CN111648140A - 一种涤纶面料的染色工艺 - Google Patents

一种涤纶面料的染色工艺 Download PDF

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CN111648140A
CN111648140A CN202010597166.1A CN202010597166A CN111648140A CN 111648140 A CN111648140 A CN 111648140A CN 202010597166 A CN202010597166 A CN 202010597166A CN 111648140 A CN111648140 A CN 111648140A
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罗国其
陈立锋
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Shaoxing Zeping Printing And Dyeing Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及面料染整的技术领域，公开了一种涤纶面料的染色工艺，将涤纶坯布进行如下步骤进行：S1：预定型；S2：退浆；S3：水洗中和；S4：染色，将水洗中和后的坯布进行染色，所用染料的各物质以重量份计为：分散染料15‑25份、分散剂10‑20份、丙三醇2‑6份、异辛酸聚氧乙烯醚硫酸酯1‑3份、二聚季戊四醇六羟基硬脂酸酯3‑8份、匀染剂40‑80份、醋酸3‑9份以及水150‑210份；S5：连续清洗；S6：脱水；S7：开幅；S8：定型；经过S8定型后的坯布即为染色完毕的涤纶面料。能够提高涤纶面料染色的色牢度。

Description

一种涤纶面料的染色工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及面料染整的技术领域，更具体地说，它涉及一种涤纶面料的染色工艺。
背景技术
涤纶是纺织品中应用较为广泛、综合性能较为优异的合成纤维。涤纶长丝织物织造前必须进行上浆，使丝条表面包覆一层光滑、柔韧而牢固的浆膜，以增强涤纶长丝的抱合力和耐磨性，使之能够承受织造过程中的各种摩擦力和张力，使织造生产在优质高产的要求下顺利进行。
涤纶纤维是由聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯制成的疏水性纤维，由于涤纶分子链结构紧密，缺乏羧基、磺基等亲水性基团而不能用直接染料、酸性染料、碱性染料等染色，现有的染色方法大都采用高温高压、热熔或载体存在条件下用分散染料染色。
由于涤纶纤维采用分散染料，而涤纶纤维分子间的空隙较小，且缺乏亲水性的基团，因此，使用分散染料上染涤纶布之后，其色牢度较低，因此亟需提供一种色牢度高的涤纶面料的染色工艺。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种涤纶面料的染色工艺，能够提高涤纶面料染色的色牢度。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的：
一种涤纶面料的染色工艺，将涤纶坯布进行如下步骤进行：
S1：预定型，将坯布进行预定型；
S2：退浆，将经过S1处理后的坯布进行退浆；
S3：水洗中和，将经过S2处理后的坯布进行水洗中和；
S4：染色，将水洗中和后的坯布进行染色，所用染料的各物质以重量份计为：分散染料15-25份、分散剂10-20份、丙三醇2-6份、异辛酸聚氧乙烯醚硫酸酯1-3份、二聚季戊四醇六羟基硬脂酸酯3-8份、匀染剂40-80份、醋酸3-9份以及水150-210份；
S5：连续清洗，将经过S4处理后的坯布进行连续清洗；
S6：脱水，将经过S5处理后的坯布进行脱水；
S7：开幅，将经过S6处理后的坯布进行开幅；
S8：定型，将经过S7处理后的坯布进行定型；
经过S8定型后的坯布即为染色完毕的涤纶面料。
通过采用上述技术方案，分散染料由于自身分子结构体积较小，属于涤纶面料的专用染料，在分散剂的作用下能够上染至涤纶纤维分子之间。丙三醇本身是一种优良的润湿剂以及渗透剂，一方面对分散染料具有润湿作用，另一方面，能够使得分散染料在涤纶纤维中的渗透性增强，从而能够使得分散染料在涤纶纤维分子中的上染率增高。异辛酸聚氧乙烯醚硫酸酯能够促进分散染料在水中的分散性，同时异辛酸聚氧乙烯醚硫酸酯与二聚季戊四醇六羟基硬脂酸酯共同作用，提高分散染料与涤纶纤维分子之间的分子间的作用力，使得分散染料与涤纶纤维之间的结合牢度提高，最终能够提高分散染料对于涤纶面料的色牢度。
由于匀染剂的存在，能够使得分散染料对涤纶纤维上染的时候更加均匀，降低涤纶面料染色后的浮色产生，从而能够使得后续涤纶面料水洗的过程中脱色较少，减少了分散染料的浪费。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述分散剂为木质素磺酸钠。
通过采用上述技术方案，木质素磺酸钠能够促进分散染料均匀的分散在染液中，防止分散染料发生团聚结块。同时，由于丙三醇的存在，能够提高木质素磺酸钠在染液中的分散效果，使得分散染料能够分散的更加均匀。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述分散剂中还包括十二烷基苯磺酸钠以及琥珀酸钠，并且木质素磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠以及琥珀酸钠三者的质量比为4:8:3。
通过采用上述技术方案，木质素磺酸钠与十二烷基苯磺酸钠共同作用，能够使得分散染料具有增容作用，同时在琥珀酸钠、木质素磺酸钠以及十二烷基苯磺酸钠三者的共同作用，能够促进分散染料更快的进入只涤纶纤维分子内，从而提高分散染料对涤纶的上染率。
作为本发明的进一步改进，S5连续清洗之后，将坯布使用还有固色剂的固色液进行浸泡20-30min，浴比1:50；所述固色剂的原料包括三乙烯四胺。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述固色剂的原料以重量份计包括三乙烯四胺40-60份、季戊四醇硬脂酸酯10-15份以及三偏磷酸钠20-50份。
通过采用上述技术方案，首先，三乙烯四胺在水溶液中呈碱性，溶解在水中的时候能够提高分散染料与涤纶纤维之间的亲和力。季戊四醇硬脂酸酯能够提高三乙烯四胺与涤纶之间的润滑效果，三偏磷酸钠与三乙烯四胺共同作用，能够与涤纶纤维以范德华力的形式相结合，从而能够提高三乙烯四胺与涤纶纤维的作用力，使得三乙烯四胺对涤纶纤维的作用时间更长。涤纶坯布经过浸泡，能够将涤纶坯布上的浮色除去，从而避免后续在高温定型下而使得分散染料从涤纶纤维中迁移出来而产生更多的浮色，从而减少了分散染料的浪费。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述S4染色，先按重量份计无先后顺序的将分散染料、分散剂、丙三醇、异辛酸聚氧乙烯醚硫酸酯、二聚季戊四醇六羟基硬脂酸酯、匀染剂、醋酸以及水添加至染液桶内搅拌10min，浴比1:50，加热至50℃，持续搅拌40min，然后将染液输送至染色机内，接着将染色机内染液的温度升温至75℃，然后再将染色液温度升至135℃，保温50min，然后将染色机内染液的温度降至70℃，染色结束。
通过采用上述技术方案，通过在染色初期，温度控制为75℃，避免染色初期温度太高而导致染色不均的情况出现。涤纶布料的染色在75℃上升至135℃的过程中能够使得染液的大部分能够上染在涤纶不上，接着将温度升高至135℃，能够使得后续的少部分染液上染在涤纶布上，从而能够使得布料的上染率得到提高。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述S4染色中，先以1.8℃/min的升温速度将染液升温至75℃，然后保温染色5min，然后以1.2℃/min的升温速度将染液升温至135℃；最后以2.4℃/min的降温速度将保温结束后的染液降温之后70℃。
通过采用上述技术方案，上染初期，通过将升温速率控制为1.8℃/min，能够在提高染色速率的前提下，还能够保证染液在涤纶坯布上染色均匀。保温5min，能够使得分散染料能够上染的更加完全。此时，大部分的染液已经上染在涤纶坯布上，降低升温速率，能够使得后续的上染更加均匀。最后，将降温速率控制在2.4℃/min，能够使得染料固着在涤纶坯布上，提高最终涤纶布料的色牢度。加快降温速率，能够防止染料在降温的时候发生分解。
作为本发明的进一步改进，S8定型，将经过S7开幅后的坯布放入热定型机内，然后将热定型机的温度调整为170℃，保温45s，热定型后进行冷却，冷却温度为25℃，冷却时间为40min。
通过采用上述技术方案，涤纶布进入热定型机后，温度达到170℃后保温45s，则完全将涤纶布的尺寸稳定下来，不会发生涤纶布经向和纬向的偏差，并且在此温度和时间内也完全将涤纶布烘干，有效的增强了涤纶布爽滑、强力和挺括的手感；然后经过40min将涤纶布料冷却至25℃，防止冷却速度过快而损伤布料。
综上所述，本发明的优点和有益效果是：
1、异辛酸聚氧乙烯醚硫酸酯能够促进分散染料在水中的分散性，同时异辛酸聚氧乙烯醚硫酸酯与二聚季戊四醇六羟基硬脂酸酯共同作用，提高分散染料与涤纶纤维分子之间的分子间的作用力，使得分散染料与涤纶纤维之间的结合牢度提高，最终能够提高分散染料对于涤纶面料的色牢度；
2、木质素磺酸钠与十二烷基苯磺酸钠共同作用，能够使得分散染料具有增容作用，同时在琥珀酸钠、木质素磺酸钠以及十二烷基苯磺酸钠三者的共同作用，能够促进分散染料更快的进入只涤纶纤维分子内，从而提高分散染料对涤纶的上染率；
3、三乙烯四胺在水溶液中呈碱性，溶解在水中的时候能够提高分散染料与涤纶纤维之间的亲和力。季戊四醇硬脂酸酯能够提高三乙烯四胺与涤纶之间的润滑效果，三偏磷酸钠与三乙烯四胺共同作用，能够与涤纶纤维以范德华力的形式相结合，从而能够提高三乙烯四胺与涤纶纤维的作用力，使得三乙烯四胺对涤纶纤维的作用时间更长。涤纶坯布经过浸泡，能够将涤纶坯布上的浮色除去，从而避免后续在高温定型下而使得分散染料从涤纶纤维中迁移出来而产生更多的浮色，从而减少了分散染料的浪费。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种涤纶面料的染色工艺的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明作进一步详细描述。
实施例1：
参照图1，一种涤纶面料的染色工艺，将涤纶坯布进行如下步骤操作：
S1：预定型。将坯布进行预定型。先将选定好的涤纶坯布输送至热定型机内,再将热定型机的温度调节至180℃，持续7min，然后将涤纶面料冷却至室温。
S2：退浆。将经过S1处理后的坯布输送至浸轧机内，并且添加退浆液，退浆液的各物质组成包括烧碱40g/L以及去油精炼剂10g/L。添加时，先将烧碱加入至浸轧机内，搅拌15min；然后将去油精炼剂添加至浸轧机内，控制浴比1:30，搅拌40min；接着将涤纶坯布在浸轧机内浸轧5h。
S3：水洗中和。将经过S2处理后的坯布放入水洗机内进行水洗中和，使用清水冲洗数次。
S4：染色。将水洗中和后的坯布进行染色，所用染料的各物质以重量份计为：
分散染料20份、分散剂15份、丙三醇4份、异辛酸聚氧乙烯醚硫酸酯2份、二聚季戊四醇六羟基硬脂酸酯5份、匀染剂60份、醋酸6份以及水180份，其中分散剂由木质素磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠以及琥珀酸钠组成，并且三者的质量比为4:8:3。匀染剂包括十八烷基异氰酸酯、氯化苄以及甲苯，并且三者的质量比为16:7:28。先按重量份计无先后顺序的将分散染料、分散剂、丙三醇、异辛酸聚氧乙烯醚硫酸酯、二聚季戊四醇六羟基硬脂酸酯、十八烷基异氰酸酯、氯化苄、甲苯、醋酸以及水添加至染液桶内搅拌10min，浴比1:50，加热至50℃，持续搅拌40min，然后将染液输送至染色机内，接着将染色机内染液的温度以1.8℃/min的升温速度将染液升温至75℃，然后保温染色5min，接着以1.2℃/min的升温速度将染液升温至135℃，保温50min，然后将染色机内染液以2.4℃/min的降温速度将染液的温度降至70℃，染色结束。
S5：连续清洗。将经过S4处理后的坯布输送至工业水洗机内使用清水反复冲洗20min，然后将涤纶坯布输送至添加有固色液水洗池内，浸泡25min，固色液由固色剂与水混合配置而成，浴比1:50，固色剂的原料以重量份计包括三乙烯四胺50份、季戊四醇硬脂酸酯13份以及三偏磷酸钠30份。然后将固色后的坯布涤纶坯布再次输送只水洗机内使用清水冲洗5min，连续水洗结束。
S6：脱水。将经过S5处理后的坯布输送至脱水机内进行脱水。
S7：开幅。将经过S6处理后的坯布输送至开幅机内进行开幅。
S8：定型。将经过S7开幅后的坯布放入热定型机内，然后将热定型机的温度调整为170℃，保温45s，热定型后进行冷却，冷却温度为25℃，冷却时间为40min。
进行成品检测，最后打卷包装得到染色完毕的涤纶面料。
实施例2与实施例1的区别在于，S4染色中，染料中的分散剂为分散剂MF。
实施例3与实施例1的区别在于，S4染色中，染料中的分散剂为木质素磺酸钠。
实施例4与实施例1的区别在于，S5：连续清洗。将经过S4处理后的坯布输送至工业水洗机内使用清水反复冲洗20min，连续水洗结束。
实施例5与实施例1的区别在于，S5：固色剂的原料以重量份计包括三乙烯四胺50份。
实施例6与实施例1的区别在于，S4：染色。将水洗中和后的坯布进行染色，所用染料的各物质以重量份计为：分散染料20份、分散剂15份、丙三醇4份、异辛酸聚氧乙烯醚硫酸酯2份、二聚季戊四醇六羟基硬脂酸酯5份、匀染剂60份、醋酸6份以及水180份，其中分散剂由木质素磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠以及琥珀酸钠组成，并且三者的质量比为4:8:3。匀染剂包括十八烷基异氰酸酯、氯化苄以及甲苯，并且三者的质量比为16:7:28。先按重量份计无先后顺序的将分散染料、分散剂、丙三醇、异辛酸聚氧乙烯醚硫酸酯、二聚季戊四醇六羟基硬脂酸酯、十八烷基异氰酸酯、氯化苄、甲苯、醋酸以及水添加至染液桶内搅拌10min，浴比1:50，加热至50℃，持续搅拌40min，然后将染液输送至染色机内，接着将染色机内染液的温度以1℃/min的升温速度将染液升温至75℃，然后保温染色5min，接着以1℃/min的升温速度将染液升温至135℃，保温50min，然后将染色机内染液以1℃/min的降温速度将染液的温度降至70℃，染色结束。
实施例7-10与实施例1的区别在于，S4染色中，所用染料的各物质以重量份计如表1所示：单位：份
表1
Figure BDA0002557790580000061
Figure BDA0002557790580000071
实施例11-14与实施例1的区别在于，S5连续清洗中涤纶坯布在固色液中浸泡的时间如表2所示：单位：min
表2
实施例 实施例11 实施例12 实施例13 实施例14
时间 20 30 23 28
对比例1：与实施例1的区别在于，S4染色中染料的各物质以重量份计为：分散染料15-25份、分散剂10-20份、匀染剂40-80份、醋酸3-9份以及水150-210份。
对比例2：与实施例1的区别在于，S4染色中染料的各物质以重量份计为：分散染料15-25份、分散剂10-20份、丙三醇2-6份、匀染剂40-80份、醋酸3-9份以及水150-210份。
对比例3：与实施例1的区别在于，S4染色中染料的各物质以重量份计为：分散染料15-25份、分散剂10-20份、丙三醇2-6份、异辛酸聚氧乙烯醚硫酸酯1-3份、匀染剂40-80份、醋酸3-9份以及水150-210份。
性能检测
检测样品：采用实施例1-14中得到的涤纶布作为试验样品1-14，采用对比例1-3中获得的涤纶布作为对照样品1-3。
检测方法：采用下述的标准测试标准检测试验样品1-14和对照样品1-3的摩擦牢度和耐洗牢度，并且将检测数据记录至表3中。色牢度测试的方法为：耐洗牢度GB/T3921.1-1997；耐摩擦牢度(干摩、湿摩)GB3920-83；耐汗渍牢度GB/T3922-1995。
上染率的计算：用残液法在723型分光光度计上测定，并计算T时刻的上染率：上染率E＝[(A0-AT)/A0]×100％；式中：A0为原溶液的吸光度；AT为T时刻时染色残液的吸光度。
表3
Figure BDA0002557790580000072
Figure BDA0002557790580000081
试验结果：
试验样品1-14和对比样品1-3的检测结果得知，采用实施例1记载的技术方案得到的人棉布料的耐洗牢度、耐摩擦牢度、耐汗渍牢度以及上染率最高，因此，采用采用实施例1记载的技术方案能够得到色牢度高的涤纶面料。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例，凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种涤纶面料的染色工艺，其特征在于：将涤纶坯布进行如下步骤进行：
S1：预定型，将坯布进行预定型；
S2：退浆，将经过S1处理后的坯布进行退浆；
S3：水洗中和，将经过S2处理后的坯布进行水洗中和；
S4：染色，将水洗中和后的坯布进行染色，所用染料的各物质以重量份计为：分散染料15-25份、分散剂10-20份、丙三醇2-6份、异辛酸聚氧乙烯醚硫酸酯1-3份、二聚季戊四醇六羟基硬脂酸酯3-8份、匀染剂40-80份、醋酸3-9份以及水150-210份；
S5：连续清洗，将经过S4处理后的坯布进行连续清洗；
S6：脱水，将经过S5处理后的坯布进行脱水；
S7：开幅，将经过S6处理后的坯布进行开幅；
S8：定型，将经过S7处理后的坯布进行定型；
经过S8定型后的坯布即为染色完毕的涤纶面料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种涤纶面料的染色工艺，其特征在于：所述分散剂为木质素磺酸钠。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种涤纶面料的染色工艺，其特征在于：所述分散剂中还包括十二烷基苯磺酸钠以及琥珀酸钠，并且木质素磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠以及琥珀酸钠三者的质量比为4:8:3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种涤纶面料的染色工艺，其特征在于：S5连续清洗之后，将坯布使用还有固色剂的固色液进行浸泡20-30min，浴比1:50；所述固色剂的原料包括三乙烯四胺。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种涤纶面料的染色工艺，其特征在于：所述固色剂的原料以重量份计包括三乙烯四胺40-60份、季戊四醇硬脂酸酯10-15份以及三偏磷酸钠20-50份。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种涤纶面料的染色工艺，其特征在于：所述S4染色，先按重量份计无先后顺序的将分散染料、分散剂、丙三醇、异辛酸聚氧乙烯醚硫酸酯、二聚季戊四醇六羟基硬脂酸酯、匀染剂、醋酸以及水添加至染液桶内搅拌10min，浴比1:50，加热至50℃，持续搅拌40min，然后将染液输送至染色机内，接着将染色机内染液的温度升温至75℃，然后再将染色液温度升至135℃，保温50min，然后将染色机内染液的温度降至70℃，染色结束。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种涤纶面料的染色工艺，其特征在于：所述S4染色中，先以1.8℃/min的升温速度将染液升温至75℃，然后保温染色5min，然后以1.2℃/min的升温速度将染液升温至135℃；最后以2.4℃/min的降温速度将保温结束后的染液降温之后70℃。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种涤纶面料的染色工艺，其特征在于：S8定型，将经过S7开幅后的坯布放入热定型机内，然后将热定型机的温度调整为170℃，保温45s，热定型后进行冷却，冷却温度为25℃，冷却时间为40min。
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Application publication date: 20200911