CN111635504A - 一种嵌段共聚本征可拉伸电致发光弹性体及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种嵌段共聚本征可拉伸电致发光弹性体及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种嵌段共聚本征可拉伸电致发光弹性体及其制备方法与应用。该类弹性体是以有机电致发光单体、苯乙烯和1,3‑丁二烯为原料,通过阴离子聚合而制得。本发明的创新在于:首次以化学交联的方式,将有机电致发光单元引入到弹性体中,在提高弹性体本征可拉伸性能的基础上,同时具有优异的发光特性以及高的载流子迁移率;结构新颖,设计策略独特,同时解决了传统有机光电材料本征不可拉伸性问题和传统弹性体不具备的电致发光特性的问题;该类弹性体作为发光层材料,制备了高稳定性、高拉伸性、高效率的有机电致发光器件。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光电材料和应用技术领域,具体涉及一种嵌段共聚本征可拉伸电致发光弹性体与制备方法与应用。
背景技术
可拉伸电子作为新兴的前沿技术,在智能家居、生物医药、信息能源和可穿戴设备等领域有广泛的应用前景。可拉伸电子技术的发展将带动电子电路、半导体材料、器件封装等产业的整体升级,提升产业的附加值,给人们的生产生活带来革命性的变化。可拉伸光电器件作为可拉伸电子的重要载体,受到广泛关注。可拉伸光电器件一般包括电极层、光电功能层和界面层,各功能层的拉伸性的协同发展是制备拉伸性及光电性能优异的光电器件的前提条件。目前对于可拉伸光电器件的研究主要集中在电极层,而对光电功能层的研究却鲜有关注。然而,光电功能层作为可拉伸光电器件的核心组成部分,其拉伸性和光电性能往往影响着可拉伸光电器件的整体性能。因此,设计开发性能优异的弹性体具有重要意义。
目前已被报道的传统弹性体如嵌段共聚弹性体、热塑性弹性体和含有氢键或强离子键的水凝胶等表现出优异的拉伸性能,但并不具备光学和电学性能;虽然光致发光弹性体的拉伸性能和发光性能优异,仍不具有电致发光特性,限制了它们在可拉伸电子领域的应用。此外,将电子功能材料如导电聚合物、银纳米线、发光材料等与传统弹性体通过物理共混的方式可以实现电致发光性能和弱拉伸性,但不具有本征可拉伸性,并在拉伸-释放的过程中容易发生相分离以及薄膜形貌变化,使器件的稳定性和寿命降低,并不是制备可拉伸光电器件的一种理想方法。然而,至今关于本征可拉伸的电致发光弹性体尚未报道。本专利发明了一种嵌段共聚本征可拉伸电致发光弹性体,作为有机发光层材料应用于有机电致发光器件中。目前制备拉伸电致发光材料都是通过物理共混方式,容易造成相分离,且拉伸效果差。本征可拉伸电致发光弹性体材料为纯化学结构材料,不经过掺杂,可以有效提高拉伸性和光电性能。从分子工程-材料结构-薄膜形貌-器件制备多角度对材料性能进行分析测试表征,实现电致发光弹性体的本征可拉伸性和光电性能的最佳平衡。
发明内容
技术问题:
本发明公开一种嵌段共聚本征可拉伸电致发光弹性体与制备方法及其作为发光层材料在有机电致发光器件中的应用方法。该发明首次通过化学交联的方式,将有机电致发光单元引入到传统弹性体中,制备了一类拉伸性和光电性能优异的新型电致发光弹性体,为如何实现传统弹性体的有机电致发光性能以及如何解决传统光电材料的本征不可拉伸性问题提供了一个新的技术方案。
技术方案:
本发明提供的一种嵌段共聚本征可拉伸电致发光弹性体,该弹性体具有如下结构通式:
其中,a、b、c、d、e、f表示该嵌段组分的摩尔组分,a+b+c+d+e+f=1;Ar
选自以下基团中的一种:
进一步的,该弹性体结构式还满足:a+b+e+f=0.1~0.3。
具体而言,该类嵌段共聚本征可拉伸电致发光弹性体的制备方法按照如下步骤进行:
(1)在氮气保护条件下,先将单体和苯乙烯单体溶于己烷、环己烷、甲苯或二氧六环中的一种有机溶剂,向反应容器中分别注入四氢呋喃、乙醚或者乙腈中的一种添加剂和正丁基锂或叔丁基锂引发剂,在55-75℃下反应1-2h;随后,向反应容器中加入1,3-丁二烯单体,在50-70℃条件下,反应2-3h;最后,再次向反应容器中加入单体和苯乙烯,在55-75℃下反应1-2h。
(2)反应结束后,用无水乙醇淬灭掉未反应的正丁基锂。冷却至室温后,将反应液浓缩并用有机溶剂溶解,甲醇沉降,柱色谱纯化。然后用正己烷、甲醇、丙酮溶剂索氏提取,分别抽提24-72h。再次用甲醇溶剂沉降,抽滤、干燥后得到弹性体即为目标产物。
其中1mmol单体溶解在5-25mL的有机溶剂,加入0.02-0.08mL的添加剂,0.02-0.08mL的引发剂。有机溶剂包括己烷、环己烷、甲苯、二氧六环,添加剂包括四氢呋喃、乙醚、乙腈,引发剂包括正丁基锂、叔丁基锂。
本发明同时提供了该类嵌段共聚本征可拉伸电致发光弹性体的应用,其特征在于,该类弹性体作为光电功能层材料应用于包括可拉伸有机电致发光器件、软体机器人、人工智能在内的可拉伸电子领域。
有益效果:
本专利发明了一种嵌段共聚本征可拉伸电致发光弹性体作为光电功能层材料应用于可拉伸电致发光器件中。将有机电致发光单元通过化学交联的方式引入到传统弹性体中,不仅提高了弹性体的本征可拉伸性,同时还具有优异的发光特性和高载流子迁移率,同时解决了传统有机光电材料本征不可拉伸性问题和传统弹性体不具备的电致发光特性的兼容性技术难题。该类弹性体的设计策略独特,结构新颖,具有优异的热稳定性、发光特性、成膜性以及较高的本征可拉伸性,是一类具有重要应用潜力的电致发光弹性体。此外,将弹性体作为发光层材料,通过溶液加工方式,实现了高拉伸性、高稳定性、高效率的可拉伸电致发光器件的制备。
附图说明
图1弹性体的循环伏安曲线(CV曲线)图;
图2弹性体的热失重曲线图;
图3弹性体的拉伸性测试曲线图;
图4弹性体的有机电致发光性质表征测试图电流密度/亮度-电压曲线。
具体实施方式
一种嵌段共聚本征可拉伸电致发光弹性体,该弹性体具有如下结构通式:
其中,a、b、c、d、e、f表示该嵌段组分的摩尔比,a+b+c+d+e+f=1;Ar选
自以下基团中的一种:
实施例1:
将(500mg,1,64mmol)放入50mL的两口反应瓶中并将其密封,抽换氮气三次。向反应瓶中注入苯乙烯(0.5mL,4.37mmol),超干环己烷(10mL),超干THF(0.03mL),0.03mL的n-BuLi,65℃下反应1h。然后,将温度降至63℃,加入7mL的1,3-丁二烯,反应2h。最后,再向反应瓶中加入(500mg,1.64mmol),苯乙烯(0.5mL,4.37mmol),65℃下反应1h。反应结束后,加入无水乙醇淬灭未反应的n-BuLi。将反应液浓缩后用DCM溶解,甲醇沉降,柱色谱纯化。然后用正己烷、甲醇、丙酮溶剂索氏提取48h。再次用甲醇溶剂对产物沉降,抽滤、真空干燥后得到弹性体SBS-Ar15.08g,产率为82%,终产物的实际值与总投料量的比值即为产率。
实施例2:
将(250mg,0.41mmol)放入50mL的两口反应瓶中并将其密封,抽换氮气三次。向反应瓶中注入苯乙烯(0.5mL,4.37mmol),超干环己烷(10mL),超干THF(0.02mL),0.02mL的n-BuLi,65℃下反应1h。然后,将温度降至63℃,加入7mL的1,3-丁二烯,反应2h。最后,再向反应瓶中加入(250mg,0.41mmol),苯乙烯(0.5mL,4.37mmol),65℃下反应1h。反应结束后,加入无水乙醇淬灭未反应的n-BuLi。将反应液浓缩后用DCM溶解,甲醇沉降,柱色谱纯化。然后用正己烷、甲醇、丙酮溶剂索氏提取48h。再次用甲醇溶剂对产物沉降,抽滤、真空干燥后得到弹性体SBS-Ar2(4.12g,产率为73%)。
实施例3:
将(1g,2.81mmol)放入50mL的两口反应瓶中并将其密封,抽换氮气三次。向反应瓶中注入苯乙烯(0.5mL,4.37mmol),超干环己烷(12mL),超干THF(0.08mL),0.08mL的n-BuLi,65℃下反应1h。然后,将温度降至63℃,加入7mL的1,3-丁二烯,反应2h。最后,再向反应瓶中加入(1g,2.81mmol),苯乙烯(0.5mL,4.37mmol),65℃下反应1h。反应结束后,加入无水乙醇淬灭未反应的n-BuLi。将反应液浓缩后用DCM溶解,甲醇沉降,柱色谱纯化。然后用正己烷、甲醇、丙酮溶剂索氏提取48h。再次用甲醇溶剂对产物沉降,抽滤、真空干燥后得到弹性体SBS-Ar3(5.25g,产率为73%)。
实施例4:
将(1.5g,2.43mmol)放入50mL的两口反应瓶中并将其密封,抽换氮气三次。向反应瓶中注入苯乙烯(0.5mL,4.37mmol),超干环己烷(15mL),超干THF(0.12mL),0.12mL的n-BuLi,65℃下反应1h。然后,将温度降至63℃,加入7mL的1,3-丁二烯,反应2h。最后,再向反应瓶中加入(1.5g,2.43mmol),苯乙烯(0.5mL,4.37mmol),65℃下反应1h。反应结束后,加入无水乙醇淬灭未反应的n-BuLi。将反应液浓缩后用DCM溶解,甲醇沉降,柱色谱纯化。然后用正己烷、甲醇、丙酮溶剂索氏提取48h。再次用甲醇溶剂对产物沉降,抽滤、真空干燥后得到弹性体SBS-Ar4(6.50g,产率为79%)。
实施例5:
将(1g,1.23mmol)放入50mL的两口反应瓶中并将其密封,抽换氮气三次。向反应瓶中注入苯乙烯(1mL,8.73mmol),超干环己烷(12mL),超干THF(0.07mL),0.07mL的n-BuLi,65℃下反应1h。然后,将温度降至63℃,加入7mL的1,3-丁二烯,反应2h。最后,再向反应瓶中加入(1g,1.23mmol),苯乙烯(1mL,8.73mmol),65℃反应1h。反应结束后,加入无水乙醇淬灭未反应的n-BuLi。将反应液浓缩后用DCM溶解,甲醇沉降,柱色谱纯化。然后用正己烷、甲醇、丙酮溶剂索氏提取48h。再次用甲醇溶剂对产物沉降,抽滤、真空干燥后得到弹性体SBS-Ar5(6.18g,产率为76%)。
实施例6:
将(750mg,0.87mmol)放入50mL的两口反应瓶中并将其密封,抽换氮气三次。向反应瓶中注入苯乙烯(1mL,8.73mmol),超干环己烷(12mL),超干THF(0.07mL),0.07mL的n-BuLi,65℃下反应1h。然后,将温度降至63℃,加入7mL的1,3-丁二烯,反应2h。最后,再向反应瓶中加入(750mg,0.87mmol),苯乙烯(1mL,8.73mmol),65℃反应1h。反应结束后,加入无水乙醇淬灭未反应的n-BuLi。将反应液浓缩后用DCM溶解,甲醇沉降,柱色谱纯化。然后用正己烷、甲醇、丙酮溶剂索氏提取48h。再次用甲醇溶剂对产物沉降,抽滤、真空干燥后得到弹性体SBS-Ar6(6.68g,产率为88%)。
实施例7:
将(500mg,0.58mmol)放入50mL的两口反应瓶中并将其密封,抽换氮气三次。向反应瓶中注入苯乙烯(1mL,8.73mmol),超干环己烷(12mL),超干THF(0.05mL),0.05mL的n-BuLi,65℃下反应1h。然后,将温度降至63℃,加入7mL的1,3-丁二烯,反应2h。最后,再向反应瓶中加入(500mg,0.58mmol),苯乙烯(1mL,8.73mmol),65℃反应1h。反应结束后,加入无水乙醇淬灭未反应的n-BuLi。将反应液浓缩后用DCM溶解,甲醇沉降,柱色谱纯化。然后用正己烷、甲醇、丙酮溶剂索氏提取48h。再次用甲醇溶剂对产物沉降,抽滤、真空干燥后得到弹性体SBS-Ar7(5.87,产率为83%)。
实施例8:
将(500mg,1.16mmol)放入50mL的两口反应瓶中并将其密封,抽换氮气三次。向反应瓶中注入苯乙烯(1mL,8.73mmol),超干环己烷(12mL),超干THF(0.08mL),0.08mL的n-BuLi,65℃下反应1h。然后,将温度降至63℃,加入7mL的1,3-丁二烯,反应2h。最后,再向反应瓶中加入(500mg,1.16mmol),苯乙烯(1mL,8.73mmol),65℃下反应1h。反应结束后,加入无水乙醇淬灭未反应的n-BuLi。将反应液浓缩后用DCM溶解,甲醇沉降,柱色谱纯化。然后用正己烷、甲醇、丙酮溶剂索氏提取48h。再次用甲醇溶剂对产物沉降,抽滤、真空干燥后得到弹性体SBS-Ar8(4.96g,产率为70%)。
实施例9:
将(1g,2.1mmol)放入50mL的两口反应瓶中并将其密封,抽换氮气三次。向反应瓶中注入苯乙烯(1mL,8.73mmol),超干环己烷(15mL),超干THF(0.1mL),0.1mL的n-BuLi,65℃下反应1h。然后,将温度降至63℃,加入7mL的1,3-丁二烯,反应2h。最后,再向反应瓶中加入(1g,2.1mmol),苯乙烯(1mL,8.73mmol),65℃下反应1h。反应结束后,加入无水乙醇淬灭未反应的n-BuLi。将反应液浓缩后用DCM溶解,甲醇沉降,柱色谱纯化。然后用正己烷、甲醇、丙酮溶剂索氏提取48h。再次用甲醇溶剂对产物沉降,抽滤、真空干燥后得到弹性体SBS-Ar9(7.18g,产率为89%)。
实施例10:
将(2g,3.9mmol)放入50mL的两口反应瓶中并将其密封,抽换氮气三次。向反应瓶中注入苯乙烯(1mL,8.73mmol),超干环己烷(18mL),超干THF(0.2mL),0.2mL的n-BuLi,65℃下反应1h。然后,将温度降至63℃,加入7mL的1,3-丁二烯,反应2h。最后,再向反应瓶中加入(2g,3.9mmol),苯乙烯(1mL,8.73mmol),65℃下反应1h。反应结束后,加入无水乙醇淬灭未反应的n-BuLi。将反应液浓缩后用DCM溶解,甲醇沉降,柱色谱纯化。然后用正己烷、甲醇、丙酮溶剂索氏提取48h。再次用甲醇溶剂对产物沉降,抽滤、真空干燥后得到弹性体SBS-Ar10(7.88g,产率为78%)。
实施例11:
将(1g,1.79mmol)放入50mL的两口反应瓶中并将其密封,抽换氮气三次。向反应瓶中注入苯乙烯(1.5mL,13.11mmol),超干环己烷(20mL),超干THF(0.14mL),0.14mL的n-BuLi,65℃下反应1h。然后,将温度降至63℃,加入7mL的1,3-丁二烯,反应2h。最后,再向反应瓶中加入(1g,1.79mmol),苯乙烯(1.5mL,13.11mmol),65℃下反应1h。反应结束后,加入无水乙醇淬灭未反应的n-BuLi。将反应液浓缩后用DCM溶解,甲醇沉降,柱色谱纯化。然后用正己烷、甲醇、丙酮溶剂索氏提取48h。再次用甲醇溶剂对产物沉降,抽滤、真空干燥后得到弹性体SBS-Ar11(6.84g,产率为76%)。
实施例12:
将(1g,1.38mmol)放入50mL的两口反应瓶中并将其密封,抽换氮气三次。向反应瓶中注入苯乙烯(1.5mL,13.11mmol),超干环己烷(20mL),超干THF(0.10mL),0.10mL的n-BuLi,65℃下反应1h。然后,将温度降至63℃,加入7mL的1,3-丁二烯,反应2h。最后,再向反应瓶中加入(1g,1.38mmol),苯乙烯(1.5mL,13.11mmol),65℃下反应1h。反应结束后,加入无水乙醇淬灭未反应的n-BuLi。将反应液浓缩后用DCM溶解,甲醇沉降,柱色谱纯化。然后用正己烷、甲醇、丙酮溶剂索氏提取48h。再次用甲醇溶剂对产物沉降,抽滤、真空干燥后得到弹性体SBS-Ar12(6.32g,产率为70%)。
实施例13:
将(1g,0.93mmol)放入50mL的两口反应瓶中并将其密封,抽换氮气三次。向反应瓶中注入苯乙烯(1.5mL,13.11mmol),超干环己烷(20mL),超干THF(0.06mL),0.06mL的n-BuLi,65℃下反应1h。然后,将温度降至63℃,加入7mL的1,3-丁二烯,反应2h。最后,再向反应瓶中加入(1g,0.93mmol),苯乙烯(1.5mL,13.11mmol),65℃下反应1h。反应结束后,加入无水乙醇淬灭未反应的n-BuLi。将反应液浓缩后用DCM溶解,甲醇沉降,柱色谱纯化。然后用正己烷、甲醇、丙酮溶剂索氏提取48h。再次用甲醇溶剂对产物沉降,抽滤、真空干燥后得到弹性体SBS-Ar13(7.74g,产率为86%)。
实施例14:OLED器件的制备
ITO玻璃经过超声波清洗后,用氧等离子体处理,ITO玻璃的方块电阻为10Ω/cm2。空穴注入层为PEDOT或PVK,发光层采用SBS-Ar1、SBS-Ar2、SBS-Ar3、SBS-Ar4、SBS-Ar5、SBS-Ar6、SBS-Ar7、SBS-Ar8、SBS-Ar9、SBS-Ar10、SBS-Ar11、SBS-Ar12或SBS-Ar13中任意一种。空穴注入层和发光层均采用旋凃的方式制作。阴极电极分别采用Ca/Al或者LiF/Al。其中,基于SBS-Ar1制备的OLED器件的最大发光效率8.50cd/A,最大发光亮度为4776cd/m2;SBS-Ar12的拉伸率可以达到900%。
以上是本发明人的实施例,需要说明的是本发明不限于这些实例,这些实例仅为了更好的理解本发明,依据本发明的技术方案所作的任何等效变换,均属于本发明保护范围。
Claims (8)
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种嵌段共聚本征可拉伸电致发光弹性体,其特征在于,a+b+e+f=0.1~0.3。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种嵌段共聚本征可拉伸电致发光弹性体的制备方法,其特征在于,有机溶剂包括己烷、环己烷、甲苯、二氧六环,添加剂包括四氢呋喃、乙醚、乙腈,引发剂包括正丁基锂、叔丁基锂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种嵌段共聚本征可拉伸电致发光弹性体的应用,其特征在于,该类弹性体作为光电功能层材料应用于包括可拉伸有机电致发光器件、软体机器人、人工智能在内的可拉伸电子领域。
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