CN111512903A - Ecological restoration method for coal gangue dump - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for coal gangue dump Download PDFInfo
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- CN111512903A CN111512903A CN202010399989.3A CN202010399989A CN111512903A CN 111512903 A CN111512903 A CN 111512903A CN 202010399989 A CN202010399989 A CN 202010399989A CN 111512903 A CN111512903 A CN 111512903A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for recovering the ecology of a coal gangue dump, which comprises the following steps: arranging the coal gangue dump into a gentle slope terrain with an inclination angle smaller than 35 degrees, covering red soil on the surface of the coal gangue, and covering soil for leveling to obtain the arranged coal gangue dump; opening the holes at fixed points with the row spacing of 60cm and the plant spacing of 40cm, soaking the pigeon pea seeds for accelerating germination, and sowing seeds of the pigeon pea seeds after soaking and accelerating germination in each hole; or planting vetiver grass seedlings in each hole; soaking the pigeon pea seeds for accelerating germination, and planting the pigeon pea seeds and vetiver grass seedlings at intervals according to holes after soaking and accelerating germination; and then applying farmyard manure, watering every week, managing plant diseases and insect pests at the seedling stage, watering roots with 40% carbendazim suspending agent at the early stage of the disease development at the seedling stage to prevent root rot, controlling pod borers with 5% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent at the peak of egg laying of the pod borers, and controlling vetiver aphids with 40% omethoate missible oil at the flowering stage of the vetiver to finish ecological restoration of the coal gangue dump. The method is simple, strong in operability, low in cost, good in ecological restoration effect of the coal gangue dump and high in greening coverage rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration of a coal gangue hill, and particularly relates to an ecological restoration method of the coal gangue hill.
Background
The coal gangue is solid waste generated in the coal mining and processing process, and is black and gray rock with lower carbon content than coal hardness. The method comprises the steps of tunneling, mining waste rocks from a top plate, a bottom plate and an interlayer and washing waste rocks picked out in the coal washing process, wherein the discharge amount of the waste rocks accounts for 10% -25% of that of raw coal, and the waste rocks are one of main pollution sources in a mining area. According to statistics, the emission of coal gangue in China reaches 70 hundred million tons in 2017, the emission of coal gangue is increased by 3 hundred million tons every year, and the occupied land is about 3 million hectares. And more than 300 gangue piles are over-spontaneous combustion or spontaneous combustion in nearly 2000 gangue piles. A large amount of toxic gas and dust are released from the coal gangue in the weathering or spontaneous combustion process, which seriously affects the ecological environment and pollutes the atmosphere and water bodies. Meanwhile, the method has great influence on local residents and vegetation, and finally causes serious social problems.
Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (Linn.) Millsp.) is a Cajanus DC (Leguminosae) grain and medicine dual-purpose crop, is drought-resistant, barren-resistant, easy to cultivate, rich in root system and root nodule, and is suitable for planting in barren mountains and sloping fields. Is an excellent pioneer tree species for afforestation and water and soil conservation in mountainous and barren mountains in south China. The enriched root nodules play an important role in soil improvement and fertility improvement. The pigeon pea has rich nutrient substances and high protein content, can be used as a non-staple food for human beings, and has great development value. In addition, the cajan leaves are favorite plants of livestock (cattle and sheep) and can be used as high-quality feed of the livestock.
Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash is a perennial, strong herb of the genus Vetiveria of the family Gramineae. Has the characteristics of strong adaptability, fast growth, developed root system, drought resistance, flooding resistance, salt resistance, heavy metal resistance, barren resistance and the like, and is listed as an ideal water and soil conservation plant by more than 120 countries and regions in the world. The fibrous root system is developed and can be as deep as 2-3 m.
Currently, coal gangue ecological restoration plants in different regions in China are selected differently, and the Shanxi province mainly comprises locust, arborvitae, alfalfa and the like. Beijing is vitex negundo, thousand-headed toon, Acer truncatum, etc. Northeast of China is conifer, caulis Kadsurae Coccineae, and radix Puerariae. Guizhou is white poplar, white birch, vetiver and the like. The Liaoning province is torch tree, locust tree, caragana, etc. The main disadvantages of these plants in the ecological restoration process are on the one hand the poor ecological restoration effect and on the other hand the high cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the ecological restoration method for the coal gangue dump, which is simple, strong in operability, low in cost, good in ecological restoration effect and high in greening coverage rate and aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for recovering the ecology of a coal gangue dump comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging the coal gangue dump into a gentle slope terrain with an inclination angle smaller than 35 degrees, covering red soil on the surface of the coal gangue, and covering soil for leveling to obtain the arranged coal gangue dump;
s2, opening holes at fixed points on the prepared coal gangue hill obtained in S1 according to the row spacing of 60cm and the plant spacing of 40cm, soaking the pigeon pea seeds for germination for 8-12 h, and sowing 2-3 pigeon pea seeds soaked for germination in each hole; or 2-3 seedlings of vetiver grass are planted in each hole; planting the soaked and sprouted pigeon pea seeds and vetiver grass seedlings at intervals according to holes, wherein 2-3 vetiver grass seedlings are planted in each hole; or soaking 2-3 pigeon pea seeds subjected to germination acceleration; then applying farmyard manure, watering for 1-2 times per week with 20m of water for each time3And (2) performing seedling-stage pest management, watering roots of the seedlings with 40% carbendazim suspending agent with dilution times of 1000-1500 times of liquid at the early stage of seedling stage disease incidence to prevent and control root rot, using 5% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent with the dosage of 30-60 mL/mu to prevent and control bean pod borers at the peak of egg laying of pod borers, and using 40% omethoate emulsifiable concentrate with dilution times of 1000 times to prevent and control vetiver aphids at the flowering stage of vetiver when planting vetiver, so as to finish ecological restoration of coal gangue dump.
The vetiver grass belongs to perennial thick and strong herbaceous plants, has the characteristics of strong adaptability, fast growth, developed root system, drought resistance, flooding resistance, salt resistance, heavy metal resistance and barren resistance, realizes the ecological restoration of the coal gangue hill, and has the characteristics of simple method, low restoration cost, high plant survival rate, coverage and yield, developed root system, and good ecological benefit and economic benefit.
Preferably, the thickness of the red soil in S1 is 15 cm-30 cm.
Preferably, the farmyard manure in S2 is a mixture of chicken manure and sheep manure in a mass ratio of 1: 1.
Preferably, the application amount of the farmyard manure in S2 is 1.0 × 105g/mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method is simple, strong in operability, low in cost, good in ecological restoration effect of the coal gangue dump and high in greening coverage rate, and the pigeonpea with strong stress resistance is selected as a test plant and an auxiliary engineering means according to the characteristics of the coal gangue dump from the comprehensive aspects of ecological restoration, environmental management, economic benefit and the like of the coal gangue dump, so that the hidden dangers that the coal gangue dump pollutes atmosphere and rivers, the coal gangue dump collapses and slides and the like are effectively solved while the coal gangue dump is greened and managed. Meanwhile, a theoretical foundation is laid for later-stage pigeon pea application in stony desertification and ecological restoration of non-coal mines, and the combination of ecological management and industrial poverty alleviation is realized. Experiments prove that the pigeon pea has good growth vigor under the severe conditions of poor field conditions, severe ecological environment, fragile ecological system, difficult ecological restoration, drought, barren, acidification, heavy metal pollution and the like, has developed root system and strong soil fixing capacity, and has the advantages of drought resistance, barren resistance, strong adaptability and the like. And the plant symbiotic with rhizobia, which can effectively improve soil fertility, is considered as an optimal plant resource for maintaining and improving natural environment and ecological balance. Meanwhile, the pigeon peas are perennial plants, have good growth vigor in spring and summer, blossom and fruit in autumn and winter, sprout, blossom and fruit in the next year, and avoid the heavy labor cost of harvesting and repeated planting. The ecological restoration of the coal gangue dump is realized, and the method has the characteristics of simplicity, low restoration cost, high plant survival rate, coverage and yield and good ecological and economic benefits. The vetiver grass belongs to perennial stout herbaceous plants and has the characteristics of strong adaptability, fast growth, developed root system, drought resistance, flooding resistance, salt resistance, heavy metal resistance and barren resistance. The single-broadcast or mixed-broadcast of the two can be beneficial to the ecological restoration of the coal gangue dump.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The ecological restoration method for the coal gangue dump comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging the coal gangue dump into a gentle slope terrain with an inclination angle smaller than 35 degrees, covering red soil with the thickness of 30cm on the surface of the coal gangue, and covering soil for leveling to obtain the arranged coal gangue dump;
s2, soaking the pigeon pea seeds for accelerating germination for 8 hours, performing fixed point hole opening on the prepared coal gangue hill obtained in S1 according to the row spacing of 60cm and the plant spacing of 40cm, sowing 2-3 pigeon pea seeds soaked for accelerating germination in each hole, and applying farmyard manure consisting of a mixture of chicken manure and sheep manure in a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the application amount of the farmyard manure is 1.0 × 105g/mu, watering for 2 times per week with water amount of 20m each time3And (2) performing seedling-stage pest management, watering the roots of the seedlings with 40% carbendazim suspending agent with the dilution multiple of 1000 times liquid at the early stage of seedling-stage disease development to prevent and control root rot, and using 5% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent with the dosage of 30 mL/mu to prevent and control the podophyllata borer at the peak of egg laying of the podophyllata borer, so as to complete ecological restoration of the coal gangue dump.
After the ecological restoration of the coal gangue dump for 8 months, the survival rate of the pigeon pea is 87%, the vegetation coverage rate is 98%, the average plant height of the pigeon pea is 3.1m, the base stem is 15cm thick, and the root length is 1.5 m; after one year of implementation, the pigeon pea plants germinate and grow again, the survival rate of the pigeon pea plants is 86%, the vegetation coverage rate is more than 96%, the average plant height of the pigeon pea plants is 3.3m, the thickness of basal stems is 18cm, and the root length is 2.0 m.
Example 2
The ecological restoration method for the coal gangue dump comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging the coal gangue dump into a gentle slope terrain with an inclination angle smaller than 35 degrees, covering red soil with the thickness of 15cm on the surface of the coal gangue, and covering soil for leveling to obtain the arranged coal gangue dump;
s2, soaking the pigeon pea seeds for pregermination for 12h, performing fixed point hole opening on the prepared coal gangue hill obtained in S1 according to the row spacing of 60cm and the plant spacing of 40cm, sowing 2-3 pigeon pea seeds soaked for pregermination in each hole, and applying farmyard manure consisting of a mixture of chicken manure and sheep manure in a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the application amount of the farmyard manure is 1.0 × 105g/mu, watering for 2 times per week with the water amount of 20m3And (2) performing seedling-stage pest and disease management, watering the roots of the seedlings with 40% carbendazim suspending agent with the dilution multiple of 1500 times of liquid at the early stage of seedling-stage disease development to prevent and control root rot, and using 5% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent with the dosage of 60 mL/mu to prevent and control the podophyllata borer at the peak of egg laying of the podophyllata borer, so as to complete ecological restoration of the coal gangue dump.
After the ecological restoration of the coal gangue dump for 8 months, the survival rate of the pigeon pea is 87%, the vegetation coverage rate is 98%, the average plant height of the pigeon pea is 3.1m, the base stem is 15cm thick, and the root length is 1.5 m; after one year of implementation, the pigeon pea plants germinate and grow again, the survival rate of the pigeon pea plants is 86%, the vegetation coverage rate is more than 96%, the average plant height of the pigeon pea plants is 3.3m, the thickness of basal stems is 18cm, and the root length is 2.0 m.
Example 3
The ecological restoration method for the coal gangue dump comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging the coal gangue dump into a gentle slope terrain with an inclination angle smaller than 35 degrees, covering red soil with the thickness of 30cm on the surface of the coal gangue, and covering soil for leveling to obtain the arranged coal gangue dump;
s2, soaking the pigeon pea seeds for accelerating germination for 8 hours, performing fixed point hole opening on the prepared coal gangue hill obtained in S1 according to the row spacing of 60cm and the plant spacing of 40cm, planting 2-3 vetiver seedlings in each hole, and applying farmyard manure consisting of a mixture of chicken manure and sheep manure in a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the application amount of the farmyard manure is 1.0 × 105g/mu, watering for 2 times per week with water amount of 20m each time3Per mu, performing seedling stage pest and disease damage management, watering the roots of the seedlings with 40% carbendazim suspending agent with dilution times of 1000 times liquid at the early stage of seedling stage disease occurrence to prevent and control root rot, and in the peak laying period of the pod borers,5% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent with the dosage of 30 mL/mu is used for preventing and controlling the leguminous borer, and 40% omethoate emulsifiable concentrate diluted by 1000 times is used for preventing and controlling the vetiver aphids in the flowering phase of the vetiver, so that ecological restoration of the coal gangue dump is completed.
After the coal gangue dump is ecologically recovered for 8 months, the survival rate of the vetiver grass is 85 percent, the vegetation coverage rate is 95 percent, the average plant height of the vetiver grass is 1.6m, and the root length is 25 cm; after one year of implementation, the vetiver grass plants germinate and grow again, the survival rate of the vetiver grass is 80 percent, the vegetation coverage rate is more than 85 percent, the average plant height of the vetiver grass is up to 1.8m, and the root length is up to 40 cm.
Example 4
The ecological restoration method for the coal gangue dump comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging the coal gangue dump into a gentle slope terrain with an inclination angle smaller than 35 degrees, covering red soil with the thickness of 15cm on the surface of the coal gangue, and covering soil for leveling to obtain the arranged coal gangue dump;
s2, soaking pigeon pea seeds for pregermination for 12h, performing fixed-point hole opening on the prepared coal gangue hill obtained in S1 according to the row spacing of 60cm and the plant spacing of 40cm, planting the pigeon pea seeds and vetiver grass seedlings which are soaked for pregermination at intervals according to holes, planting 2-3 vetiver grass seedlings in each hole or soaking 2-3 vetiver grass seeds after pregermination, and then applying farmyard manure consisting of a mixture of chicken manure and sheep manure in a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the application amount of the farmyard manure is 1.0 × 105g/mu, watering for 2 times per week with the water amount of 20m3And (2) performing seedling-stage pest and disease management, watering the roots of the seedlings with 40% carbendazim suspending agent with the dilution multiple of 1500 times of liquid at the early stage of seedling-stage disease development to prevent and control root rot, and using 5% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent with the dosage of 60 mL/mu to prevent and control the podophyllata borer at the peak of egg laying of the podophyllata borer, so as to complete ecological restoration of the coal gangue dump.
After the ecological restoration of the coal gangue dump for 8 months, the survival rate of the pigeon pea is 88 percent, the average plant height of the pigeon pea reaches 3.3m, the thickness of the basal stem reaches 16cm, and the root length reaches 1.6 m; the survival rate of the vetiver grass is 90 percent, the average plant height of the vetiver grass reaches 1.8m, and the root length reaches 30 cm; after one year of implementation, the pigeon pea plants germinate and grow again, the survival rate of pigeon pea is 87%, the average plant height of pigeon pea is 3.4m, the thickness of basal stem is 17cm, and the root length is 1.7 m. The survival rate of the vetiver grass is 78 percent, the average plant height of the vetiver grass is 2.0m, and the root length is 35 cm. The total coverage rate of the vegetation is more than 99 percent.
With the comprehensive examples 1-4, the mixed sowing effect of pigeon pea and vetiver grass according to the proportion is the best.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for restoring ecology of a coal gangue dump is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, arranging the coal gangue dump into a gentle slope terrain with an inclination angle smaller than 35 degrees, covering red soil on the surface of the coal gangue, and covering soil for leveling to obtain the arranged coal gangue dump;
s2, opening holes at fixed points on the prepared coal gangue hill obtained in S1 according to the row spacing of 60cm and the plant spacing of 40cm, soaking the pigeon pea seeds for germination for 8-12 h, and sowing 2-3 pigeon pea seeds soaked for germination in each hole; or 2-3 seedlings of vetiver grass are planted in each hole; planting the soaked and sprouted pigeon pea seeds and vetiver grass seedlings at intervals according to holes, wherein 2-3 vetiver grass seedlings are planted in each hole; or soaking 2-3 pigeon pea seeds subjected to germination acceleration; then applying farmyard manure, watering for 1-2 times per week with 20m of water for each time3And (2) performing seedling-stage pest management, watering roots of the seedlings with 40% carbendazim suspending agent with dilution times of 1000-1500 times of liquid at the early stage of seedling stage disease incidence to prevent and control root rot, using 5% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent with the dosage of 30-60 mL/mu to prevent and control bean pod borers at the peak of egg laying of pod borers, and using 40% omethoate emulsifiable concentrate with dilution times of 1000 times to prevent and control vetiver aphids at the flowering stage of vetiver when planting vetiver, so as to finish ecological restoration of coal gangue dump.
2. The ecological restoration method for the gangue dump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the red soil in S1 is 15 cm-30 cm.
3. The ecological restoration method for the coal gangue dump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the farmyard manure in S2 is a mixture of chicken manure and sheep manure in a mass ratio of 1: 1.
4. The ecological restoration method for the gangue dump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of farmyard manure applied in S2 is 1.0 × 105g/mu.
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Application publication date: 20200811 |