CN104365327B - High-yield and cost-saving simple cultivation method for large-group small-entity summer sowing foxtail millet - Google Patents
High-yield and cost-saving simple cultivation method for large-group small-entity summer sowing foxtail millet Download PDFInfo
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- CN104365327B CN104365327B CN201410589732.9A CN201410589732A CN104365327B CN 104365327 B CN104365327 B CN 104365327B CN 201410589732 A CN201410589732 A CN 201410589732A CN 104365327 B CN104365327 B CN 104365327B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention provides a high-yield and cost-saving simple cultivation method for large-group small-entity summer sowing foxtail millet. The high-yield and cost-saving simple cultivation method aims at achieving the mechanical wide-ridge plantation, simplifying procedures and reducing cost. The method includes the steps of selecting a ten-line wheat seeding machine with the sowing width of 200 cm; sequentially blocking seed discharge holes of the ten-line wheat seeding machine in an alternate mode from left to right, wherein the average line spacing is 40 cm; grasping the effective rainfall opportunity after the wheat harvest to complete the rotary tillage procedure, the sowing procedure and the pressing procedure at a time through the wheat sowing machine before the last ten days of June for the regions which have the accumulated temperature larger than or equal to 10 DEG C and have the temperature of about 1800 DEG C to 2000 DEG C during the period between the time when the wheat harvest is completed and the first ten days of October; spraying weed killers after sowing and before emergence or after emergency; adopting the thinning-free and final singling method when 3 to 5 main leaves appear on each millet seedling; conducting topdressing with 10 kilograms of urea in each mu at the elongation state through an intertillage soil moisture preservation and topdressing machine; conducting harvesting through a wheat harvester; reducing the speed of a draught fan system of the wheat harvester till grains can not be blown away.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the little individual high yield abridged edition simple cultivation method of a kind of big colony of grain quality.
Background technology
China Yellow River-Huai River region light in summer warm water aboundresources, can realize bi-annual planting.In local area pattern of farming, the with a long history of millet of replaying after harvesting wheat, but thinning during there is fertility due to the cultural method of tradition plantation millet, weeding, manually topdress and gather in the crops during manually cut, tie up, transport, skewer grain ear, grind and beat.Traditional cultivation method operation is numerous and diverse, to take a lot of work be to cause millet production cost apparently higher than the main cause of other crop.Therefore, grain quality area is on a declining curve, causes Semen setariae price to be continued for high.In recent years, the domestic and international research about millet cultural method is mainly centered around and exempts from thinning and the mechanical matching of results process.Relevant exempting from thinning technology, the seventies blends plantation with frying seed with normal seed, uses Mechanical course precision drilling the eighties, applies millet pelletized seeding technique the nineties.The above technology, owing to having run counter to " mass-sending " (single grain is little, and top soil power of germinateing is weak, and more grain one top lifting soil is easily emerged) growth rhythm of millet, often results in seedling effect poor;After entering this century, Sun Meirong et al. have developed M5Preparation, said preparation processes seed-grain can make the normal germination and emergence of millet, grows to when 2 leaves launch the most dead, meanwhile, has filtered out the most normal seed of 1:1.86 (A) and accounted for M5Preparation processes seed (B) and the optimal proportion that ratio is field sowing [A/ (A+B) × 100%] of mixed application rate 35 % of normal seed (A).The deficiency of this technology is that to stay Seedling to be not so good as artificial thinning uniform, Bromus inermis more difficult adaptation different drought time of being provided, the plot of different soil moisture content.Although more about the research in terms of harvest machinery equipment, but mostly gather in the crops not ideal due to row with " grain ear winding " in the ranks.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, it is provided that a kind of realize the plantation of mechanization width ridge, the little individuality of the big colony (grain ear is little and upright) of not thinning, row are not wound around with grain ear in the ranks, high yield and operation simplifies, production cost the is low little individual high yield abridged edition simple cultivation method of the big colony of grain quality.
Inventive method is:
(1) before broadcasting, regulation line-spacing implements the plantation of wide ridge;Selecting sown scope is ten wide for 200cm row wheat seeders, by its feed outlet from left to right the 2nd, 4,6,8,10 row block successively, 1st, 3,5,7,9 row seeding down sowings, under 200cm sown scope, i.e. sow 5 row, average row is away from 40cm, realize the plantation of wide ridge, it is ensured that later stage row is not wound around with grain ear in the ranks.The depth of planting of wheat seeder is adjusted to 2-3cm by original 3-4cm.
(2) sowing and application rate when robbing;For after wheat harvest to about 1800-2000 DEG C area of early October >=10 DEG C accumulated temperature (such as Huang-Huai-Hai Xia Gu district, it is predominantly located at North China, southern including Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Beijing, Tianjin and Shanxi), effective rainfall opportunity should be caught after wheat harvest, utilized the wheat seeder mixed up once to complete rotary tillage, sow, suppress operation before late June.Its application rate about 1.5 thousand grams/acre.
(3) herbicide spraying before broadcasting rear Seedling or after Seedling;Implement soil before broadcasting rear Seedling to close, before after planting emerging, if soil moisture content is suitable (table moisture in the soil is preferable), uniformly spray in face, field with 44% millet straw spirit herbicide (Gu You) wettable powder, implement soil and close.Close if soil is not carried out before broadcasting rear Seedling, stem and leaf after Seedling should be carried out and process, to the paddy field based on broad leaved weed, in the paddy Seedling 4-5 leaf phase, with 72% 2,4-d butyl ester cream uniformly sprays in ground;To the paddy field based on grassy weed, at paddy Seedling 2-3 leaf, uniformly spray in face, field with the TCE-styrene cream of 50%.
(4) 3-5 sheet leaf period not thinning, final singling;When paddy Seedling 3-5 sheet leaf period, for guaranteeing enough Basic Seedlings and period of maturation more spike number, form large population and less individuality (grain ear is little and upright), it is simple to mechanized harvest, reject the thinning in traditional planting technology, final singling operation, use the cultural method of not thinning, final singling;Period of maturation ensures that mu becomes fringe 6-8 ten thousand fringe, spike length 11.5-12.5cm, spike weight 4.5-5.0 gram.
(5) jointing stage imposes carbamide;Jointing stage uses Multifunctional cultivation soil moisture conservation fertilizer applicator every mu to chase after 10 kilograms of carbamide, can intertill soil moisture conservation, weeding simultaneously.
(6) gather in the crops with wheat harvester;Owing to grain is less, light, for avoiding blower fan system excessive, blow away grain, the blower fan system of wheat harvester must be turned down to being as the criterion can not blowing grain, field results of being allowed for access.Owing to the blower fan system of wheat harvester is turned down, paddy stalk stays in field, and can contain part paddy leaf in grain, needs further separating treatment.
Described intertillage soil moisture conservation fertilizer applicator uses Multifunctional cultivation soil moisture conservation fertilizer applicator (CN100546457C).The Early-medium maturing variety that lodging resistance is strong, insensitive to herbicide should be selected.
The agronomy key technology of the present invention have employed big colony (more traditional grain quality cultural method mu increases 2-3 ten thousand fringe) little individuality (more traditional grain quality short 6-7cm of cultural method spike length) and wide ridge (more traditional grain quality cultural method width 15-20cm) cultural method, after solving Seedling, thinning final singling and mechanized harvest are gone and a grain ear winding difficult problem in the ranks, particularly to wheat cultivation, harvest machinery adjusts slightly can be applied, expand the job area of both the above machinery, extend the activity duration, technical operation simple process, it is especially suitable for the planting system of winter-wheat in Huang-Huai wheat production zones replay millet, meet " mass-sending " growth-development law of millet, precipitation peak period, Yellow River-Huai River region needs water peak period to match with grain quality growth, more rainfall can carry the water requirement of grain quality large population.Through the Xiangfen County southern at Shanxi, Yaodu District experiment and demonstration, per mu yield is up to 360-400 kilogram, compared with traditional millet cultural method, yield can remain basically stable or slightly increase production, drastically reduce the area the numerous and diverse production process of millet and production cost, cost-effective about 500 yuan of mu, mu wound benefit 2000-2500 is first, is deeply welcome by local vast farmers.
Detailed description of the invention
The inventive method be embodied as step:
(1) before broadcasting, regulation line-spacing implements the plantation of wide ridge;To select sown scope be wide for 200cm ten row wheat rotary tillages, sow, suppresses all-in-one sowing, by its feed outlet from left to right the 2nd, 4,6,8,10 row block successively, the 1st, 3,5,7,9 row seeding downs sowings, average row is away from 40cm, realize the plantation of wide ridge, it is ensured that later stage row is not wound around with grain ear in the ranks;The depth of planting of wheat seeder is adjusted to 2-3cm by original 3-4cm.
(2) sowing and application rate when robbing;It is predominantly located at North China in Huang-Huai-Hai Xia Gu district, including behind the southern in Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Beijing, Tianjin and Shanxi and wheat harvest to late September or about 1800-2000 DEG C area of early October >=10 DEG C accumulated temperature, catch effective rainfall opportunity after wheat harvest, utilize the wheat seeder mixed up once to complete rotary tillage, sow, suppress operation before June 20.Its application rate about 1.5 thousand grams/acre.
(3) herbicide spraying before broadcasting rear Seedling or after Seedling;Implement soil before broadcasting rear Seedling to close, before after planting emerging, if soil moisture content suitable table moisture in the soil is preferable, every mu of use 44% millet straw spirit herbicide (Gu You) wettable powder 80-100 gram is to 50 kilograms of water, in millet after planting, emerge before uniformly spray in face, field, implement soil close.If soil being not carried out before broadcasting rear Seedling close, after should carrying out Seedling, stem and leaf processes, and to the paddy field based on broad leaved weed, in the paddy Seedling 4-5 leaf phase, the 2 of every mu of use 72%, 4-d butyl ester cream 40-50 milliliter, to water 30-40 liter, uniformly sprays in face, field;To the paddy field based on grassy weed, at paddy Seedling 2-3 leaf, water 30-40 is risen and uniformly sprays in face, field by the TCE-styrene cream 300-400 milliliter of every mu of use 50%.
(4) 3-5 sheet leaf period not thinning, final singling;When paddy Seedling 3-5 sheet leaf period, for guaranteeing enough Basic Seedlings and period of maturation more spike number, form large population and less individuality (grain ear is little and upright), it is simple to mechanized harvest, reject the thinning in traditional planting technology, final singling operation, use the cultural method of not thinning, final singling.
(5) jointing stage imposes carbamide;Jointing stage uses Multifunctional cultivation soil moisture conservation fertilizer applicator every mu to chase after 10 kilograms of carbamide, can intertill soil moisture conservation, weeding simultaneously.
(6) gather in the crops with wheat harvester;Owing to grain is less, light, for avoiding blower fan system excessive, blow away grain, the blower fan system of wheat harvester must be turned down, regulation to being as the criterion can not blowing grain, field results of being allowed for access.Owing to the blower fan system of wheat harvester is turned down, paddy stalk stays in field, and can contain part paddy leaf in grain, needs further separating treatment.
Can ensure that period of maturation mu becomes fringe 6-8 ten thousand fringe, spike length 11.5-12.5cm, spike weight 4.5-5.0 gram according to above-mentioned steps.
Claims (3)
1. the little individual high yield abridged edition simple cultivation method of the big colony of grain quality, is characterized in that:
(1) before broadcasting, regulation line-spacing implements the plantation of wide ridge;Selecting sown scope is ten wide for 200cm row wheat seeders, by its feed outlet from left to right the 2nd, 4,6,8,10 row block successively, the 1st, 3,5,7,9 row seeding downs sowings, average row is away from 40cm, realize the plantation of wide ridge, to guarantee that later stage row is not wound around with grain ear in the ranks;
(2) sowing and application rate when robbing;For after wheat harvest to about 1800-2000 DEG C area of the first tenday period of a month >=10 DEG C accumulated temperature in October, effective rainfall opportunity after wheat harvest should be caught, utilized wheat seeder once to complete rotary tillage, sow, suppress operation before late June;
(3) herbicide spraying before broadcasting rear Seedling or after Seedling;Implement soil before broadcasting rear Seedling to close, before after planting emerging, if soil moisture content suitable table moisture in the soil is preferable, uniformly spray in face, field with 44% millet straw spirit herbicide wettable powder, implement soil and close;Herbicide spraying after Seedling, is not carried out the paddy field that soil is closed before broadcasting rear Seedling, the 2 of available 72%, 4-d butyl ester cream or 50% TCE-styrene cream uniformly spray in face, field;
(4) 3-5 sheet leaf period not thinning, final singling;When paddy Seedling 3-5 sheet leaf period, for guaranteeing enough Basic Seedlings and period of maturation more spike number, form large population and less individuality, use the cultural method of not thinning, final singling;
(5) jointing stage imposes carbamide;Jointing stage uses intertillage soil moisture conservation fertilizer applicator every mu to chase after 10 kilograms of carbamide, intertills soil moisture conservation, weeding simultaneously;
(6) gather in the crops with wheat harvester;The blower fan system of wheat harvester is turned down to being as the criterion can not blowing grain.
2. the little individual high yield abridged edition simple cultivation method of the big colony of grain quality as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the depth of planting of wheat seeder is 2-3cm.
3. the little individual high yield abridged edition simple cultivation method of the big colony of grain quality as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that application rate is 1.5 thousand grams/acre.
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CN104996143B (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2017-06-27 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | It is a kind of to carry out the method that millet is segmented thinning using herbicide |
CN105830618B (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2018-12-21 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | A kind of millet mechanical harvesting exempts from the Band texture method of grain ear winding |
CN108812123A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-11-16 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Salt-soda soil millet cultivates cultivation method |
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CN102893739B (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2015-08-05 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Millet method for culturing and transplanting seedlings |
CN103636391A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-03-19 | 张家口市农业科学院 | Water-saving method for planting millet hybrids in extreme arid area |
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