CN111632615A - 2D/2DBiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
2D/2DBiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种2D/2DBiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂及其制备方法和应用,该复合光催化剂由BiOI和Ti3C2纳米片共同构成,其中,片层BiOI原位生成于片层Ti3C2纳米片表面,形成片层互嵌堆积的2D/2D结构,其步骤为:将经过超声分散的二维过渡金属碳化物悬浮液逐滴加入到硝酸铋、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的甘油混合溶液中,搅拌并加入碘化钾水溶液,加热反应,得到片层BiOI与Ti3C2均匀互嵌的2D/2D复合光催化剂。本发明的复合光催化剂具有较高的比表面积和较大的异质结界面,光生载流子易于迁移至材料表面,有利于反应物的吸附和光生电子、空穴对的高效分离,在环境污水处理领域具有较大应用潜力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环境光催化技术领域,具体涉及一种BiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂的制备及其在污水治理中的应用。
背景技术
从2005年到2015年,全球人均抗生素使用量增加了75%。抗生素虽然能够有效抑制微生物、细菌的繁殖,但其滥用会导致病菌产生耐药性,药物效力逐渐降低。同时,抗生素在使用后随人体、动物的代谢物排出体外,常规的生活污水处理手段难以将其降解,致使抗生素不断在环境中富集,加速抗药微生物的繁殖以及抗药基因的传播,产生严重危害人类生命健康的“超级细菌”。为了治理抗生素对环境的污染,研究者们提出了多种处理方法,如物理吸附、生物处理和化学降解等技术。其中,化学降解被认为是最为有效和彻底的解决方案之一,化学方法能将抗生素氧化成容易被生物降解和毒性较小的物质,甚至将其转化为无害化合物。在众多先进的氧化工艺中,光催化具有节能、环保和低成本等优点,成为治理抗生素最具前景的方法之一。
卤氧化铋BiOX (X=C1, Br, I)具有沿c轴方向,双X离子层和[Bi2O2]2+层交替排列构成的层状晶体结构,是一类重要的层状结构半导体。其中,BiOI带隙宽度约1.9 eV,具有较好的可见光吸收利用能力。同时,BiOI的价带位置足以使其在光照下产生氧化性极强的羟基自由基(·OH), 从而在污染物氧化降解方面具有较大优势。目前,各种形貌的BiOI材料已被制备出来并用于光催化研究,包括块状、花状、球形、片状等,但常规单相BiOI的光生载流子易于复合,光子利用率不高。于是,人们合成了微球状ZnO/BiOI、花状g-C3N4/BiOI等复合材料,有效促进了光生电子与空穴的分离,改善了BiOI的光催化性能。然而,块状BiOI的比表面较小,表面暴露的催化反应活性位点数量不多,且光生载流子易于在体相内部发生复合,也不利于大幅度提升BiOI的光催化反应效率。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种2D/2DBiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂及其制备方法和应用,该复合材料采用经过超声剥离的2DTi3C2悬浮液与硝酸铋、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和甘油混合,再加入碘化钾水溶液,通过高温反应制备而成。该复合光催化剂具有较高的比表面积、良好的可见光响应性和高效的电子-空穴分离效率,可应用于抗生素污水治理。
实现本发明目的的技术解决方案是:2D/2D BiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂,该材料由BiOI和Ti3C2纳米片共同构成,其中,片层BiOI原位生成于片层Ti3C2纳米片表面,形成片层互嵌堆积的2D/2D(片层/片层)结构。
较佳的,BiOI与Ti3C2的质量比为10:1~20:1。
上述2D/2D BiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂的制备方法,具体步骤为:
步骤a),将金属碳化物Ti3C2分散于去离子水中,超声处理1~3h,离心并取上清液得到二维Ti3C2悬浮液;
步骤b),将步骤a)得到二维Ti3C2悬浮液加入甘油,并加入硝酸铋、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,加热,搅拌0.5~2h,得到前驱体混合溶液;
步骤c),将碘化钾水溶液逐滴加入到步骤b)得到的前驱体混合溶液中,加热反应2~5h,自然冷却至室温,洗涤,真空干燥,研磨,得到2D/2DBiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂。
进一步的,步骤a)中,二维Ti3C2悬浮液的质量浓度为15 mg/mL。
进一步的,步骤b)中,二维Ti3C2悬浮液与甘油的体积比为1:1~1:2。
进一步的,步骤b)中,硝酸铋在前驱体混合溶液中的摩尔浓度为0.1~0.5 mol/L,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与硝酸铋的质量比为1:10~1:15。
进一步的,步骤c)中,碘化钾与硝酸铋的摩尔量相等,碘化钾水溶液的摩尔浓度为0.5~1.0 mol/L,真空干燥温度和时间分别为60℃和6~12h。
本发明还提供了上述2D/2DBiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂在降解废水中染料、抗生素等有机污染物中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)Ti3C2具有很高的化学稳定性和良好的导电性,作为助催化剂负载于BiOI表面,可以有效富集光生电子,成为高效的催化反应活性位点。
(2)本发明BiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂具有2D/2D交替互嵌的堆积方式,能够产生更多的异质结界面,这使得BiOI的光生电子更易迁移至Ti3C2,电子-空穴对的分离能力得到极大提高,催化剂氧化还原能力增强。
(3)二维BiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂具有较大的比表面积和表面活性位点暴露,材料的吸附、传质能力较强,光生载流子更易迁移至材料表面,参与化学反应,光催化降解效率能够得到有效提升。
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细描述。
附图说明
图1为实施例1所得2D/2D BiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂在盐酸四环素模拟污水中的治理应用效率。
图2为实施例2所得2D/2D BiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂在盐酸四环素模拟污水中的治理应用效率。
图3为实施例3所得2D/2D BiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂在盐酸四环素模拟污水中的治理应用效率。
图4为2D/2D BiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂的制备流程图。
图5为实施例4所得2D/2D BiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂的XRD图。
图6为实施例4所得2D/2D BiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂的SEM照片。
图7为实施例4所得2D/2D BiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂的EDS元素分析。
图8为实施例4所得2D/2D BiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂的UV-DRS光谱。
图9为实施例4所得2D/2D BiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂在盐酸四环素模拟污水中的治理应用效率。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例可以使本专业技术人员更全面地理解本发明。
本发明的2D/2D BiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂,具有独特的层状交替互嵌堆积结构,较大的比表面积有助于反应物的吸附,较多的反应活性位点暴露有利于催化效率的提升,二维结构有利于光生载流子迅速迁移至材料表面参与反应。半金属性Ti3C2和BiOI形成紧密接触,有利于光生电子从半导体BiOI跃迁至Ti3C2,实现光生载流子的有效分离。因此,与单纯的BiOI相比,2D/2D复合BiOI/Ti3C2具有更高的氧化还原能力和光催化活性。该BiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂的制备流程图如图1所示。
实施例1
结合图4,将1 g Ti3C2分散于100 ml去离子水中,超声处理3h,离心并取上清液得到均匀分散的二维Ti3C2悬浮液。取10 ml二维Ti3C2悬浮液,加入10 ml甘油,随后加入2.067 gBi(NO3)3·5H2O和0.18 g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,搅拌1h,得到前驱体混合溶液。配置1.0 mol/L碘化钾水溶液,取4.26 ml加入前驱体混合溶液,升温至80℃,反应2 h,自然冷却至室温,洗涤,60℃下真空干燥8h,研磨,得到2D/2DBiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂。
图1为2D/2DBiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂用于模拟抗生素(盐酸四环素)污水的光催化处理效果,实验采用300W氙灯作为光源。从图1可以看到,对于2D/2DBiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂,30 min降解效率达到50%左右,而在120 min照射后,盐酸四环素的降解效率可达76%,复合材料表现出良好的光催化活性。
实施例2
结合图4,将1 g Ti3C2分散于100 ml去离子水中,超声处理3h,离心并取上清液得到均匀分散的二维Ti3C2悬浮液。取10 ml二维Ti3C2悬浮液,加入20 ml甘油,随后加入2.067 gBi(NO3)3·5H2O和0.15 g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,搅拌2h,得到前驱体混合溶液。配置1.0 mol/L碘化钾水溶液,取4.26 ml加入前驱体混合溶液,升温至80℃,反应2 h,自然冷却至室温,洗涤,60℃下真空干燥8h,研磨,得到2D/2DBiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂。
图2为2D/2DBiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂用于模拟抗生素(盐酸四环素)污水的光催化处理效果,实验采用300W氙灯作为光源。从图2可以看到,对于2D/2DBiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂,30 min降解效率达到53%左右,而在120 min照射后,盐酸四环素的降解效率可达83%,复合材料表现出良好的光催化活性。
实施例3
结合图4,将1 g Ti3C2分散于100 ml去离子水中,超声处理3h,离心并取上清液得到均匀分散的二维Ti3C2悬浮液。取10 ml二维Ti3C2悬浮液,加入20 ml甘油,随后加入3.101 gBi(NO3)3·5H2O和0.23 g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,搅拌2h,得到前驱体混合溶液。配置1.0 mol/L碘化钾水溶液,取6.39 ml加入前驱体混合溶液,升温至80℃,反应3 h,自然冷却至室温,洗涤,60℃下真空干燥10h,研磨,得到2D/2DBiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂。
图3为2D/2DBiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂用于模拟抗生素(盐酸四环素)污水的光催化处理效果,实验采用300W氙灯作为光源。从图3可以看到,对于2D/2DBiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂,30 min降解效率达到64%左右,而在120 min照射后,盐酸四环素的降解效率可达84%,复合材料表现出良好的光催化活性。
实施例4
结合图4,将1 g Ti3C2分散于100 ml去离子水中,超声处理3h,离心并取上清液得到均匀分散的二维Ti3C2悬浮液。取10 ml二维Ti3C2悬浮液,加入10 ml甘油,随后加入2.067 gBi(NO3)3·5H2O和0.18 g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,搅拌2h,得到前驱体混合溶液。配置0.5 mol/L碘化钾水溶液,取8.52 ml加入前驱体混合溶液,升温至80℃,反应3 h,自然冷却至室温,洗涤,60℃下真空干燥12h,研磨,得到2D/2DBiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂。
图5为单纯Ti3C2、BiOI与BiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂的XRD谱图。Ti3C2的衍射谱与其标准卡片一致,BiOI也与其晶体标准PDF卡片(JCPDS 10-0445)的出峰位置完全一致。对于BiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂,由于BiOI所占比例较大,所以其XRD与纯BiOI几乎一样,但是,仍然可以看到8°处存在Ti3C2的典型衍射峰,证明Ti3C2成功与BiOI进行了复合。
图6为2D/2DBiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂的SEM照片,可以看到,复合体系由大量片层结构堆积而成,从而证明Ti3C2与BiOI为2D/2D复合。
图7为2D/2DBiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂的EDS元素分析,结果显示,复合材料同时存在Ti、C、Bi、O、I五种元素,且元素含量与合成过程中所添加的不同前驱体比例基本相符,证明复合光催化剂由BiOI和Ti3C2共同组成。
图8为2D/2DBiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂的UV-DRS谱图。从图8可以看出,单纯Ti3C2几乎没有吸收,而纯BiOI在200~600 nm存在明显的吸收信号。复合后,由于BiOI所占比例较大,BiOI/Ti3C2的出峰位置与纯BiOI相似。
图9为2D/2DBiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂用于模拟抗生素(盐酸四环素)污水的光催化处理效果,实验采用300W氙灯作为光源。从图9可以看到,对于2D/2DBiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂,30 min降解效率达到80%左右,而在120 min照射后,盐酸四环素的降解效率可达92%,复合材料表现出较高的光催化活性。
Claims (10)
1.一种2D/2D BiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂,其特征在于,该复合光催化剂由BiOI和Ti3C2纳米片共同构成,其中,片层BiOI原位生成于片层Ti3C2纳米片表面,形成片层互嵌堆积的2D/2D结构。
2.如权利要求1所述的复合光催化剂,其特征在于,BiOI与Ti3C2的质量比为10:1~20:1。
3.一种如权利要求1或2所述的2D/2D BiOI/Ti3C2复合光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤为:
步骤a),将金属碳化物Ti3C2分散于去离子水中,超声处理1~3h,离心并取上清液得到二维Ti3C2悬浮液;
步骤b),将步骤a)得到二维Ti3C2悬浮液加入甘油,并加入硝酸铋、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,加热,搅拌0.5~2h,得到前驱体混合溶液;
步骤c),将碘化钾水溶液逐滴加入到步骤b)得到的前驱体混合溶液中,加热反应2~5h,自然冷却至室温,洗涤,真空干燥,研磨,得到所述的复合光催化剂。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤a)中,二维Ti3C2悬浮液的质量浓度为15mg/mL。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤b)中,二维Ti3C2悬浮液与甘油的体积比为1:1~1:2。
6.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤b)中,硝酸铋在前驱体混合溶液中的摩尔浓度为0.1~0.5 mol/L,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与硝酸铋的质量比为1:10~1:15。
7.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,碘化钾与硝酸铋的摩尔比为1:1。
8.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤c)中,碘化钾水溶液的摩尔浓度为0.5~1.0 mol/L,真空干燥温度和时间分别为60℃和6~12h。
9.如权利要求1或2所述的复合光催化剂在降解废水中染料中的应用。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的复合光催化剂在降解抗生素有机污染物中的应用。
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