CN111656557A - 包括具有集成的汇流条的外壳的电池模块 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种电池模块(100),其包括:多个二次电池单元(10),每个电池单元(10)包括彼此间隔开并且彼此电隔离的第一端子(11)和第二端子(12);外壳(30),包括组装在一起以完全围绕所述多个电池单元(10)的上外壳部(32)和下外壳部(31);以及集成在上外壳部(32)中的多个汇流条(150),其中所述多个汇流条(10)中的每个连接到至少两个电池单元(10)的第一和第二端子(11、12)之一。本发明还涉及一种制造电池模块(10)的方法,该方法是快速且容易的,并且对单元高度的波动有高的容忍度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电池模块、具有集成的汇流条的外壳及其制造方法。
背景技术
可再充电电池在许多技术领域中广泛使用,例如低容量可再充电电池用作诸如蜂窝电话、笔记本计算机和便携式摄像机的小型电子设备的电源,而高容量可再充电电池用作混合动力运载工具等的电源。
可再充电电池或二次电池与一次电池不同在于它们可以重复地充电和放电,而后者仅提供化学能到电能的不可逆转换。
单位电池单元包括电极组件、接收电极组件的壳体和电连接到电极组件的电极端子,电极组件包括正电极、负电极和插置在正电极与负电极之间的隔板。电解质溶液被注入到壳体中,以便使电池能够经由正电极、负电极和电解质溶液的电化学反应进行充电和放电。此外,电池单元包括分别电连接到正电极和负电极并且延伸到壳体外部的正端子和负端子。
一般,电池模块由串联和/或并联联接的多个单位电池单元形成,从而提供所需的能量密度,例如用于电动运载工具的高功率可再充电电池。为了串联或并联连接电池单元,相邻电池单元的电极端子通过所谓的“汇流条”连接。汇流条通常是电连接到两个或更多个电池单元的电极端子的金属板,并借助螺钉等被手动地固定到所述电极端子。因此,在电池单元之间施加汇流条可能结果是漫长且费力的。
备选地,可以使用用于汇流条的保持框架,即所谓的电池连接单元(CCU)。CCU由诸如塑料的电绝缘材料制成,并且汇流条被预组装在CCU中。然后,可以在单个步骤中将汇流条安装在相应的电极端子上。因为CCU在汇流条安装于端子上之前将汇流条保持在其位置中,所以与单独的汇流条的施加相比,电池连接单元的施加得到简化。
然而,因为不得不手动地将单独的汇流条预组装在电池连接单元上,所以整体制造工艺仍然相当困难且耗时。此外,因为汇流条在安装于电池单元上之前被固定到CCU,所以不可能补偿单元高度的意外波动。因此,当使用CCU时,对电池单元的位置和高度的容忍度非常低。另外,塑料框架的使用增大了电池模块内的总体积。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明的目的是克服或减少现有技术的缺点中的至少一些,并提供具有简化的组装过程并可补偿电池单元高度上的较小变化的电池模块。
技术方案
通过本发明的包括具有集成的汇流条的外壳的电池模块以及通过根据本发明的制造电池的方法,可以避免或减少现有技术的缺点中的一个或更多个。
具体地,根据本发明的一方面,提供了一种电池模块,其包括:多个二次电池单元,每个电池单元包括彼此间隔开并且彼此电隔离的第一端子和第二端子,第一端子和第二端子具有相反的极性;外壳,包括组装在一起以完全围绕所述多个电池单元的上外壳部和下外壳部;以及集成在上外壳部中的多个汇流条,其中所述多个汇流条中的每个连接到至少两个电池单元的第一端子和第二端子之一。
例如,汇流条可以连接到第一电池单元的第一端子并连接到与第一电池单元相邻的第二电池单元的第二端子。
上外壳部优选地覆盖电池模块的除一侧以外的所有侧,下外壳部覆盖上外壳部的敞开侧。优选地,上外壳部覆盖电池模块的顶侧和四个横向侧,而下外壳部覆盖电池模块的底侧。
优选地,上外壳部具有矩形六面体(或矩形盒)的形状,该矩形六面体包括覆盖电池模块的顶侧的顶部和从顶部的四个边缘延伸并覆盖电池模块的四个横向侧的四个侧部。
顶部可以包括用于至少部分地暴露汇流条的开口。汇流条的暴露部分可以对应于第一端子和第二端子接触汇流条的位置。汇流条可以由导电材料制成。优选地,汇流条可以由铝制成。
优选地,上外壳部还包括用于将电池模块内的电池单元分开的分隔壁。
优选地,电池模块还包括热交换构件,其提供在所述多个电池单元与下外壳部之间用于冷却电池单元。热交换构件可以包括具有通道的冷却板。优选地,冷却板由铝制成。冷却板可以借助夹具连接到下外壳部。优选地,导热层进一步提供在所述多个电池单元与热交换构件之间,用于确保所述多个电池单元与热交换构件之间的热接触。
优选地,汇流条被焊接到电池单元的对应的第一端子和第二端子。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种运载工具,其包括如上所限定的电池模块。
根据本发明的又一方面,一种制造电池模块的方法包括:提供具有集成的汇流条的上外壳部,该上外壳部具有一侧敞开的矩形六面体的形状;通过敞开的一侧将多个电池单元插入到上外壳部中,使得电池单元的第一端子和第二端子向下延伸以接触汇流条;将下外壳部组装在上外壳部上,以形成包围电池单元的外壳。
优选地,上外壳部包括顶部和从顶部的四个边缘延伸的四个侧部。优选地,汇流条被集成在上外壳部的顶部中。
优选地,上外壳部通过注塑成型塑料材料形成。塑料材料可以是PP GF30或PAGF30。优选地,所述多个汇流条形成为集成在上外壳部的顶部中的引线框架。优选地,上外壳部通过包覆成型(over-mold)汇流条而形成。上外壳部的顶部可以包括暴露汇流条的至少一部分的开口。
优选地,汇流条可以通过焊接附接到电池单元的相应的第一端子和第二端子。优选地,焊接通过上外壳部的顶部中的开口从外壳的外部被自动化地执行。
优选地,在将下外壳部组装到上外壳部之前,在下外壳部的第一表面上提供热交换构件用于冷却电池单元,并且将下外壳部组装在上外壳部上,使得热交换构件面对电池单元。
优选地,在将电池单元插入到上外壳部中之后并且在将下外壳部组装到上外壳部之前,在热交换构件上提供导热层。导热层可以由导热胶或弹性热界面材料(TIM)制成,即,导热层可以由包含导热物质(例如铝氢氧化物或铝氧化物)的导热的一种或两种组分的粘合剂或垫(诸如聚氨酯、环氧树脂或硅树脂制成。
有益效果
根据示例性实施方式,可以提供一种电池模块,其具有简化的组装过程并可补偿电池单元高度上的较小变化。
附图说明
通过参照附图详细描述示例性实施方式,特征对本领域普通技术人员将变得明显,附图中:
图1示出了常规电池模块的示意性透视图;
图2示出了一示例性电池单元的示意性剖视图;
图3示出了根据本发明的汇流条的一示例性实施方式的示意性透视图;
图4示出了根据本发明的具有集成的汇流条的外壳的一示例性实施方式的示意性透视图;
图5至图7示出了根据本发明的一实施方式的电池模块的组装步骤;以及
图8a和8b示出了根据本发明的电池模块的剖视图。
具体实施方式
现在将详细参照实施方式,其示例在附图中示出。将参照附图描述示例性实施方式的效果和特征及其实现方法。在附图中,同样的附图标记表示同样的元件,并且多余的描述被省略。
将理解,当膜、区域或元件被称为“在”另一膜、区域或元件“之上”或“上”时,其可以直接在所述另一膜、区域或元件上,或者也可以存在居间的膜、区域或元件。
这里,术语“上”和“下”根据z轴来定义。例如,上外壳位于z轴的上部,而下外壳位于其下部。在附图中,为清楚起见,元件的尺寸可以被夸大。例如,在附图中,出于说明的目的,可以任意地示出每个元件的尺寸或厚度,因此本发明的实施方式不应被解释为限制于此。
除非另有说明,否则贯穿附图和书面描述,同样的附图标记表示同样的元件,因此将不重复其描述。
参照图1,示出了常规电池模块100,其包括在一个方向(X方向)上对准的多个电池单元10。图2示出了图1中的一示例性电池单元10的沿YZ平面截取的剖视图。
如图2所绘,电池单元10包括电极组件80和用于容纳电极组件80的壳体26。电池单元10还可以包括用于密封壳体26的开口的盖组件14。电池单元10将被描述为构造成具有棱柱形状即矩形六面体形状的锂离子二次电池的非限制性示例。然而,壳体的形状可以根据器件的预期目的和设计而变化,例如,单元也可以具有圆柱形状。
电极组件80可以通过将其间具有隔板83的正电极81和负电极82螺旋地卷绕而形成为果冻卷型电极组件。正电极81和负电极82可以分别包括由薄金属箔形成的集流体的其上可涂覆活性材料的涂覆区域,并且可以分别包括集流体的其上未涂覆活性材料的正电极未涂覆区域81a和负电极未涂覆区域82a。作为非限制性示例,正电极81的涂覆区域可以通过用诸如过渡金属氧化物等的活性材料涂覆由诸如铝箔的金属箔形成的基底材料而形成。此外,负电极82的涂覆区域可以通过用诸如碳、石墨等的活性材料涂覆由诸如铜箔或镍箔的金属箔形成的基底材料而形成。
正电极未涂覆区域81a和负电极未涂覆区域82a可以相对于涂覆区域在彼此相反侧上。电极组件80可以与电解质溶液一起被容纳在壳体26中。电解质溶液可以由锂盐(诸如LiPF6或LiBF4)和有机溶剂(诸如EC、PC、DEC、EMC或EMC)制成。电解质溶液可以处于液态、固态或凝胶态。壳体26可以被构造为具有基本上长方体形状,并且可以在其一侧形成开口。壳体26可以由诸如铝的金属形成。
盖组件14被提供有具有不同极性的正电极端子11和负电极端子12(分别为第一端子和第二端子)以及排气口13。正端子11和负端子12分别电连接到正电极81和负电极82。排气口13是电池单元10的安全装置,其用作电池单元10中产生的气体通过其排出到电池单元10外部的通道。通常,电池单元10全部布置为具有在相同方向上延伸的电极端子11和12。在当前情况下,电极端子11和12向上延伸。
电池模块100包括包围电池单元10以保护电池单元10的外壳30。外壳30包括上外壳部32和下外壳部31,上外壳部32形成为在底部具有敞开侧的矩形六面体的形状,下外壳部31位于电池模块100的底侧并且适配为组装到上外壳部32以形成外壳30。
一般,电池单元10在充电/放电的同时产生大量的热。所产生的热积聚在电池单元10中,从而加速电池单元10的恶化。因此,电池模块100还包括热交换构件110,该热交换构件110邻近电池单元10的底表面提供,从而冷却电池单元10。
热交换构件110可以包括冷却板,该冷却板被提供为具有与多个电池单元10的底表面的尺寸对应的尺寸,例如,该冷却板可以与电池模块100中的所有电池单元10的全体底表面完全重叠。冷却板通常包括冷却剂可流过其的通道。冷却剂在热交换构件110内即在冷却板内循环的同时执行与电池单元10的热交换。此外,由橡胶或其他弹性材料制成的弹性构件120可以插置在下外壳部31与热交换构件110之间。
电池单元10借助常规汇流条15串联和/或并联连接,常规汇流条15是连接相邻电池单元10的正电极端子11和负电极端子12的金属板。因此,通过将多个电池单元10电连接成一捆,电池模块100可以用作电源单元。
像图1所绘那些的常规汇流条15通过用螺母16和螺钉或通过焊接固定到电极端子,即,不得不手动地将它们安装在电池模块100上。因此,在电池单元之间施加汇流条15可以结果是漫长且费力的。
根据本发明,采用了改善的汇流条,其集成在电池模块100的外壳30中。
图3示出了根据本发明的汇流条150的一示例性实施方式的示意性透视图,图4示出了根据本发明的具有集成的汇流条150的外壳的一示例性实施方式的示意性透视图。
根据本发明的一实施方式,汇流条150被形成为引线框架以集成在电池模块100的上外壳部32中。在图3所示的特定实施方式中,示出了12s3p配置,即,其中电池单元10的十二个组串联连接、每一组包括并联连接的三个电池单元的配置。然而,本发明不限于此,其他配置以及不同数量的电池单元是可能的。
汇流条150被集成在上外壳部32的顶部32a中,即,汇流条150被集成在上外壳部32的覆盖电池模块100的上侧的部分中。
图4示出了具有集成的汇流条150的上外壳部32的示意性透视图。上外壳部32具有包括顶部32a和从顶部32a延伸的四个侧部32b、32c的矩形六面体(即矩形盒)的形式。上外壳部32的与顶部32a相反的底侧是敞开的。汇流条150由嵌入在上外壳部32的顶部32a中的金属性板构成。汇流条150由导电材料制成,例如,汇流条150可以由铝制成。电池外壳30通过注塑成型形成。汇流条150镶嵌在下模具侧(lower tooling side),并且当注塑成型模具用上模具侧闭合时,汇流条150被夹持在下模具侧与上模具侧之间。然后注入塑料材料。在从模具移除部件之后,汇流条150上的夹持面建立到电池单元的端子的连接和焊接区。
电池外壳30由诸如增强塑料的绝缘材料制成。例如,电池外壳30可以由PP GF30、PA GF30等制成。电池外壳30包括在顶部32a中暴露汇流条150的多个开口33用于焊接。
在下文中,将参照图5、图6和图7说明根据本发明的电池模块的制造方法。
图5示出了将电池单元10组装到外壳30中。在第一步中,将上外壳部32上下翻转,使得包括汇流条150的顶部32a定位在底部。然后,在第一端子11和第二端子12朝向上外壳部32的顶部32a向下延伸的情形下将多个电池单元10插入上外壳部32,使得电池单元10的第一端子11和第二端子12与对应的汇流条150的暴露部分接触。汇流条150通过焊接固定到对应的第一端子11和第二端子12。
因为电池单元10在电极端子11、12向下延伸的情形下插入到外壳30中,所以对于所有电池单元10,由于作用在电池单元10上的重力或在每个电池单元10的底侧上的单独的力而实现在电极端子11、12与对应的汇流条150之间的接触,而不受单独的电池单元150的高度影响。因此,焊接可以针对所有电池单元10通过外壳30的顶部32a中的开口33被自动化地执行,即,借助机器或机器人执行。
因此,根据本发明,因为汇流条150被集成在外壳30的顶部32a中,所以汇流条150到电极端子11、12的组装可以被简化,使得汇流条150通过外壳被保持在所需位置,并且当将电池单元插入到外壳中时,自动发生电池单元10的电极端子与对应汇流条之间的接触。
因为电池单元的组装被上下颠倒地执行,所以即使当电池单元具有不同的高度时,也可以容易地实现电极端子与汇流条之间的接触。因此,提高了对电池单元的高度波动的容忍度。
此外,因为不需要额外的CCU来预组装汇流条并将汇流条保持在其位置中,所以可以减小电池模块的整体尺寸。
图6示出了在将下外壳部31组装到上外壳部32上之前下外壳部31和其中已插入了电池单元10的上外壳部32的透视图。因为电池单元10被上下颠倒,所以在电池单元10的与上外壳部32的顶部32a相反的一侧可能发生在上外壳部中的电池单元10之间的单元高度差异。为了补偿所述差异,导热层70沉积在位于下外壳部31上的热交换构件110上,以确保电池单元10的单元壳体26与热交换构件110之间的热连接。导热层70可以由导热胶或弹性热界面材料制成,诸如包含导热物质(例如铝氢氧化物或铝氧化物)的导热的一种或两种组分的粘合剂或垫,诸如聚氨酯、环氧树脂或硅酮。
热交换构件110位于下外壳部31上。热交换构件110可以包括借助夹具等连接到下外壳部31的铝冷却器。
最后,具有热交换构件110的下外壳部31被组装到上外壳部32以密封电池。
图7示出了组装后的电池模块100的底部透视图。下外壳部31包括与热交换构件110的冷却剂馈送接口111对应的冷却开口31a,冷却剂通过该冷却剂馈送接口111被输入到热交换构件110中或从热交换构件110排出。
图8a和图8b示出了处于直立位置的电池模块100的剖视图。根据示出的实施方式,电池单元10在外壳30中组装成两排,每一排包括18个电池单元,其中电池单元10被分成12组,每一组包括并联连接的3个电池单元。外壳30还包括将一组电池单元10与其他组分开的分隔壁34。在当前情况下,一个纵向的分隔壁34c平行于上外壳部32的长侧部分32c,六个短的分隔壁34b平行于上外壳部32的短侧32b。然而,本发明不限于此,不同数量的电池单元或不同的配置是可能的。
尽管已经关于本发明的如上所述的优选实施方式说明了本发明,但是将理解,在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下,可以进行许多其他可能的修改和变化。因此,考虑到的是,所附的一个或多个权利要求将覆盖落入本发明范围内的这样的修改和变化。
Claims (15)
1.一种电池模块(100),包括:
多个二次电池单元(10),每个电池单元(10)包括彼此间隔开并且彼此电隔离的第一端子(11)和第二端子(12);
外壳(30),包括组装在一起以包围所述多个电池单元(10)的上外壳部(32)和下外壳部(31);
多个汇流条(150),集成在所述上外壳部(32)中用于电连接相邻的电池单元(10);
其中所述多个汇流条中的每个连接到至少两个电池单元(10)的第一和第二端子(11、12)之一。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池模块,其中所述上外壳部(32)具有矩形六面体的形状,该六面体包括顶部(32a)和从所述顶部(32a)的四个边缘延伸的四个侧部(32b、32c)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电池模块,其中所述顶部(32a)包括用于至少部分地暴露所述汇流条(150)的开口(33)。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的电池模块,其中所述上外壳部(32)还包括用于将所述电池模块(100)内的所述电池单元(10)分开的分隔壁(34)。
5.根据前述权利要求之一所述的电池模块,还包括:
热交换构件(110),提供在所述多个电池单元(10)与所述下外壳部(31)之间用于冷却所述电池单元(10);以及
导热层(70),提供在所述多个电池单元(10)与所述热交换构件(110)之间用于确保所述多个电池单元(10)与所述热交换构件(110)之间的热接触。
6.根据前述权利要求之一所述的电池模块,其中所述汇流条(150)被焊接到所述电池单元(10)的对应的第一和第二端子(11、12)。
7.根据前述权利要求之一所述的电池模块,其中所述汇流条(150)是嵌入在所述上外壳部(32)中的金属性板。
8.一种运载工具,包括根据前述权利要求之一所述的电池模块(100)。
9.一种制造电池模块(100)的方法,包括:
提供具有集成的汇流条(150)的上外壳部(32),所述上外壳部(32)具有一侧敞开的矩形六面体的形状;
通过敞开的所述一侧将多个电池单元(10)插入到所述上外壳部(32)中,使得所述电池单元(10)的第一和第二端子(11、12)向下延伸以接触所述汇流条(150);
将下外壳部(31)组装在所述上外壳部(32)上,以形成包围所述多个电池单元(10)的外壳(30)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述上外壳部(32)包括顶部(32a)和从所述顶部(32a)的四个边缘延伸的四个侧部(32b、32c),以及
其中所述汇流条(150)被集成在所述顶部(32a)中。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述顶部(32a)包括暴露所述汇流条(150)的至少一部分的开口(33)。
12.根据权利要求9至11之一所述的方法,其中所述上外壳部(32)通过注塑成型塑料材料而形成,以及其中所述汇流条(150)是嵌入在所述上外壳部(32)中的金属性板。
13.根据权利要求11至12之一所述的方法,其中所述汇流条(150)通过所述开口(33)被焊接到所述电池单元(10)的对应的第一和第二端子(11、12)。
14.根据权利要求9至13之一所述的方法,还包括:
在将所述下外壳部(31)组装到所述上外壳部(32)之前,在所述下外壳部(31)的第一表面上提供用于冷却所述电池单元(10)的热交换构件(110);以及
将所述下外壳部(31)组装在所述上外壳部(32)上,使得所述热交换构件(110)面对所述电池单元(10)。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,还包括:
在将所述电池单元(10)插入到所述上外壳部(32)中之后并且在将所述下外壳部(31)组装到所述上外壳部(32)之前,在所述热交换构件(110)上提供导热层(70)。
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US20200381694A1 (en) | 2020-12-03 |
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