peppers by using a floating seedling raising technology; in late ten days of 4 months, covering ditches on a pepper planting field according to the specification of 120cm, opening the ditches, wherein the width of a compartment surface is 80cm, the width of each ditch is 50cm, applying 250 kg/mu of organic fertilizer and 50 kg/mu of compound fertilizer on the compartment surface, and covering a mulching film;
2) in the first ten days of 5 months, double rows of single seedlings are fixedly planted on the compartment surface covered with the mulching film, the row spacing is 50cm, the row spacing is 35cm, and in 6 months, the pepper seedlings are subjected to field management, and lateral branches below the bifurcation of the pepper are removed;
3) harvesting green and red ripe peppers in time after 8 months, and topdressing 20kg of compound fertilizer per mu after harvesting for 2 times;
4) sowing garlic on the pepper compartment surface from the bottom of 9 months to 10 middle ten days of the month, sowing while opening holes, keeping the row spacing of 8cm and the row spacing of 15cm, keeping the sowing depth of 8cm, and covering soil after sowing;
5) in the last 11 th-middle 12 th month, when the garlic seedlings grow well, the compound fertilizer does not need to be applied; when the garlic seedlings are weak in growth, topdressing with 15 kg/mu of compound fertilizer;
6) harvesting garlic sprouts, garlic stems and garlic bulbs in turn from last 12 th month to middle 4 th month of the next year;
7) and (4) in late ten days of the next year, preparing soil in time after harvesting, and repeating the steps 1) to 7).
Example 2
A high-efficiency stubble-connecting planting method for hot peppers and broad beans comprises the following steps:
1) 2-3 months, and raising the seedlings of the peppers by using a floating seedling raising technology; in late ten days of 4 months, covering ditches on a pepper planting field according to the specification of 120cm, opening the ditches, wherein the width of a compartment surface is 80cm, the width of each ditch is 50cm, applying 250 kg/mu of organic fertilizer and 50 kg/mu of compound fertilizer on the compartment surface, and covering a mulching film;
2) in the first ten days of 5 months, double rows of single seedlings are fixedly planted on the compartment surface covered with the mulching film, the row spacing is 50cm, the row spacing is 35cm, and in 6 months, the pepper seedlings are subjected to field management, and lateral branches below the bifurcation of the pepper are removed;
3) harvesting green and red ripe peppers in time after 8 months, and topdressing 20kg of compound fertilizer per mu after harvesting for 2 times;
4) sowing broad beans on the pepper compartment surface from the bottom of 9 months to 10 middle ten days, sowing while opening holes, keeping the plant spacing of 20cm and the row spacing of 35cm, keeping the sowing depth of 5cm, and covering soil after sowing;
5) in the last 11 th-middle 12 th month, when the growth vigor of the broad bean seedlings is good, no compound fertilizer is applied; when the growth vigor of the broad bean seedlings is weak, dressing 15 kg/mu of compound fertilizer;
6) collecting green bean pods and old bean pods in sequence from 3 late ten days of the month to 4 middle ten days of the next year;
7) and (4) in late ten days of the next year, preparing soil in time after harvesting, and repeating the steps 1) to 7).
EXAMPLE 3 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE (Garlic)
A high-efficiency stubble-connecting planting method for hot peppers and garlic comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) growing seedlings of the peppers in 2-3 months by using a floating seedling growing technology, covering ditches and opening boxes in a pepper planting field according to the specification of 130cm in the last ten days of 4 months, wherein the width of a box surface is 80cm, the width of each ditch is 50cm, applying 250 kg/mu of organic fertilizer and 50 kg/mu of compound fertilizer on the box surface, and covering a mulching film;
2) in the first ten days of 5 months, double rows of single seedlings are fixedly planted on the compartment surface covered with the mulching film, the row spacing is 50cm, the row spacing is 35cm, and in 6 months, the pepper seedlings are subjected to field management, and lateral branches below the bifurcation of the pepper are removed;
3) harvesting green and red ripe peppers in time after 8 months, and topdressing 20kg of compound fertilizer per mu after harvesting for 2 times;
4) in the last ten days of 11 months, removing pepper straws and mulching films, turning over the land, opening the carriage according to the carriage width of 200cm and the ditch width of 50cm, and planting garlic on the carriage surface, wherein the planting density is 8cm, and the row spacing is 15 cm;
5) in the last ten days of 11 months to the middle ten days of 12 months, 15kg of compound fertilizer is broadcast to each mu of compartment surface;
6) harvesting garlic sprouts or garlic bolts in sequence from 1 ten days in the middle of the next year to 5 ten days in the middle of the next year;
example 4 comparative example (broad bean)
A high-efficiency stubble-connecting planting method for hot peppers and broad beans comprises the following steps:
1)2, 3 months, seedling the peppers by using a floating seedling raising technology, covering ditches on a pepper planting field according to the specification of 125cm and opening the chambers in the last ten days of 4 months, wherein the width of the chamber surface is 75cm, the width of the ditches is 50cm, applying 250 kg/mu of organic fertilizer and 50 kg/mu of compound fertilizer on the chamber surface, and covering a mulching film;
2) in the first ten days of 5 months, double rows of single seedlings are fixedly planted on the compartment surface covered with the mulching film, the row spacing is 50cm, the row spacing is 35cm, and in 6 months, the pepper seedlings are subjected to field management, and lateral branches below the bifurcation of the pepper are removed;
3) harvesting green and red ripe peppers in time after 8 months, and topdressing 20kg of compound fertilizer per mu after harvesting for 2 times;
4) removing pepper straws and mulching films in last 11 months, sowing broad beans on the pepper compartment surface, keeping the row spacing of 20cm and the row spacing of 35cm, and covering soil after sowing;
5) in 12 ten days of the month, when the growth vigor of the broad bean seedlings is good, no compound fertilizer is applied; when the growth vigor of the broad bean seedlings is weak, dressing 15 kg/mu of compound fertilizer;
6) harvesting green bean pods in 4 middle ten days of the next year;
7) collecting aged bean pods in 5 middle ten days of the next year.
And (3) benefit comparison:
the embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A high-efficiency stubble-connecting planting method for hot peppers and garlic/broad beans is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) in late ten days of 4 months, covering ditches in a pepper planting field according to the specification of 130cm, opening the ditches, applying organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer on the surfaces of the ditches, harrowing, and covering a mulching film;
2) in the last ten days of month 5, planting pepper seedlings on the compartment surface covered with the mulching film in a double-row single-plant way, and in month 6, performing field management on the pepper seedlings;
3) harvesting green and red peppers in time after 8 months, and topdressing 15-25kg of compound fertilizer per mu after harvesting for 2 times;
4) sowing garlic or broad beans on the hot pepper compartment surface from the bottom of 9 months to 10 middle ten days of the month, sowing while opening a hole, and covering soil after sowing;
5) dressing compound fertilizer according to the growth condition of garlic or broad beans in the last 11 th-middle 12 th of the month;
6) harvesting garlic sprouts, garlic stems and garlic bulbs in sequence from 12 late ten days to 4 middle ten days of the next year; or collecting green bean pods and old bean pods in sequence;
7) and (4) in late ten days of the next year, preparing soil in time after harvesting, and repeating the steps 1) to 7).
2. The efficient stubble-connecting planting method for the peppers and the garlic/broad beans as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the width of the compartment surface is 80cm, and the width of the furrow is 50 cm.
3. The efficient stubble-connecting planting method for pepper, garlic and broad beans as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 200-300 kg/mu.
4. The efficient stubble-connecting planting method for the peppers, the garlic and the broad beans as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application amount of the compound fertilizer in the step 1) is 50 kg/mu.
5. The efficient stubble-connecting planting method for pepper and garlic/broad beans as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the row spacing of the pepper seedlings after field planting is 35-40cm, and the line spacing is 50 cm.
6. The method for efficiently grafting and planting the pepper and the garlic/broad beans as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the pepper seedlings are field managed to remove lateral branches below pepper branches.
7. The high-efficiency stubble-connecting planting method for chili and garlic/broad beans as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4), when garlic is sowed, the row spacing and the row spacing are kept at 8cm and 8cm, respectively, and the sowing depth is kept at 15 cm.
8. The efficient stubble-grafting planting method for the peppers and the garlic/the broad beans as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4), when the broad beans are sowed, the row spacing is kept at 20cm, the row spacing is kept at 35cm, and the sowing depth is kept at 5 cm.
9. The efficient stubble-connecting planting method for the hot peppers and the garlic/broad beans as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the topdressing compound fertilizer according to the growth conditions of the garlic or the broad beans comprises the following steps: when the garlic or broad bean seedlings grow well, no compound fertilizer is applied; and when the garlic or broad bean seedlings are weak in growth, dressing 15-25kg of compound fertilizer per mu.
10. The efficient stubble-connecting planting method for the peppers and the garlic/broad beans as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 7), the soil preparation is as follows: the crop straws are pulled out, the ground mulching films and weeds are removed, and a rotary cultivator is used for ploughing the land.
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| CN113099977A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-13 | 江苏康润农业科技发展有限公司 | Efficient pepper stubble-grafting planting method |
| CN113348991A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-09-07 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院蔬菜研究所 | Plateau planting method for peppers |
| CN115349415A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2022-11-18 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Ecological and efficient rice stubble broad bean planting method |
| CN115349415B (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2023-12-19 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Ecological efficient rice stubble broad bean planting method |
| CN115885782A (en) * | 2022-12-08 | 2023-04-04 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Planting method for pepper-lettuce-garlic four-cropping by one film |
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