CN107141454A - 一种双茚并芴基共轭聚合物激光增益材料及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种双茚并芴基共轭聚合物激光增益材料及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种双茚并芴基共轭聚合物激光增益材料及其制备方法与应用,该材料是以梯形双茚并芴结构为骨架,选用不同的受体结构进行共聚而得到的梯形嵌段共聚物,其结构通式如下式所示:通式I中,R1、R2为C1‑C30的烷基、烷氧基、烷苯基、烷氧基苯基中的一种,A为电子受体结构修饰单元。该材料具有成本低廉、合成简单可控、产率高、溶解性好等优势,同时该类材料具有较好的热稳定性、可逆的氧化还原特性、良好的成膜性能,可以采用简易的溶液成膜方式制备薄膜器件,作为活性发光层在机电致发光器件表现出较高的亮度和优异的发光效率,同时在有机激光器件中表现出较低的激光阈值和较高的增益,是一类有重要应用潜力的发光材料体系。
Description
技术领域
本发明属光电材料和应用技术领域,具体涉及一种双茚并芴基共轭聚合物激光增益材料及其制备方法与应用,该材料具有热稳定性优异、成膜性能好,可以作为有机激光增益介质和发光主体,通过简单的溶液加工法制备有机激光器件或有机电致发光器件。
背景技术
共轭聚合物是非常有前景的主体材料,在有机光电应用上具有巨大的潜力,比如:OLED、OSCs、OFETS等。它们也是有机激光器应用的有前景的候选者,因为它们具有良好的固态量子效率,固态中的高发色团密度,大的受激发射截面,以及易于通过化学改性手段提高其光电性能。其中梯形聚对苯结构(LPPP)是一类重要的共轭聚合物体系。此类材料具有刚性骨架、大平面结构、优良的电荷传输性能。然而,LPPP结构由于分子间相互作用及共轭单元之间的π-π堆积而存在着低能带发射的现象,这严重降低了该发光材料的色纯性、色稳定性。
为改善LPPP的发光性能,本发明设计了一种双茚并芴基共轭聚合物激光增益材料,以梯形芴结构为骨架,选用不同的受体结构进行共聚而得到的梯形嵌段共聚物,通过共聚单体的引入,打断了梯形共轭聚合物的长共轭链,这样既保留了LPPP结构单元的优良的电荷传输性能,又克服了自吸收现象严重的问题,极大改善了此类材料的光电性能,增益系数更是其均聚物3-5倍左右。该材料具有成本低廉、合成简单可控、产率高、溶解性好等优势,同时该类材料具有较好的热稳定性、可逆的氧化还原特性、良好的成膜性能,可以采用简易的溶液成膜方式制备薄膜器件。此外,随着梯形链的延伸,作为活性发光层在机电致发光器件表现出更高的亮度和优异的发光效率,同时在有机激光器件中也表现出更低的激光阈值和更高的增益,是一类有重要应用潜力的发光材料体系。
发明内容
技术问题:本发明的目的是提供一种双茚并芴基共轭聚合物激光增益材料及其制备方法与应用,解决现有有机发光材料体系稳定性不足、迁移率不高等问题。
技术方案:为解决现有技术问题,本发明的一种双茚并芴基共轭聚合物激光增益材料采以梯形双茚并芴结构为骨架,选用不同电子受体结构进行共聚而得到的梯形嵌段共聚物,具有如下式I所示的结构通式:
其中,R1、R2为C1-C30烷基、烷氧基、烷苯基、烷氧基苯基中的一种,n的取值大于等于5,A选自以下的官能团中的一种:
其中,*为连接位置;C为碳原子;O为氧原子;N是氮原子;S是硫原子;F是氟原子。
上述一种双茚并芴基共轭聚合物激光增益材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:合成化合物1
在避光且氮气保护下,将芴双硼酸酯邻溴苯甲酸甲酯四三苯基膦钯催化剂、相转移催化剂四丁基溴化铵溶于甲苯和碳酸钾的混合溶液中,80-100℃下反应24-48小时,反应结束后经柱色谱纯化得化合物1
步骤二:合成化合物2
在氮气保护下,将R2的溴代化合物加入无水四氢呋喃溶剂中,冷却至-78℃,反应0.5-1小时,缓慢滴加正丁基锂溶液,反应0.5-2小时后,将化合物1溶于无水四氢呋喃中,滴加入反应体系,在-78℃反应8-16小时,反应结束后经柱色谱纯化得到叔醇中间体,将叔醇中间体溶于二氯甲烷溶剂中,加入三氟化硼乙醚,0-25℃下反应0.5-2小时,反应结束后经柱色谱纯化得化合物2
步骤三:合成化合物3
在避光和氮气保护条件下,把化合物3、无水四氯化碳加入反应瓶,将液溴用无水四氯化碳溶液稀释100倍,在-10-10℃缓慢加入稀释后的液溴,反应2-10小时,反应结束后经柱色谱纯化得到化合物3
步骤四:合成终产物3LF-A
在避光且氮气保护下,将四三苯基膦钯催化剂、含官能团A的双硼酸酯、相转移催化剂四丁基溴化铵与化合物3溶于甲苯和碳酸钾水溶液的混合溶液中,80-100℃下反应2-4天,反应结束后经氧化铝柱纯化、甲醇沉降、抽提分别得到终产物3LF-A
其中:
步骤一中,合成化合物1芴双硼酸酯邻溴苯甲酸甲酯四三苯基膦钯催化剂:相转移催化剂四丁基溴化铵=1:(2-8):(0.05-0.1):(0.2-0.6),每摩尔化合物1加入甲苯溶剂4-8L,甲苯与碳酸钾水溶液体积比为(2-3):1。
步骤二中,合成化合物2时,化合物1溴代柔性链R2:正丁基锂摩尔比为1:(20-60):(20-60),且溴代柔性链R2:正丁基锂摩尔比为1:1,每摩尔化合物1加入四氢呋喃溶剂10-30L,每摩尔叔醇中间体加入二氯甲烷溶剂1-5L,叔醇中间体:三氟化硼乙醚摩尔比为1:(10-200)。
步骤三中,合成化合物3时,化合物2液溴=1:(1-3),每摩尔中间体2加入无水四氯化碳20-50L。
步骤四中,合成终产物3LF-A时,化合物3含官能团A的双硼酸酯:相转移催化剂四丁基溴化铵:四三苯基膦钯催化剂=1:(1-2):(0.3-1):(0.05-0.15),每摩尔前驱体1加入甲苯30-50L,甲苯与碳酸钾水溶液体积比为(2-3):1。
上述一种双茚并芴基共轭聚合物激光增益材料可以作为活性发光材料广泛应用于有机电致发光、有机激光等领域。
有益效果:本发明提供了一种双茚并芴基共轭聚合物激光增益材料,该材料以梯形双茚并芴结构为骨架,选用不同电子受体结构单元,通过Suzuki偶联、傅克酰化/烃化反应、环化反应、聚合反应等一系列过程制备而得到。该材料具有成本低廉、合成简单可控、产率高、溶解性好等优势,同时该类材料具有较好的热稳定性、可逆的氧化还原特性、良好的成膜性能等,可以采用简易的溶液成膜方式制备薄膜器件;可以作为活性发光层在机电致发光器件表现出较高的亮度和优异的发光效率,同时在有机激光器件中表现出较低的激光阈值和较高的增益。
附图说明
图1为化合物3的1H NMR谱图。
图2为化合物3的13C NMR谱图。
图3为共聚物A的溶液态UV/PL光谱。
图4为共聚物A的薄膜态UV/PL光谱。
图5为共聚物A的热重曲线。
图6为共聚物A的电致发光器件的最大亮度图。
图7为共聚物A的电致发光器件电流效率曲线。
图8为共聚物A的ASE输出斜率随激光强度变化图。
图9为共聚物A的光学增益参数随激光能量变化图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:化合物3的合成
第I步:在避光且氮气保护下,将芴双硼酸酯(4.13g,3.93mmol)、邻溴苯甲酸甲酯((3.38g,15.72mmol),四三苯基膦钯Pd(PPh3)4(0.23g,0.2mmol),相转移催化剂四丁基溴化铵(566.72mg,1.76mmol),甲苯溶液(20mL),2M K2CO3溶液(10mL)加入到50mL反应瓶中,95℃下反应24小时。反应结束后,用二氯甲烷和水萃取,收集有机相,用无水硫酸镁干燥,抽滤,蒸除溶剂所得固体经色谱柱纯化得到化合物1(3.65g,87%).
第II步:在氮气保护条件下,将对溴己基苯(19.28g,80mmol)、无水四氢呋喃溶液(50mL)加入250mL反应瓶中,冷却至-78℃,反应半小时后,缓慢滴加32mL正丁基锂(2.5M inhexane),反应1个小时后,将溶解于10mL四氢呋喃中的化合物1(2.13g,2mmol)滴加入反应瓶,反应12小时。反应结束后,冰水淬灭反应,用二氯甲烷和水萃取有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥,抽滤。真空减压浓缩粗产物,色谱柱纯化得到黄色胶体。将黄色胶体溶解于20mL二氯甲烷溶液中,然后滴加0.5mL三氟化硼乙醚,室温条件下反应搅拌30分钟。冰水淬灭反应,用二氯甲烷和水萃取有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥,抽滤。真空减压浓缩粗产物,色谱柱纯化得到白色化合物2(2.23g,产率69%)。
第III步:在避光和氮气保护条件下,把化合物2(1.62g,1mmol),50mL无水四氯化碳加入反应瓶,液溴用无水四氯化碳溶液稀释100倍,在-10-10℃缓慢加入稀释后的液溴(0.32g,2mmol),反应10小时。反应结束后冰水淬灭反应,用二氯甲烷和水萃取有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥,抽滤。真空减压浓缩粗产物,经柱色谱纯化得到化合物3(0.83g,47%)。
实施例2
用实施例1中的化合物3制备嵌段共聚物A。
其中,合成路线分别如下所示:
反应路线图一:
嵌段共聚物A的合成步骤如下:
在避光且氮气保护下,将化合物3(178mg,0.1mmol)、苯并噻二唑硼酸酯(38.9mg,0.1mmol),四三苯基膦钯Pd(PPh3)4(11.5mg,0.01mmol),相转移催化剂四丁基溴化铵(25mg,0.05mmol),甲苯溶液(4.5mL),2M K2CO3溶液(1.5mL)加入到15mL反应瓶中,95℃下反应72小时。反应结束后,反应结束后经氧化铝柱纯化、甲醇沉降、抽提分别得到共聚物A。
共聚物A:GPC测得Mn=10554,PDI)=1.32。
化合物3:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.70(s,2H),7.64(s,2H),7.62(d,J=5.3Hz,2H),7.34(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.29(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.22(d,J=2.0Hz,2H),7.20(s,2H),7.18–7.11(m,8H),7.08–6.99(m,8H),6.78(d,J=8.9Hz,4H),3.78(d,J=5.6Hz,4H),2.58–2.48(m,8H),1.73(s,2H),1.56(s,8H),1.55–1.16(m,72H),0.87(t,J=6.6Hz,24H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ158.1,154.3,152.2,151.5,143.2,141.1,140.1,139.9,139.9,137.5,133.2,129.4,128.2,127.5,127.2,126.2,120.1,117.8,117.5,114.3,112.6,112.1,69.2,68.0,64.7,63.2,35.2,33.5,31.6,31.5,29.7,29.3,29.1,25.8,25.7,22.6,22.6,22.5,14.1,14.0.MALDI-TOF MS(m/z):calcd for C119H152O2Br2;Exact Mass:1771.02,Mol.Wt.:1774.29;Found:1774.11(M+),1695.33[M-Br]+,1615.40[M-2Br]+.Anal.Calcd.forC119H152O2Br2:C,80.55;H,8.63;Found:C,80.27;H,8.78.
实施例3
有机电致发光器件的制备
通过溶液法制备了OLEDs器件,它们器件结构为:铟锡氧化物(ITO)/PEDOT:PSS(30nm)/发射层(EML,60nm)/1,3,5-三(N-苯基咪唑-2-基)-苯(TPBI,40nm)/氟化锂(LiF,1nm)/铝(Al,100nm)(发光层:共聚物A)。器件的最大发光亮度为14082cd/m2,同时也观察到高效的电流效率3.15cd/A,这是目前性能比较优异的黄色单层电致发光器件。
实施例4
有机激光器件的制备
采用二氯苯做溶剂,发光主体采用,制备35mg/mL的溶液。石英片经过超声波清洗,采用简单的旋凃方式制备有机激光器件,旋涂条件为1500rpm。其中,共聚物A的PL光谱的发射峰分别为548nm,用不同的受体封端,有利于电子的有效传输。共聚物A表现出优异的激光性能,ASE峰位分别在560nm处;FWHM分别为12nm;ASE阈值低至7.30μJ/cm2,最大增益系数为77cm-1,是目前有机黄绿色激光半导体中较好的结果。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的原理下所做的改进和变换,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种双茚并芴基共轭聚合物激光增益材料,其特征在于,该材料是以双茚并芴结构为骨架,选用不同电子受体结构进行共聚而得到的梯形嵌段共聚物,具有如下式I所示的结构通式:
其中,R1、R2为C1-C30烷基、烷氧基、烷苯基、烷氧基苯基中的一种;n的取值大于等于5,A选自以下官能团中的一种:
其中,*为连接位置;C为碳原子;O为氧原子;N是氮原子;S是硫原子;F是氟原子。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的双茚并芴基共轭聚合物激光增益材料的制备方法,其特征在于,该制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:合成化合物1
在避光且氮气保护下,将芴双硼酸酯邻溴苯甲酸甲酯四三苯基膦钯催化剂、相转移催化剂四丁基溴化铵溶于甲苯和碳酸钾的混合溶液中,80-100℃下反应24-48小时,反应结束后经柱色谱纯化得化合物1
步骤二:合成化合物2
在氮气保护下,将R2的溴代化合物加入无水四氢呋喃溶剂中,冷却至-78℃,反应0.5-1小时,缓慢滴加正丁基锂溶液,反应0.5-2小时后,将化合物1溶于无水四氢呋喃中,滴加入反应体系,在-78℃反应8-16小时,反应结束后经柱色谱纯化得到叔醇中间体,将叔醇中间体溶于二氯甲烷溶剂中,加入三氟化硼乙醚,0-25℃下反应0.5-2小时,反应结束后经柱色谱纯化得中间体2
步骤三:合成化合物3
在避光和氮气保护条件下,把化合物3、无水四氯化碳加入反应瓶,液溴用无水四氯化碳溶液稀释100倍,在-10-10℃缓慢加入稀释后的液溴,反应2-10小时。反应结束后经柱色谱纯化得到化合物3
步骤四:合成终产物3LF-A
在避光且氮气保护下,将四三苯基膦钯催化剂、含官能团A的双硼酸酯、相转移催化剂四丁基溴化铵与化合物3溶于甲苯和碳酸钾水溶液的混合溶液中,80-100℃下反应2-4天,反应结束后经氧化铝柱纯化、甲醇沉降、抽提分别得到终产物3LF-A
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种双茚并芴基共轭聚合物激光增益材料的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤一中,合成化合物1时,芴双硼酸酯邻溴苯甲酸甲酯四三苯基膦钯催化剂:相转移催化剂四丁基溴化铵=1:(2-8):(0.05-0.1):(0.2-0.6),每摩尔化合物1加入甲苯溶剂4-8L,甲苯与碳酸钾水溶液体积比为(2-3):1。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种双茚并芴基共轭聚合物激光增益材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤二中,合成化合物2时,化合物1溴代柔性链R2:正丁基锂摩尔比为1:(20-60):(20-60),且溴代柔性链R2:正丁基锂摩尔比为1:1,每摩尔化合物1加入四氢呋喃溶剂10-30L,每摩尔叔醇中间体加入二氯甲烷溶剂1-5L,叔醇中间体:三氟化硼乙醚摩尔比为1:(10-200)。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种双茚并芴基共轭聚合物激光增益材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤三中,合成化合物3时,化合物2液溴=1:(1-3),每摩尔中间体2加入无水四氯化碳20-50L。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种双茚并芴基共轭聚合物激光增益材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤四中,合成终产物3LF-A时,化合物3含官能团A的双硼酸酯:相转移催化剂四丁基溴化铵:四三苯基膦钯催化剂=1:(1-2):(0.3-1):(0.05-0.15),每摩尔前驱体1加入甲苯30-50L,甲苯与碳酸钾水溶液体积比为(2-3):1。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种双茚并芴基共轭聚合物激光增益材料的应用,其特征在于,该材料作为发光介质应用于有机电致发光器件或有机激光器件中。
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