CN111587632B - Tropical millet disease pest and weed control method - Google Patents

Tropical millet disease pest and weed control method Download PDF

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CN111587632B
CN111587632B CN202010458215.3A CN202010458215A CN111587632B CN 111587632 B CN111587632 B CN 111587632B CN 202010458215 A CN202010458215 A CN 202010458215A CN 111587632 B CN111587632 B CN 111587632B
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aqueous solution
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seeds
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CN111587632A (en
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唐力琼
王效宁
韩义胜
林延慧
侯本军
徐靖
朱红林
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Grain Crop Research Institute Hainan Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds of tropical foxtail millet, which comprises the following steps: the method for preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds of tropical foxtail millet has the advantages that the seed dressing agent, the herbicide and the bactericide are reasonably blended and act synergistically, and a whole set of comprehensive prevention and control measures are taken from preparation of ploughing, soil preparation, seedling treatment and seedling growth period, so that the occurrence of the diseases and pests of the tropical foxtail millet is greatly inhibited, underground pests and aphids are effectively prevented and controlled, the leaf premature senility, the rice blast and the like in the later period are reduced.

Description

Tropical millet disease pest and weed control method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, in particular to a method for preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds of tropical foxtail millet.
Background
Millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.) is also called millet, which is called millet after husking, and is botanically belonging to the Panicum genus of the Gramineae family. Millet is called as 'Xiao ren Shen', has balanced nutrition, has the food therapy health care functions of strengthening spleen, removing dampness, calming the nerves and the like, and is favored by people more and more along with the continuous development of modern nutriology and the gradual enhancement of the healthy diet consciousness of people. Millet likes warm and light, is very suitable for being planted in tropical regions, has good quality and good taste, has special flavor when being used for cooking porridge, brewing millet wine, making rice dumplings, coix seed cakes and other coarse cereal snacks, is popular with consumers, has high market price, and has great development and utilization potential. However, tropical regions have hot climate and much rainwater, so that the damage of blast disease, rust disease, aphid, weed and the like easily occurs to the planted millet, and the yield is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds of tropical foxtail millet, which solves the above problems.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: a method for preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds of tropical foxtail millet comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, soil treatment: carrying out soil preparation by using a rotary cultivator and then insolating for 5-10 days;
s2, seed dressing: exposing the millet seeds for 1-2 days; then placing the seeds in hot water of 40-45 ℃ for soaking for 8-10 min, continuously stirring to enable the seeds to be uniformly heated, cooling to room temperature, repeating the operation for 2-4 times, taking out the seeds, mixing the seeds with a seed mixing agent per kilogram of seeds, airing and sowing the seeds; the seed dressing agent comprises 25% of wettable powder of the daphniphora, 60% of tebuconazole, fludioxonil, 60% of imidacloprid and rooting powder;
s3, controlling weeds: spraying a glufosinate-ammonium aqueous solution and a dimethyl glyphosate aqueous solution 7-10 days before sowing; after sowing, spraying 400-450 times of 60% butachlor missible oil and 44% monosulfuron water solution per mu to seal and prevent weeds; spraying an aqueous solution prepared by mixing 48% of trichlorfon, 72% of 2,4-D butyl ester and 20% of methoxone in the seedling stage;
s4, pest control: in the 3-5 leaf stage, the hymexazol wettable powder aqueous solution and the propamocarb hydrochloride aqueous solution are sprayed; spraying 500-600 times of a 2% kasugamycin aqueous solution per mu in a period from node pulling to heading, and applying the clomazone-2 after 7-10 days; and (3) grouting to a mature grouting period, installing 50-80 armyworm plates per mu, and spraying by using a mixed aqueous solution of 1.8% of abamectin missible oil and 40% of pymetrozine and dinotefuran.
Further, in the S2 seed dressing step, the seed dressing agent used by each kilogram of seeds comprises 2-4 g of 25% wettable daphniphora powder, 1-3 g of tebuconazole, 3-5 g of fludioxonil, 2-3 g of imidacloprid and 0.5-0.8 g of rooting powder.
Further, in the step of controlling the grass injury of S3, the glufosinate-ammonium aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 50-60 kg of water with 50-80 g of glufosinate-ammonium per mu and is sprayed, and the dimethyl glyphosate aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 50-60 kg of water with 150-200 g of dimethyl glyphosate per mu and is sprayed.
Further, in the S3 weed control step, the 44% monosulfuron aqueous solution is prepared by adding 40-45 kg of water into 100-110 g of 44% monosulfuron.
Further, in the S3 weed control step, 6-8 ml of 48% trichlorfon, 10-15 ml of 72% 2,4-D butyl ester and 50-60 ml of 20% methoxone per mu in the seedling stage are mixed with 45-50 kg of water to prepare the pesticide.
Further, in the step of controlling the disease of S4, in the 3-5 leaf stage, the aqueous solution of the hymexazol wettable powder is prepared by mixing 40-50 g of the hymexazol wettable powder with 50-60 kg of water per mu and spraying, and the aqueous solution of propamocarb hydrochloride is prepared by mixing 50-70 ml of propamocarb hydrochloride with 45-50 kg of water per mu and spraying.
Further, in the step of S4 disease control, during the period from grouting to mature grouting, 1.8% of abamectin missible oil to 40% of pymetrozine and dinotefuran aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 35-45 ml of 1.8% of abamectin missible oil and 10-15 g of 40% of pymetrozine and dinotefuran with 45-50 kg of water per mu, and spraying is carried out.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method for preventing and controlling the diseases, pests and weeds of the tropical foxtail millet, the seed dressing agent, the herbicide and the bactericide are reasonably blended to play a synergistic role, and the occurrence of the diseases of the tropical foxtail millet is greatly inhibited by a whole set of comprehensive prevention and control measures from preparation of ploughing, soil preparation, seedling treatment and a seedling growth period; the seed dressing agent has obvious synergistic effect, and the components are compounded and the proper proportion is adjusted, so that the problem of weak sterilization performance of the common seed dressing agent is solved, the sterilization stability of the seed dressing agent is enhanced, and the generation of the drug resistance of grains is delayed;
the invention uses different herbicides before and after seeding aiming at the crops, the weeding composition prepared in each period obviously improves the control effect and safety of weeding, leads the active ingredients of the herbicide to quickly wet the crops, improves the permeability of the herbicide, leads the medicament to quickly reach the target, thereby greatly improving the pesticide effect, simultaneously reducing the dosage of the herbicide, avoiding the problems of the repeated use of the herbicide and pesticide residue during the regeneration of weeds and improving the control effect of the weeds;
after sowing, respectively at 3-Different bactericides are adopted for combination and proportioning in the leaf period of 5 leaves, the period from jointing to heading, the period from grouting to mature grouting, insect pest and disease which can be generated in each period are prevented and controlled, aphid is effectively prevented and controlled, the leaf senilism in the later period is reduced, and the like2The yield of crops can be improved while the diseases and insect pests are prevented, and the yield per mu reaches 307.50 kilograms.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Example 1
A method for preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds of tropical foxtail millet comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, soil treatment: using a rotary cultivator to smash soil, preparing soil and then insolating for 5 days;
s2, seed dressing: exposing the millet seeds for 1 day; soaking in 40 deg.C hot water for 8min, stirring to make seeds uniformly heated, cooling to room temperature, repeating the above operation for 2 times, taking out, mixing seeds with seed-mixing agent per kilogram of seeds, air drying, and sowing; the seed dressing agent used for each kilogram of seeds comprises 2g of 25% wettable powder of the daphniphora, 1g of tebuconazole, 3g of fludioxonil, 2g of imidacloprid and 0.5g of rooting powder;
s3, controlling weeds: spraying a glufosinate-ammonium aqueous solution and a dimethyl glyphosate aqueous solution for each mu 7-10 days before sowing; the glufosinate-ammonium aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 50g of glufosinate-ammonium with 50kg of water, and the dimethyl glyphosate aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 150g of dimethyl glyphosate with 50kg of water; after sowing, spraying 400 times of 60% butachlor missible oil and 44% monosulfuron aqueous solution per mu to perform closed weed control, wherein the 44% monosulfuron aqueous solution is prepared by adding 40kg of water into 100g of 44% monosulfuron aqueous solution; 6ml of 48 percent trichlorfon, 10ml of 72 percent 2,4-D butyl ester and 50ml of 20 percent methoxone per mu in the seedling stage are mixed with 45kg of water to prepare an aqueous solution for spraying;
s4, pest control: in the 3-5 leaf stage, an hymexazol wettable powder aqueous solution and a propamocarb hydrochloride aqueous solution are sprayed, wherein the hymexazol wettable powder aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 40g of hymexazol wettable powder with 50kg of water per mu, and the propamocarb hydrochloride aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 50ml of propamocarb hydrochloride with 45kg of water per mu; spraying 500 times of the 2% kasugamycin aqua per mu in the period from node pulling to heading, and applying the clomazone in the 2 nd time 7-10 days later; and (3) grouting to a mature grouting period, installing 50 armyworm plates per mu, and spraying an aqueous solution prepared from 35ml of 1.8% abamectin missible oil and 10g of 40% pymetrozine and dinotefuran and 45kg of water per mu.
Example 2
A method for preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds of tropical foxtail millet comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, soil treatment: using a rotary cultivator to smash soil, preparing soil and then insolating for 10 days;
s2, seed dressing: exposing the millet seeds for 2 days; soaking in 45 deg.C hot water for 10min, stirring to make the seeds uniformly heated, cooling to room temperature, repeating the above operations for 4 times, taking out, mixing seeds with seed-mixing agent per kilogram of seeds, air drying, and sowing; the seed dressing agent used for each kilogram of seeds comprises 4g of 25% wettable powder of the daphniphora, 3g of tebuconazole, 5g of fludioxonil, 3g of imidacloprid and 0.8g of rooting powder;
s3, controlling weeds: spraying a glufosinate-ammonium aqueous solution and a dimethyl glyphosate aqueous solution for each mu 7-10 days before sowing; the glufosinate-ammonium aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 80g of glufosinate-ammonium with 60kg of water, and the dimethyl glyphosate aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 200g of dimethyl glyphosate with 60kg of water; after sowing, spraying 450 times of 60% butachlor missible oil and 44% monosulfuron aqueous solution per mu to perform closed weed control, wherein the 44% monosulfuron aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 110g of 44% monosulfuron with 45kg of water; 8ml of 48 percent of trichlorfon, 15ml of 72 percent of 2,4-D butyl ester and 60ml of 20 percent of methoxone per mu in the seedling stage are mixed with 50kg of water to prepare an aqueous solution for spraying;
s4, pest control: in the 3-5 leaf stage, an hymexazol wettable powder aqueous solution and a propamocarb hydrochloride aqueous solution are sprayed, wherein the hymexazol wettable powder aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 50g of hymexazol wettable powder with 60kg of water per mu, and the propamocarb hydrochloride aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 70ml of propamocarb hydrochloride with 50kg of water per mu; spraying 600 times of 2% kasugamycin aqueous solution per mu in the period from node pulling to heading, and applying the drug for the 2 nd time after 7-10 days; and (3) grouting to a mature grouting period, installing 80 armyworm plates per mu, and spraying by using an aqueous solution prepared by mixing 45ml of 1.8% abamectin missible oil and 15g of 40% pymetrozine-dinotefuran with 50kg of water.
Example 3
A method for preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds of tropical foxtail millet comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, soil treatment: using a rotary cultivator to smash soil, preparing soil and then insolating for 8 days;
s2, seed dressing: exposing the millet seeds for 1-2 days; soaking in 42 deg.C hot water for 9min, stirring to make seeds uniformly heated, cooling to room temperature, repeating the above operation for 3 times, taking out, mixing seeds with seed-mixing agent per kilogram of seeds, air drying, and sowing; the seed dressing agent used for each kilogram of seeds comprises 3g of 25% wettable powder of the daphniphora, 2g of tebuconazole, 4g of fludioxonil, 2.5g of imidacloprid and 0.7g of rooting powder;
s3, controlling weeds: spraying a glufosinate-ammonium aqueous solution and a dimethyl glyphosate aqueous solution for each mu 7-10 days before sowing; the glufosinate-ammonium aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 65g of glufosinate-ammonium with 55kg of water, and the dimethyl glyphosate aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 180g of dimethyl glyphosate with 55kg of water; after sowing, spraying 430 times of 60% butachlor missible oil and 44% monosulfuron aqueous solution per mu to perform closed weed control, wherein the 44% monosulfuron aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 105g of 44% monosulfuron with 42kg of water; 7ml of 48 percent of trichlorfon, 12ml of 72 percent of 2,4-D butyl ester and 55ml of 20 percent of methoxone per mu in the seedling stage are mixed with 47kg of water to prepare an aqueous solution for spraying;
s4, pest control: in the 3-5 leaf stage, an hymexazol wettable powder aqueous solution and a propamocarb hydrochloride aqueous solution are sprayed, wherein the hymexazol wettable powder aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 45g of hymexazol wettable powder with 55kg of water per mu, and the propamocarb hydrochloride aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 60ml of propamocarb hydrochloride with 48kg of water per mu; spraying 550 times of the 2% kasugamycin aqua per mu in the period from node jointing to heading, and applying the clomazone 2 after 7-10 days; and (3) grouting to a mature grouting period, installing 70 armyworm plates per mu, and spraying by using an aqueous solution prepared by mixing 40ml of 1.8% abamectin missible oil and 12g of 40% pymetrozine and dinotefuran with 48kg of water.
Example 4
This example differs from example 3 in that in the S2 seed dressing step, the seed dressing agent used per kilogram of seeds comprises 1g of 25% wettable daphniphora reinhardtii powder, 4g of tebuconazole, 6g of fludioxonil, 4g of imidacloprid and 0.3g of rooting powder.
Example 5
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 3 is that in the S3 weed control step, 5ml of 48% trichlorfon, 5ml of 72% 2,4-D butyl ester and 50ml of 20% methoxone are mixed with 45-50 kg of water for each mu in the seedling stage.
Example 6
The difference between this example and example 3 is that in the disease control step of S4, the aqueous solution of the hymexazol wettable powder at the 3-5 leaf stage is prepared by mixing 30g of hymexazol wettable powder per mu with 55kg of water and spraying.
Example 7
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 3 is that in the step of S4 disease control, the 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable solution-40% pymetrozine dinotefuran aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable solution 30ml and 40% pymetrozine dinotefuran 8g with 40kg of water and spraying, during the stage of grouting to mature grouting.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example differs from example 3 in that the seed dressing agent comprises 6g of 25% wettable powder of Thymus and 7g of fludioxonil.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example is different from example 3 in that the seed dressing agent comprises 6g of 25% wettable daphniphora powder, 5g of fludioxonil and 2g of rooting powder.
Comparative example 3
The difference between the comparative example and the example 3 is that in the step of controlling the weed damage, 430 times of solution of 60 percent butachlor missible oil is used for sealing and preventing the weed per mu after sowing.
Comparative example 4
The comparative example is different from the example 3 in that in the weed damage control step, 7ml of 48% trichlorfon and 10-15 ml of 72% 2,4-D butyl ester are mixed with 47kg of water for preparation in each mu of seedling stage.
Comparative example 5
The difference between the comparative example and the example 3 is that in the step of disease control, 700-fold liquid spraying of 2% kasugamycin aqueous solution is carried out per mu from the stem-plucking stage to the heading stage.
Comparative example 6
The difference between the comparative example and the example 3 is that in the step of disease control, after the grouting to the mature grouting stage, 43ml of 1.8 percent abamectin missible oil per mu is mixed with 48kg of water to prepare the abamectin missible oil for spraying.
First, effect verification
The method for preventing and controlling the disease, pest and weed of the tropical foxtail millet is used for acting on the No. 13 field respectively in the embodiments 1 to 7 and the comparative examples 1 to 6, and the rice in the mature grain filling period of the No. 13 field is measured respectively;
the results of the measurement were as follows:
Figure BDA0002510046520000071
as can be seen from the table above, in the method for preventing and controlling the disease, pest and weed of the tropical foxtail millet, the examples 1-7 are compared with the comparative examples 1 and 2, and the seed dressing agent is composed of specific raw materials and a specific proportion, and has a synergistic effect; compared with comparative examples 3 and 4, the examples 1 to 7 are added with 44 percent of monosulfuron aqueous solution and 430 times of 60 percent of butachlor emulsifiable concentrate for spraying, which is favorable for controlling the weed damage; 20% of methoxone is added in the seedling stage for preparation and spraying, so that the weed damage is effectively controlled; compared with the comparative examples 5 and 6, the examples 1 to 7 have the advantages that 2% kasugamycin water aqua is prepared into 500-600 times of solution, and the spray prepared from the appropriate solution can achieve the best effect of preventing harm; insect pests can be reduced by adding 40% of pymetrozine and dinotefuran and 1.8% of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate; compared with the embodiment 4, the selection of the raw material proportion of the seed dressing agent can obviously improve the control effect of the diseases; compared with the examples 1-3 and 5, the weeding effect is better; compared with examples 6 and 7, the pesticide preparation of the invention for each period is sprayed, so that the control effect of the diseases, the pests and the weeds is obviously improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (2)

1. A method for preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds of tropical foxtail millet is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, soil treatment: carrying out soil preparation by using a rotary cultivator and then insolating for 5-10 days;
s2, seed dressing: exposing the millet seeds for 1-2 days; then placing the seeds in hot water of 40-45 ℃ for soaking for 8-10 min, continuously stirring to enable the seeds to be uniformly heated, cooling to room temperature, repeating the operation for 2-4 times, taking out, dressing the seeds with a seed dressing agent, airing and sowing; the seed dressing agent used for each kilogram of seeds comprises 2-4 g of 25% wettable daphniphora powder, 1-3 g of tebuconazole, 3-5 g of fludioxonil, 2-3 g of imidacloprid and 0.5-0.8 g of rooting powder;
s3, controlling weeds: spraying a glufosinate-ammonium aqueous solution and a glyphosate-dimethyl aqueous solution 7-10 days before sowing, wherein the glufosinate-ammonium aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 50-80 g of glufosinate-ammonium and 50-60 kg of water per mu and is sprayed, and the glyphosate-dimethyl aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 150-200 g of glyphosate and 50-60 kg of water per mu and is sprayed; after sowing, spraying 400-450 times of 60% butachlor missible oil and 44% monosulfuron water solution per mu to seal and prevent weeds; 6-8 ml of 48% of trichlorfon, 10-15 ml of 72% of 2,4-D butyl ester and 50-60 ml of 20% of methoxone per mu in the seedling stage are mixed with 45-50 kg of water to prepare an aqueous solution spray;
s4, pest control: in the 3-5 leaf period, 40-50 g of hymexazol wettable powder is mixed with 50-60 kg of water for spraying, and propamocarb hydrochloride aqueous solution is mixed with 50-70 ml of propamocarb hydrochloride and 45-50 kg of water for spraying; spraying 500-600 times of a 2% kasugamycin aqueous solution per mu in a period from node pulling to heading, and applying the clomazone-2 after 7-10 days; and (3) grouting to a mature grouting period, installing 50-80 armyworm plates per mu, and spraying by using 35-45 ml of 1.8% abamectin missible oil and 10-15 g of 40% pymetrozine and dinotefuran mixed with 45-50 kg of water.
2. The method for controlling the disease, pest and weed of tropical foxtail millet according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the S3 weed control step, the 44% monosulfuron water solution is prepared by adding 40-45 kg of water into 100-110 g of 44% monosulfuron water.
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