CN111512810B - Melon grafting seedling method - Google Patents
Melon grafting seedling method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
- A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N59/02—Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a melon grafting seedling raising method, which belongs to the technical field of melon planting and comprises the following steps: selecting a stock, selecting a scion, cutting the stock, cutting the scion, jointing the stock and the scion, managing seedling stage, hardening seedlings and planting, wherein the stock is a white-seed pumpkin, the oblique plane of the scion and the oblique plane of the stock are firmly stuck in the step of jointing the stock and the scion, a piece of grafting paste is stuck on the periphery of a grafting opening, and then the grafting paste is firmly clamped by a grafting clamp. The melon grafting seedling raising method solves the problems of loose joints, water loss of seedling leaves, graft joint infection and the like in the melon grafting process, so as to achieve the purposes of improving the melon grafting survival rate, improving the melon strong seedling rate and providing healthy and high-quality seedlings for the melon industry development.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of melon planting, in particular to a melon grafting seedling method.
Background
The muskmelon is an annual vine herbaceous plant in the cucurbitaceae and the muskmelon genus, is widely cultivated in various parts of China and is also widely cultivated in tropical regions in the world. The melons are important melon economic crops, the cultivation economic benefit is good, and the cultivation of the melons becomes an important way for increasing the economic income of farmers in many areas. China is a large country for producing and consuming melons, according to statistics of the world Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), the sowing area of the melons in China in 2009 is 59 ten thousand hectares, and the total yield is 1462 ten thousand tons, which respectively account for 46% and 53% of the sowing area and the total yield in the world. Therefore, the production of melons in China plays an important role in the world.
The soil-borne diseases such as blight and the like of the melons are serious in damage, and continuous cropping obstacles are easy to occur, so that the melons are forbidden to be continuously cropped with melon crops, and the method for preventing and controlling the soil-borne diseases such as the blight and the like of the melons by adopting grafting seedling raising is the simplest and most effective method. However, the melon grafting seedling raising is easy to generate incompatibility, the requirements on the stock varieties are high, the stock varieties suitable for melon grafting are few, and meanwhile, the requirements on the grafting technology of melons are also high. At present, the grafting method of the muskmelon mainly comprises a proximity grafting method, a cleft grafting method, a paste grafting method, a grafting method and the like, and the common methods are the proximity grafting method and the grafting method. However, no matter which grafting method is used, the melon is easy to have untight interface and poor healing of cut during grafting, the water and nutrient supply amount of the part above the interface is reduced, and the melon is wilted, or air is dry, the leaves of the seedling lose water to cause poor healing of wound, or epidemic disease infects the grafting interface, so that the stem base part is in the state of water immersion, softening and shrinking and the like, and the inner part is rotten and smells, or amber and white jelly flows out, and the grafting failure is caused under the conditions, and the grafting survival rate is reduced. Therefore, the popularization rate of melon grafting seedling raising is low, how to popularize and promote melon grafting seedling raising technology is to effectively control the occurrence of soil-borne diseases such as blight and the like, improve the melon grafting survival rate and provide healthy and high-quality seedlings for melon industry development, and the problem to be solved urgently in melon production is formed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a melon grafting seedling raising method, which solves the problems of loose joints, water loss of seedling leaves, graft joint infection and the like in the melon grafting process, so as to achieve the purposes of improving the melon grafting survival rate and providing healthy and high-quality seedlings for the melon industry development.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means:
a melon grafting seedling method comprises the following steps:
selecting the rootstock: selecting stock seedlings with flat cotyledon leaves, initially spread first true leaves and 4-5cm high seedlings;
selecting scions: selecting a melon scion seedling with flat cotyledon leaves, a first true leaf, a second true leaf and a height of 6-8cm, wherein the first true leaf is unfolded, and the second true leaf is initially exposed;
stock cutting: gently beveling the blade at the top end of the stock at an angle of 30-40 degrees, removing a cotyledon and a growing point, wherein the length of the beveling is 1-1.5 cm;
scion cutting: the blade is obliquely cut and cuts off stems at an angle of 30-35 degrees upwards at a position 1-2cm below the bottom of the cotyledon at one side of the scion;
and (3) jointing the stock and the ear: firmly attaching the oblique surface of the scion and the oblique surface of the stock, attaching a grafting sticker around the grafting opening, and then firmly clamping by using a grafting clamp to obtain a grafted seedling;
the grafting paste is tightly adhered to the periphery of the grafting opening, so that the grafting paste can tightly wrap the wound, can inhibit the water transpiration of plants, reduce the loss of water, keep the wound moist, promote the growth of healing tissues, shorten the formation time of the healing tissues, prevent germs from invading from the grafting opening to cause epidemic diseases and reduce the grafting survival rate.
Seedling stage management: paving 1-2cm of seedling raising soil on a hotbed, watering thoroughly, then neatly paving the grafted seedlings on the seedling raising soil, covering a transparent film, then building an arch frame, covering a shading film on the arch frame, and keeping the relative humidity of air in the transparent film at 90-100% and the temperature at 25-28 ℃; the transparent film is covered for heat preservation, and the shading film is covered for preventing seedlings from being burnt due to direct sun exposure, and simultaneously, the transpiration can be prevented, so that the evaporation of moisture of the grafted seedlings is reduced;
hardening seedlings: after 10 days of grafting, tearing off a transparent film and hardening seedlings once every day, hardening seedlings for 3 hours each time, wherein the hardening period is 5 days, and the relative humidity of air is kept at 65-75% in the hardening period;
planting: and removing the grafting clamp on the grafted seedling after the seedling hardening is finished, and performing field planting after 3-5 days.
Further, the rootstock is white-seed pumpkin. The white-seed pumpkin has a relatively close relationship with the melon, the affinity is relatively strong during grafting, the wound is healed relatively quickly after grafting is completed, the grafting success rate is relatively high, and meanwhile, the white-seed pumpkin hardly influences the taste, shape and other problems of the melon fruit.
Further, in the seedling stage management, the shading film is removed after being covered for 3 days, the transparent film is taken down after 4 days, the transparent film is covered on an arch frame, and the periphery of the transparent film is tightly pressed by soil.
Further, in the seedling exercising step, one eighth of the transparent film is uncovered on the 1 st day, one fourth of the transparent film is uncovered on the 2 nd day, one third of the transparent film is uncovered on the 3 rd day, one half of the transparent film is uncovered on the 4 th day, and the transparent film is uncovered on the 5 th day.
Further, the grafting paste comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 portions of muskmelon bleeding sap or towel gourd bleeding sap, 2 to 3 portions of trehalose, 0.02 to 0.04 portion of ammonium sulfate, 0.01 to 0.02 portion of sodium sulfite, 40 to 80 portions of 35 weight percent sodium hydroxide solution, 60 to 120 portions of acrylic acid, 0.01 to 0.02 portion of glycerol, 1 to 2 portions of hyaluronic acid, 0.2 to 0.5 portion of cerous nitrate hexahydrate solution and 50 to 80 portions of 8 weight percent trimethylchlorosilane solution.
Further, the grafting paste comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 120 parts of melon bleeding fluid or towel gourd bleeding fluid, 2 parts of trehalose, 0.03 part of ammonium sulfate, 0.01 part of sodium sulfite, 50 parts of 35 wt% sodium hydroxide solution, 70 parts of acrylic acid, 0.02 part of glycerol, 2 parts of hyaluronic acid, 0.3 part of cerous nitrate hexahydrate solution and 60 parts of 8 wt% trimethylchlorosilane solution.
Further, the width of the grafting paste is 1-1.5cm, the length is 2.5-3cm, and the thickness is 0.15-0.25 cm.
Further, the preparation steps of the grafting paste are as follows:
(1) uniformly mixing the filtered melon bleeding sap or towel gourd bleeding sap with trehalose, then adding ammonium sulfate and sodium sulfite, and stirring for dissolving to obtain a mixed solution for later use;
(2) dropwise adding a sodium hydroxide solution into acrylic acid, stirring uniformly, then adding glycerol, continuing stirring, heating in a water bath to 40 ℃, adding the mixed solution, stirring for 5min, then adding hyaluronic acid, continuing stirring for 5-10min, and stopping reaction to obtain a gel solution;
(3) uniformly mixing the gel-like solution with a cerous nitrate hexahydrate solution, stirring at the normal temperature at the speed of 500r/min for 2-3h, then adding 8 wt% of trimethylchlorosilane solution, and stirring and reacting at the temperature of 65-70 ℃ for 3-4h to obtain gel;
(4) and flatly paving the gel in a mold, leveling to obtain a gel paste, standing at room temperature in a dark place for 6-12h, drying in an oven at 70-80 ℃ to constant weight, and cutting into a grafting paste after drying.
The grafting paste is a gel paste prepared by taking acrylic acid, muskmelon bleeding sap or towel gourd bleeding sap as main raw materials, and has water absorption and water retention. The melon bleeding sap or the towel gourd bleeding sap contains substances such as saccharides, organic acids, amino acids, cytokinin, gibberellin, potassium, sodium and the like, and the grafting patch prepared by taking the melon bleeding sap or the towel gourd bleeding sap as a main solvent can increase the affinity between the grafting patch and the grafted seedling and is more beneficial to the grafted seedling to absorb water and nutrients in the grafting patch. The acrylic acid can be partially neutralized by adding the sodium hydroxide solution, then the neutralized acrylic acid and the rest acrylic acid are subjected to self-crosslinking, various substances in the bleeding fluid can prolong the self-crosslinking time, so that the time for the acrylic acid to form sodium polyacrylate gel is prolonged, and then the sodium polyacrylate gel solution is formed, and the modification is convenient. In order to solve the problems that the grafting paste is inconvenient to use by grafting due to too high water absorption expansion rate, and cannot supplement water due to too high water loss rate and too low water retention rate, the sodium polyacrylate gel solution needs to be modified.
The gel solution of the sodium polyacrylate is modified by adopting the cerous nitrate hexahydrate solution, a large amount of active hydroxyl groups contained on a network framework are modified, the proportion of hydrophilic groups in a gel network is improved, the water retention rate of the grafting paste is improved, meanwhile, the modified hydrophilic groups are further modified by adopting the trimethylchlorosilane solution, so that the hydrophilic groups on the gel network fix water molecules on a reticular molecular chain under the action of hydrogen bonds, the expansion rate of the grafting paste after water absorption is reduced, and the problems that the grafting opening is rotten due to too much water content of the grafting paste and a grafting clip is inconvenient to use are solved. After the grafting paste absorbs water, the trehalose can form a film on the surface of the grafting paste, so that the evaporation and the dispersion loss of water in the grafting paste are prevented from being too fast, and the grafting paste is promoted to continuously provide water for the grafted seedling before the grafting opening is healed.
Further, sticking the grafting to clear water, soaking for 3-5min, taking out, soaking in wound fluid of melon or towel gourd and clean water according to the volume ratio of 1: 5, soaking the mixture in the solution uniformly mixed according to the proportion for 2 to 10 hours, and sticking the mixture to the periphery of the grafting opening after complete swelling.
The grafting paste is soaked in clear water, and after the surface of the grafting paste is slightly swelled, melon bleeding liquid or towel gourd bleeding liquid is adopted to continuously swell the grafting paste, so that nutrient substances and potassium, sodium and other ions in the bleeding liquid can conveniently enter the grafting paste, meanwhile, the grafting paste absorbs water, and the grafting paste is annularly pasted on a grafting port, so that the grafted seedling can be prevented from losing water, moisture and nutrients can be provided for the grafted seedling, wilting can be prevented, wound healing can be accelerated, and the survival rate of the grafted seedling can be improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by adopting the grafting seedling method, the grafting success rate of the melon seedlings is more than or equal to 90 percent.
2. The grafting paste prepared by the invention has low expansion rate and high water retention rate, can prevent the grafting paste from absorbing too much water to cause the rot of a grafting opening when being annularly pasted on the grafting opening, can continuously provide water for a grafted seedling, and prevents the loss of water of seedling leaves of the grafted seedling to cause grafting failure.
3. The grafting paste is tightly pasted around the grafting opening, the wound can be tightly wrapped, and grafting failure caused by loose opening is prevented.
4. The improvement of the grafting success rate provides healthy and high-quality seedlings for the development of the melon industry, and is favorable for expanding and popularizing the melon planting industry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of water retention of the grafting patches prepared in examples 1-3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples and figure 1:
example 1: melon grafting seedling method I
Before melon grafting seedling raising, a grafting sticker needs to be prepared. Weighing the grafting paste raw materials in parts by weight as follows: 120g of towel gourd bleeding liquid, 2g of trehalose, 0.03g of ammonium sulfate, 0.01g of sodium sulfite, 50g of 35 wt% sodium hydroxide solution, 70g of acrylic acid, 0.02g of glycerol, 2g of hyaluronic acid, 0.3g of cerous nitrate hexahydrate solution, and 60g of 8 wt% trimethylchlorosilane solution.
The preparation steps are as follows:
(1) uniformly mixing the filtered and cleaned towel gourd bleeding sap with trehalose, then adding ammonium sulfate and sodium sulfite, and stirring and dissolving to obtain a mixed solution for later use;
(2) dropwise adding a sodium hydroxide solution into acrylic acid at a speed of 10g/min, stirring uniformly while dropwise adding, adding glycerol after dropwise adding the sodium hydroxide solution, stirring uniformly, heating in a water bath to 40 ℃, adding the mixed solution, stirring for 5min, adding hyaluronic acid, continuously stirring for 5min, stopping reaction to obtain a gel solution, wherein the system gradually becomes viscous to form a transparent viscous gel solution;
(3) uniformly mixing the gel solution with a cerous nitrate hexahydrate solution, stirring at the normal temperature at the speed of 500r/min for 2 hours, then adding 8 wt% of trimethylchlorosilane solution, and stirring to react at the temperature of 65 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain gel;
(4) and flatly paving the gel in a mold, leveling to obtain a gel paste, standing at room temperature in a dark place for 6 hours, drying in an oven at 80 ℃ to constant weight, wherein the thickness is about 0.15cm, and cutting into a grafting paste with the width of about 1cm and the length of about 2.5cm after drying.
And (2) sticking the prepared grafting paste in clear water, soaking for 5min, taking out, soaking in loofah bleeding sap and clean water according to the volume ratio of 1: 5, soaking the mixture in the solution for about 5 hours until the mixture is completely swelled for use.
Grafting and seedling raising of the melons:
selecting the rootstock: selecting white-seed pumpkins as rootstocks, and taking the pumpkin as rootstock seedlings when the leaves of the white-seed pumpkins are unfolded, the first true leaves are initially unfolded, and the seedlings are 4-5cm high;
selecting scions: selecting Xiang melon No. 7 melon as scion, and when the leaves of the melon seedling are flat, the first true leaf is unfolded, the second true leaf is initially exposed, and the height of the seedling is 6-8cm, performing scion;
stock cutting: the blade forms an angle of 30-40 degrees on the top end of the stock, and is gently obliquely cut from top to bottom, one cotyledon and a growing point are removed, the oblique cutting length is about 1-1.5cm, and a stock catheter is seen at the cutting position;
scion cutting: the blade is arranged 1-2cm below the bottom of the cotyledon at one side of the scion, and forms an angle of 30-35 degrees upwards, and the stem is cut off by beveling from bottom to top;
and (3) jointing the stock and the ear: fast and firmly sticking the inclined plane of the scion and the inclined plane of the stock, sticking a grafting paste around the grafting opening, and then fixedly and firmly clamping the grafting paste along the parallel direction of two seedling stems by using a grafting clamp to obtain grafted seedlings, wherein 200 plants are grafted in total;
seedling stage management: laying 1-2cm of seedling raising soil on a hotbed, watering thoroughly, then laying the grafted seedlings on the seedling raising soil in order, covering with a transparent film, then building an arch frame, covering a shading film on the arch frame, and keeping the relative humidity of air in the transparent film at 95% and the temperature at 28-30 ℃. Removing the shading film after covering the shading film for 3 days, only remaining the transparent film, still keeping the relative humidity of air in the transparent film at 95 percent and the temperature at 28-30 ℃, taking down the transparent film after 4 days, covering the transparent film on an arch frame, tightly pressing the periphery of the transparent film with soil, keeping the relative humidity of air in the transparent film at 95 percent and the temperature at 28-30 ℃;
hardening seedlings: after 10 days of grafting, hardening off seedlings, uncovering a transparent film and hardening off the seedlings once a day, wherein the hardening off time is 3h every day, the hardening off period is 5 days, and the specific operation is as follows: uncovering one eighth of the transparent film on the seedling exercising day 1, uncovering one fourth of the transparent film on the seedling exercising day 2, uncovering one third of the transparent film on the seedling exercising day 3, uncovering one half of the transparent film on the seedling exercising day 4, and completely uncovering the seedling exercising day 5, wherein the relative humidity of air in the transparent film is kept to be 65% in the seedling exercising period;
planting: removing the grafting clamp on the grafted seedling after hardening off, and planting after 3-5 days, wherein the height of the seedling is about 12-14cm, 2-3 true leaves are unfolded, the stem is thick, the leaves are thick, and the leaves are flat.
And recording the number of grafted seedlings with the height of 12cm or more during field planting.
Example 2: melon grafting seedling method II
Before melon grafting seedling raising, a grafting sticker needs to be prepared. Weighing the grafting paste raw materials in parts by weight as follows: 100g of loofah bleeding sap, 2g of trehalose, 0.02g of ammonium sulfate, 0.01g of sodium sulfite, 40g of 35 wt% sodium hydroxide solution, 60g of acrylic acid, 0.01g of glycerol, 1g of hyaluronic acid, 0.2g of cerium nitrate hexahydrate solution, and 50g of 8 wt% trimethylchlorosilane solution.
The preparation steps are as follows:
(1) uniformly mixing the filtered and cleaned towel gourd bleeding sap with trehalose, then adding ammonium sulfate and sodium sulfite, and stirring and dissolving to obtain a mixed solution for later use;
(2) dropwise adding a sodium hydroxide solution into acrylic acid at a speed of 10g/min, stirring uniformly while dropwise adding, adding glycerol after dropwise adding the sodium hydroxide solution, stirring uniformly, heating in a water bath to 40 ℃, adding the mixed solution, stirring for 5min, adding hyaluronic acid, continuously stirring for 10min, stopping reaction to obtain a gel solution, wherein the system gradually becomes viscous to form a transparent viscous gel solution;
(3) uniformly mixing the gel solution with a cerous nitrate hexahydrate solution, stirring at the normal temperature at the speed of 500r/min for 3 hours, then adding 8 wt% of trimethylchlorosilane solution, and stirring to react at the temperature of 70 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain gel;
(4) and flatly paving the gel in a mold, leveling to obtain a gel paste, standing at room temperature in a dark place for 12h, drying in an oven at 70 ℃ to constant weight, wherein the thickness is about 0.25cm, and cutting into a grafting paste with the width of about 1.5cm and the length of about 3cm after drying.
And (2) sticking the prepared grafting paste in clear water, soaking for 5min, taking out, soaking in loofah bleeding sap and clean water according to the volume ratio of 1: 5, soaking the mixture in the solution for about 5 hours until the mixture is completely swelled for use.
Grafting and seedling raising of the melons:
selecting the rootstock: selecting white-seed pumpkins as rootstocks, and taking the pumpkin as rootstock seedlings when the leaves of the white-seed pumpkins are unfolded, the first true leaves are initially unfolded, and the seedlings are 4-5cm high;
selecting scions: selecting the golden honey No. 6 muskmelon as a scion, and performing scion when leaves of a seed of the muskmelon are flat, a first true leaf is unfolded, a second true leaf is initially exposed, and the height of the seedling is 6-8 cm;
stock cutting: the blade forms an angle of 30-40 degrees on the top end of the stock, and is gently obliquely cut from top to bottom, one cotyledon and a growing point are removed, the oblique cutting length is about 1-1.5cm, and a stock catheter is seen at the cutting position;
scion cutting: the blade is arranged 1-2cm below the bottom of the cotyledon at one side of the scion, and forms an angle of 30-35 degrees upwards, and the stem is cut off by beveling from bottom to top;
and (3) jointing the stock and the ear: fast and firmly sticking the inclined plane of the scion and the inclined plane of the stock, sticking a grafting paste around the grafting opening, and then fixedly and firmly clamping the grafting paste along the parallel direction of two seedling stems by using a grafting clamp to obtain grafted seedlings, wherein 200 plants are grafted in total;
seedling stage management: laying 1-2cm of seedling raising soil on a hotbed, watering thoroughly, then laying the grafted seedlings on the seedling raising soil in order, covering with a transparent film, then building an arch frame, covering a shading film on the arch frame, and keeping the relative humidity of the air in the transparent film at 100% and the temperature at 28-32 ℃. Removing the shading film after covering the shading film for 3 days, only remaining the transparent film, still keeping the relative humidity of the air in the transparent film at 100 percent and the temperature at 28-32 ℃, taking down the transparent film after 4 days, covering the transparent film on an arch center, tightly pressing the periphery of the transparent film by using soil, keeping the relative humidity of the air in the transparent film at 100 percent and the temperature at 28-32 ℃;
hardening seedlings: after 10 days of grafting, hardening off seedlings, uncovering a transparent film and hardening off the seedlings once a day, wherein the hardening off time is 3h every day, the hardening off period is 5 days, and the specific operation is as follows: one eighth of the transparent film is uncovered on the seedling exercising day 1, one fourth of the transparent film is uncovered on the seedling exercising day 2, one third of the transparent film is uncovered on the seedling exercising day 3, one half of the transparent film is uncovered on the seedling exercising day 4, the transparent film is completely uncovered on the seedling exercising day 5, and the relative humidity of air in the transparent film is kept to be 75% in the seedling exercising period;
planting: removing the grafting clamp on the grafted seedling after hardening off, and planting after 3-5 days, wherein the height of the seedling is about 12-14cm, 2-3 true leaves are unfolded, the stem is thick, the leaves are thick, and the leaves are flat.
And recording the number of grafted seedlings with the height of 12cm or more during field planting.
Example 3: melon grafting seedling method III
Before melon grafting seedling raising, a grafting sticker needs to be prepared. Weighing the grafting paste raw materials in parts by weight as follows: 200g of loofah bleeding sap, 3g of trehalose, 0.04g of ammonium sulfate, 0.02g of sodium sulfite, 80g of 35 wt% sodium hydroxide solution, 120g of acrylic acid, 0.02g of glycerol, 2g of hyaluronic acid, 0.5g of cerium nitrate hexahydrate solution, and 80g of 8 wt% trimethylchlorosilane solution.
The preparation method of the grafting paste is the same as that in the embodiment 1.
The melon grafting seedling method is the same as the example 1, and 200 plants are grafted in total.
And recording the number of grafted seedlings with the height of 12cm or more during field planting.
Example 4: melon grafting seedling method IV
Grafting and seedling raising of the melons:
the rootstock selecting step, the scion selecting step, the rootstock cutting step and the scion cutting step are the same as the seedling raising steps corresponding to the embodiment 1;
and (3) jointing the stock and the ear: fast and firmly sticking the oblique surface of the scion and the oblique surface of the stock, and then fixedly and firmly clamping the oblique surfaces of the scion and the stock by using a grafting clamp along the parallel direction of two seedling stems to obtain a grafted seedling;
the seedling stage management step and the seedling hardening step are the same as the corresponding seedling raising steps in the embodiment 1, and 200 plants are grafted in total;
planting: removing the grafting clamp on the grafted seedling after hardening off, and planting after 3-5 days, wherein the height of the seedling is about 12-14cm, 2-3 true leaves are unfolded, the stem is thick, the leaves are thick, and the leaves are flat.
And recording the number of grafted seedlings with the height of 12cm or more during field planting.
Example 5:
the grafting and seedling raising steps of the muskmelon in the embodiment 1 are the same, but the grafting paste which is pasted on the interface in the embodiment 1 is replaced by wound healing paste of agriculture and forestry biology Limited of Qingdao Haiban, the wound healing paste is evenly smeared on the periphery of the grafting interface, the smearing thickness is about 0.1cm, and 200 grafts are obtained in total.
And recording the number of grafted seedlings with the height of 12cm or more during field planting.
The grafting patches prepared in examples 1-3 were selected for testing water absorption swelling rate and water retention rate, and sodium polyacrylate water-absorbent resin purchased from new re-standing grain material company was used as a control group for testing water absorption swelling rate, and the testing method was as follows:
and (3) measuring the water absorption expansion rate under natural conditions: weighing the grafting paste mass dried to constant weight, and recording the initial mass W0(g) Then, sticking the grafting paste on the towel gourd bleeding sap and clean water according to the volume ratio of 1: 5, the mass W is recorded after complete swelling in the solution mixed uniformly in the ratio1(g) Calculating the water absorption expansion ratio RW(%), the calculation formula is RW＝(W1-W0)/W0。
And (3) determining the water retention rate under natural conditions: swelling the grafting paste completely according to the method, and recording the initial mass of the grafting paste as M0(g) Under natural conditions, measuring the quality of the grafting paste at the same time every day for 10 days in total, and recording to obtain M1(g)、M2(g)、M3(g)……M10(g) The water retention rate R (%) is calculated as R ═ M (M)0-M1)/M0。
According to the experimental results, the results obtained are shown in tables 1 and 2:
TABLE 1
| Examples | Water swelling Rate (%) |
| Example 1 | 70.1 |
| Example 2 | 68.3 |
| Example 3 | 78.4 |
| Control group | 350 |
TABLE 2
Table 2 is plotted as shown in FIG. 1.
In examples 1 to 5, in the planting step, the grafted seedlings 12cm and more in height can be planted, and the grafting can be considered to be successful. The number of grafted seedlings having a height of 12cm or more obtained in examples 1 to 5 was counted as shown in Table 3:
TABLE 3
| Examples | The number of grafted seedlings (plant) with the height of 12cm or more | Success rate of grafting (%) |
| Example 1 | 184 | 92 |
| Example 2 | 180 | 90 |
| Example 3 | 181 | 90.5 |
| Example 4 | 152 | 76 |
| Example 5 | 167 | 83.5 |
And (3) analysis:
1. as can be seen from Table 1, the grafting patches prepared in examples 1-3 have water absorption expansion rates of 68.3-78.4%, and the water absorption expansion rates are significantly reduced compared with those of the control group, so that excessive water content of the grafting patches can be avoided.
2. As can be seen from table 2 and fig. 1, the water retention of the grafting paste prepared in examples 1 to 3 is still greater than 50% after 10 days, which indicates that the prepared grafting paste has high water retention, and the water in the grafting paste is not easy to run off, and can continuously provide water for the grafted seedling. The grafting patch prepared in the embodiment 1 has the highest water retention rate and the best water retention effect.
3. The height of the grafted seedling is more than 12cm, and the grafting success can be determined. According to the table 3, it can be seen that the grafting success rate of the grafting paste prepared by the invention used in the grafting and seedling raising process of the melons in the embodiments 1 to 3 is greater than or equal to 90%, the grafting success rate is at least improved by 14% compared with the seedling raising method without using the grafting paste in the embodiment 4, and the grafting success rate is at least improved by 6.5% compared with the seedling raising method using the wound healing paste for treatment in the embodiment 5.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The techniques, shapes, and configurations not described in detail in the present invention are all known techniques.
Claims (8)
1. A melon grafting seedling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting the rootstock: selecting stock seedlings with flat cotyledon leaves, initially spread first true leaves and 4-5cm high seedlings;
selecting scions: selecting a melon scion seedling with flat cotyledon leaves, a first true leaf, a second true leaf and a height of 6-8cm, wherein the first true leaf is unfolded, and the second true leaf is initially exposed;
stock cutting: gently beveling the blade at the top end of the stock at an angle of 30-40 degrees, removing a cotyledon and a growing point, wherein the length of the beveling is 1-1.5 cm;
scion cutting: the blade is obliquely cut and cuts off stems at an angle of 30-35 degrees upwards at a position 1-2cm below the bottom of the cotyledon at one side of the scion;
and (3) jointing the stock and the ear: firmly attaching the oblique surface of the scion and the oblique surface of the stock, attaching a grafting sticker around the grafting opening, and then firmly clamping by using a grafting clamp to obtain a grafted seedling;
seedling stage management: paving 1-2cm of seedling raising soil on a hotbed, watering thoroughly, then neatly paving the grafted seedlings on the seedling raising soil, covering a transparent film, then building an arch frame, covering a shading film on the arch frame, and keeping the relative humidity of air in the transparent film at 90-100% and the temperature at 28-32 ℃;
hardening seedlings: after 10 days of grafting, tearing off a transparent film and hardening seedlings once every day, hardening seedlings for 3 hours each time, wherein the hardening period is 5 days, and the relative humidity of air is kept at 65-75% in the hardening period;
planting: removing the grafting clamp on the grafted seedling after hardening off the seedling, and planting after 3-5 days;
the grafting paste comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 portions of muskmelon bleeding sap or towel gourd bleeding sap, 2 to 3 portions of trehalose, 0.02 to 0.04 portion of ammonium sulfate, 0.01 to 0.02 portion of sodium sulfite, 40 to 80 portions of 35 weight percent sodium hydroxide solution, 60 to 120 portions of acrylic acid, 0.01 to 0.02 portion of glycerol, 1 to 2 portions of hyaluronic acid, 0.2 to 0.5 portion of cerous nitrate hexahydrate solution and 50 to 80 portions of 8 weight percent trimethylchlorosilane solution.
2. The melon grafting seedling method according to claim 1, wherein the rootstock is white-seed pumpkin.
3. A melon grafting seedling method according to claim 2, characterized in that in the seedling management, the shading film is removed after 3 days, the transparent film is taken down and covered on the arch frame after 4 days, and the periphery of the transparent film is pressed by soil.
4. A melon grafting seedling method according to claim 3, wherein in the seedling hardening step, one eighth of the transparent film is uncovered on day 1, one fourth of the transparent film is uncovered on day 2, one third of the transparent film is uncovered on day 3, one half of the transparent film is uncovered on day 4, and the transparent film is uncovered on day 5.
5. The melon grafting seedling method according to claim 4, wherein the grafting sticker comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 120 parts of melon bleeding fluid or towel gourd bleeding fluid, 2 parts of trehalose, 0.03 part of ammonium sulfate, 0.01 part of sodium sulfite, 50 parts of 35 wt% sodium hydroxide solution, 70 parts of acrylic acid, 0.02 part of glycerol, 2 parts of hyaluronic acid, 0.3 part of cerous nitrate hexahydrate solution and 60 parts of 8 wt% trimethylchlorosilane solution.
6. A melon grafting seedling method according to claim 5, wherein the grafting sticker is 1-1.5cm wide, 2.5-3cm long and 0.15-0.25cm thick.
7. The melon grafting seedling method according to claim 6, wherein the grafting paste is prepared by the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the filtered melon bleeding sap or towel gourd bleeding sap with trehalose, then adding ammonium sulfate and sodium sulfite, and stirring for dissolving to obtain a mixed solution for later use;
(2) dropwise adding a sodium hydroxide solution into acrylic acid, stirring uniformly, then adding glycerol, continuing stirring, heating in a water bath to 40 ℃, adding the mixed solution, stirring for 5min, then adding hyaluronic acid, continuing stirring for 5-10min, and stopping reaction to obtain a gel solution;
(3) uniformly mixing the gel-like solution with a cerous nitrate hexahydrate solution, stirring at the normal temperature at the speed of 500r/min for 2-3h, then adding 8 wt% of trimethylchlorosilane solution, and stirring and reacting at the temperature of 65-70 ℃ for 3-4h to obtain gel;
(4) and flatly paving the gel in a mold, leveling to obtain a gel paste, standing at room temperature in a dark place for 6-12h, drying in an oven at 70-80 ℃ to constant weight, and cutting into a grafting paste after drying.
8. The melon grafting seedling method according to claim 7, wherein the grafting is stuck in clear water, soaked for 3-5min, taken out, and then soaked in melon bleeding sap or towel gourd bleeding sap and clean water in a volume ratio of 1: 5, soaking the mixture in the solution uniformly mixed according to the proportion for 2 to 10 hours, and sticking the mixture to the periphery of the grafting opening after complete swelling.
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