CN111567306A

CN111567306A - Method for industrially and rapidly cultivating tree-shaped Chinese roses by using long-branch cuttage of wild red-spotted spiny vines

Info

Publication number: CN111567306A
Application number: CN202010497752.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 鲜小林; 陈睿
Original assignee: Horticulture Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Horticulture Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2020-06-04
Filing date: 2020-06-04
Publication date: 2020-08-25
Anticipated expiration: 2040-06-04
Also published as: CN111567306B

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for industrially and rapidly cultivating tree-shaped Chinese roses by using long-branch cuttage of wild Roxburgh rose, which relates to the technical field of tree-shaped Chinese rose cultivation, and comprises the following steps of selecting wild Roxburgh rose plants which are not germinated, domesticating and planting the wild Roxburgh rose plants in a nursery, trimming redundant branches of the plants, reserving 3-5 main branches, and germinating new branches again; after the main branches germinate new buds, keeping 3-5 buds of each main branch to grow into lateral branches, and removing lateral buds on the lateral branches; selecting the lateral branches after the cultivation is qualified for cuttage; periodically supplementing water and moisturizing the cuttings after cuttage, and gradually uncovering the sunshade net and the greenhouse film after the cuttings take roots and germinate; transplanting the cuttings after the shoots and leaves of the cuttings grow and are semi-lignified into pots; selecting branches with buds of Chinese roses as scions for grafting; the grafted plants are subjected to water management, periodical fertilization, insect pest control and timely lateral bud removal, and the method has the advantages of cold resistance, drought resistance, strong vitality, high convenience in modeling, capability of improving the economic value of tree-shaped Chinese roses and the like.

Description

Method for industrially and rapidly cultivating tree-shaped Chinese roses by using long-branch cuttage of wild red-spotted spiny vines

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of tree-shaped Chinese rose cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for industrially and quickly cultivating tree-shaped Chinese roses by using long-branch cuttage of wild red-burclover stems.

Background

The tree-shaped Chinese rose (rose) is a landscape cultivation form formed by grafting a Chinese rose (rose) variety on an upright stock, and changes the traditional shrub cultivation form of the Chinese rose (rose). In the prior art, the rootstocks used for grafting the Chinese roses (roses) are mainly derived from wild resource domestication or introduced into foreign rootstocks. Directly digging wild resources not only greatly destroys the ecological environment, but also inevitably causes resource shortage; the introduction of foreign stocks not only needs to worry about quarantine and pest damage, but also has higher cost. Therefore, how to protectively utilize the wild resources of China, screen the rootstock varieties with the characteristics of strong uprightness, cold resistance, drought resistance, strong grafting affinity and the like, develop the latest technologies of breeding, grafting, management and the like of the rootstock, and become the key for the development of the tree-shaped Chinese rose (rose) industry.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: aiming at the problem that the stocks for grafting the Chinese rose are not easy to artificially breed in the prior art, the method for industrially and quickly cultivating the tree-shaped Chinese rose by using the long-branch cuttage of the wild red-bulb spiny vine is provided.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the method for industrially and rapidly cultivating the tree-shaped Chinese rose by using the long-branch cuttage of the wild red-spotted spiny vine is characterized by comprising the following steps,

selecting a non-germinated wild Rosaceae plant, domesticating and planting in a nursery, trimming off the redundant branches of the plant, reserving 3-5 main branches, and germinating new branches again;

after the main branches germinate new buds, reserving 3-5 buds of each main branch to grow into lateral branches, and removing lateral buds on the lateral branches to ensure that the lateral branches are straight;

selecting the lateral branches after the cultivation is qualified for cuttage;

carrying out periodical water supplement and moisture preservation on the cuttings after cuttage, and gradually uncovering a sunshade net and a greenhouse film after the cuttings take roots and germinate to enable the cuttings to gradually adapt to climatic conditions;

transplanting the cuttings after the new buds shoot, long leaves and semi-lignification into a pot;

selecting a branch with buds of a Chinese rose variety with strong affinity with the red-spotted burry as a scion for grafting;

and (3) carrying out moisture management on the grafted plant, periodically fertilizing, controlling insect pests and timely removing lateral buds.

Preferably, the time for selecting the wild rosa roxburghii tratt plant of the non-sprouting rosaceous plant is 11 months-1 month, the age of the selected wild rosa roxburghii tratt plant is 3-5 years, and the plant grows and distributes in the Qinba mountain area with the altitude of 1000-2800 m.

Preferably, the specific conditions of the qualified lateral branches are as follows: the thickness reaches more than 1cm, the branch length is 1.2m, the branch ends are straight, the growth is robust, and no diseases or insect pests exist.

Preferably, the specific conditions of the cuttage are as follows: soaking the plant section in IBA solution with the concentration of 0.2mg/L for 30 minutes, wherein the proportion of the cuttage matrix is as follows: and (3) 1:1, irrigating and sterilizing the matrix by using 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 800-.

Preferably, after the sunshade net is completely uncovered, 70% of carbendazim 1000-fold liquid and 10% of imidacloprid 2500-fold liquid are used for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, new buds growing at the lower parts of the branches are wiped off, and after the new buds grow to 4-5 leaves, low-concentration nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 2-3 times.

Preferably, the matrix in the pot for transplanting is selected from the group consisting of vegetable garden soil: leaf mold: turf =3:1: 1.

Preferably, the method for laying the substrate in the basin comprises the following steps: firstly paving about 3-5cm of matrix in the pot, then paving 10-15g of slow release fertilizer, then paving about 8-10cm of matrix, and then planting the rootstock, wherein the matrix is kept 2-3cm away from the top of the pot.

Preferably, the specific grafting method of the scion is as follows: and 2 newly grown branches are selected from the opposite positions of two sides of the stock to be respectively grafted with 1 bud, or 2 buds are directly grafted on the trunk of the stock, and the grafted branches are wrapped and bundled by plastic strips to expose the buds so as to isolate air and rainwater.

Preferably, the clearing time of the lateral bud of the grafted plant is as follows: when the buds germinate and grow to 3-4 leaves, cutting off other branches on the rootstock and wiping off lateral buds growing on the rootstock; the specific conditions of the periodic fertilization are as follows: and irrigating the low-concentration nitrogen fertilizer at intervals of 15 days for 3-4 times continuously.

Preferably, after the grafting step, a reseeding step is further included, and the reseeding step is as follows: when branches which are not grafted and survive or are poorly managed and died exist, the branches are grafted again in autumn or spring of the next year according to the method.

In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the rootstocks for grafting the Chinese roses in the prior art are not easy to artificially breed. The method selects the rosa roxburghii tratt which is widely distributed in the Qinba mountainous area, cuts branches and cuts the branches as stocks to graft the rosa chinensis (rose) variety, and the rosa chinensis (rose) is cultivated into a tree form. The rosa roxburghii hance has strong affinity with certain varieties of rosa chinensis (roses), is cold-resistant, drought-resistant and tenacious in vitality, has the plant height of 1-1.5m, is more convenient to shape, and can improve the economic value of tree-shaped rosa chinensis (roses).

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;

the labels in the figure are: S1-S7 represent the respective steps.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that: reference numerals and letters in the specification denote similar items in the following drawings, and thus, once an item is defined in one drawing, it is not necessary to further define and explain it in the following drawings.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or the orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention usually place when in use, and are simply used for simplifying the description of the present invention, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements indicated must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not imply that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or pendant, but rather may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.

In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the two original pieces can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or the two original pieces can be communicated with each other. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

selecting the lateral branches after the cultivation is qualified for cuttage;

The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.

Example 1

The method for industrially and quickly cultivating the tree-shaped Chinese rose by using the long-branch cuttage of the wild red-bulb roxburgh rose provided by the preferred embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:

1. plant domestication: before buds do not germinate in winter or in the early spring (11-1 month), selecting a 3-5-year-old plant of rosaceous plant, namely the rosaceous plant, which is wild and distributed in a 2800m area of the Qinba mountain area at the altitude of 1000-.

2. Main stem cultivation: after the main branches sprout new buds, 3-5 buds of each main branch are reserved to grow into lateral branches, and in the growth process of the lateral branches, the lateral buds on the branches need to be smeared for 2-3 times every year so as to ensure that the branch ends are straight.

3. Stock cuttage: and (3) pruning the lateral branches which are cultivated for more than 3 years or have the thickness of more than 1cm and have straight ends, strong growth and no plant diseases and insect pests (one branch is reserved for synchronous step 2 to be used for continuously cultivating the lateral branches) in 2-3 months in early spring, and cutting off the upper branches with terminal buds after the branches are reserved for about 1.2 m. As the rosa roxburghii hance is a plant difficult to root, the rosa roxburghii hance is required to be soaked in IBA solution with the concentration of 0.2mg/L for 30 minutes and then is cut in grass carbon: in the matrix of sand =3:1, the matrix is irrigated and sterilized by 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 800-. Spraying water after inserting, covering with a small arched shed, covering with a sunshade net with shading degree of 90%, keeping humidity in the shed about 80%, keeping the matrix moist but not accumulating water.

4. Managing after the insertion: the humidity in the greenhouse is maintained by sprinkling irrigation and water supplement often and spraying, and after the roots germinate, the sunshade net and the greenhouse film are gradually uncovered, so that the cuttings gradually adapt to the climatic conditions. The sun-shading net and the greenhouse film are forbidden to be discarded once, so that the sprouts cannot be withered due to the fact that the sprouts are not suitable for external climate. After the sunshade net and the greenhouse film are completely uncovered, 70% carbendazim 1000-fold liquid and 10% imidacloprid 2500-fold liquid are used for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, buds growing at the lower parts of the branches are removed, and after the buds grow to 4-5 leaves, low-concentration nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 2-3 times.

5. Transplanting rootstocks: transplanting the buds into a pot with the caliber of about 30cm after the buds shoot and grow leaves and are semi-lignified, wherein the matrix in the pot is vegetable garden soil: leaf mold: the peat =3:1:1, firstly paving about 3-5cm of matrix in the pot, then paving 10-15g of slow release fertilizer (preferably farmyard manure), then paving about 8-10cm of matrix, then planting the rootstock, and reserving 2-3cm of matrix away from the top of the pot for watering.

6. Grafting variety: selecting a rose (rose) variety with strong affinity with the red-spotted spiny vine, taking branches with buds, which are free from diseases and insects and lignified, as scions in early spring, selecting 2 newly grown branches at opposite positions on two sides of a stock, grafting 1 bud respectively, or directly grafting 2 buds on a trunk of the stock, bundling the buds by using a plastic strip package after grafting, and exposing the buds to avoid rain leakage and air leakage.

7. And (4) management after connection: after grafting, watering thoroughly once, paying attention to water management during growth period, and keeping the matrix wet; when the temperature rises again and the buds germinate and grow to 3-4 leaves, cutting off other branches on the stock in time and wiping off lateral buds growing on the stock; irrigating and applying low-concentration nitrogen fertilizer at intervals of about 15 days during the growth period for 3-4 times continuously, and paying attention to pest control; if branches which are not grafted and survive or are poorly managed and died exist, the branches can be grafted again in autumn or spring of the next year according to the method; in spring of the next year, the bundled plastic strips can be cut off after the branches growing out of the scions sprout, and then the cultivated tree-shaped Chinese rose (roses) are managed according to normal water and fertilizer medicines.

The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: the rootstocks for grafting the Chinese roses in the prior art are not easy to artificially breed. The method selects the rosa roxburghii tratt which is widely distributed in the Qinba mountainous area, cuts branches and cuts the branches as stocks to graft the rosa chinensis (rose) variety, and the rosa chinensis (rose) is cultivated into a tree form. The rosa roxburghii hance has strong affinity with certain varieties of rosa chinensis (roses), is cold-resistant, drought-resistant and tenacious in vitality, has the plant height of 1-1.5m, is more convenient to shape, and can improve the economic value of tree-shaped rosa chinensis (roses).

The above description is an embodiment of the present invention. The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the preferred embodiments in each preferred embodiment can be combined and used in any combination if not obviously contradictory or prerequisite to a certain preferred embodiment, and the specific parameters in the examples and the embodiments are only for the purpose of clearly explaining the inventor's invention verification process and are not intended to limit the patent protection scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims and the equivalent structural changes made by the content of the description of the present invention are also included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The method for industrially and rapidly cultivating the tree-shaped Chinese rose by using the long-branch cuttage of the wild red-spotted spiny vine is characterized by comprising the following steps,

selecting the lateral branches after the cultivation is qualified for cuttage;

2. The method for industrially and rapidly cultivating the tree-shaped Chinese rose by using the long-shoot cuttage of the wild red-rooted salvia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the time for selecting the wild rosa roxburghii tratt plant of the non-budding rosaceous plant is 11 months-1 month, the age of the selected wild rosa roxburghii tratt plant is 3-5 years, and the plant grows and distributes in the Qinba mountain area with the altitude of 1000-2800 m.

3. The method for industrially and rapidly cultivating the tree-shaped Chinese rose by using the long-shoot cuttage of the wild red-spiny vine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific conditions for cultivating the qualified lateral shoot are as follows: the thickness reaches more than 1cm, the branch length is 1.2m, the branch ends are straight, the growth is robust, and no diseases or insect pests exist.

4. The method for industrially and rapidly cultivating tree-shaped Chinese roses by using long-shoot cuttage of wild red-spiny vines according to claim 1, wherein the specific conditions of the cuttage are as follows: soaking the plant section in IBA solution with the concentration of 0.2mg/L for 30 minutes, wherein the proportion of the cuttage matrix is as follows: and (3) 1:1, irrigating and sterilizing the matrix by using 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 800-.

5. The method for industrially and rapidly cultivating the tree-shaped Chinese rose by using the long-shoot cuttage of the wild red-spurge vine according to claim 1, wherein after the sunshade net is completely uncovered, 70% of 1000-fold liquid of carbendazim and 10% of 2500-fold liquid of imidacloprid are used for controlling plant diseases and insect pests, new buds growing at the lower part of the branch are wiped off, and after the new buds grow to 4-5 leaves, low-concentration nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 2-3 times.

6. The method for industrially and rapidly cultivating tree-shaped Chinese roses by using long-shoot cuttage of wild red-spiny vines according to claim 1, wherein the matrix in a pot for transplanting is the soil of a vegetable garden: leaf mold: turf =3:1: 1.

7. The method for industrially and rapidly cultivating the tree-shaped Chinese rose by using the long-shoot cuttage of the wild red-spiny vine according to claim 6, wherein the method for laying the matrix in the pot comprises the following steps: firstly paving about 3-5cm of matrix in the pot, then paving 10-15g of slow release fertilizer, then paving about 8-10cm of matrix, and then planting the rootstock, wherein the matrix is kept 2-3cm away from the top of the pot.

8. The method for industrially and rapidly cultivating tree-shaped Chinese roses by using long-shoot cuttage of wild red-spiny vines according to claim 1, wherein the specific grafting method of the scions is as follows: and 2 newly grown branches are selected from the opposite positions of two sides of the stock to be respectively grafted with 1 bud, or 2 buds are directly grafted on the trunk of the stock, and the grafted branches are wrapped and bundled by plastic strips to expose the buds so as to isolate air and rainwater.

9. The method for industrially and rapidly cultivating the tree-shaped Chinese rose by using the long-shoot cutting of the wild red-spotted bayonet as claimed in claim 8, wherein the removing time of the lateral buds of the grafted plant is as follows: when the buds germinate and grow to 3-4 leaves, cutting off other branches on the rootstock and wiping off lateral buds growing on the rootstock; the specific conditions of the periodic fertilization are as follows: and irrigating the low-concentration nitrogen fertilizer at intervals of 15 days for 3-4 times continuously.

10. The method for industrially and rapidly cultivating tree-shaped Chinese roses by using long-shoot cuttage of wild red-spiny vines according to claim 1, further comprising a reseeding step after the grafting step, wherein the reseeding step comprises the following steps: when branches which are not grafted and survive or are poorly managed and died exist, the branches are grafted again in autumn or spring of the next year according to the method.