CN111499450A - Formula and processing method of solid organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Formula and processing method of solid organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN111499450A CN111499450A CN202010244995.1A CN202010244995A CN111499450A CN 111499450 A CN111499450 A CN 111499450A CN 202010244995 A CN202010244995 A CN 202010244995A CN 111499450 A CN111499450 A CN 111499450A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solid organic fertilizer which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of plant straw, 2-4 parts of a decomposition agent, 20-30 parts of animal manure, 10-20 parts of plant ash, 2-6 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 5-8 parts of potash fertilizer, 2-6 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.3-0.6 part of a wet spreading agent and 0.4-0.6 part of a fixing agent, and the processing method comprises the following steps: s1, decomposing the raw materials, S2, drying and stirring to obtain a semi-finished product, S3, mixing additives, S4, spraying, stirring and drying to obtain a finished product, and the invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer processing. The formula and the processing method of the solid organic fertilizer improve the adhesive force of the organic fertilizer, reduce the loss of nutrient components in the fertilizer, and improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, thereby reducing the use cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste processing, in particular to a formula of a solid organic fertilizer and a processing method thereof.
Background
The organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting and decomposing by-product resources rich in organic matters, such as animal excrement or animal and plant residues, serving as main raw materials. The organic fertilizer has the characteristics of improving soil, fertilizing soil fertility, improving soil nutrient activity, purifying soil ecological environment, guaranteeing high quality, high yield and high benefit of vegetables and the like, is an irreplaceable fertilizer for greenhouse vegetable cultivation, and is also called as a farmyard fertilizer. Organic fertilizers are all produced by using organic substances (compounds containing carbon elements) as fertilizers. Including human excrement, manure, compost, green manure, cake manure, biogas manure, and the like. Has the characteristics of multiple varieties, wide sources, long fertilizer efficiency and the like. The organic fertilizer contains many nutrient elements in organic state, and is difficult to be directly utilized by crops, and through the action of microorganisms, the organic fertilizer slowly releases various nutrient elements and continuously supplies the nutrients to the crops. The application of the organic fertilizer can improve the soil structure, coordinate water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil, and improve the soil fertility and the land productivity.
The existing organic fertilizer has poor adhesiveness, more nutrient components are lost along with water, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is reduced, the cost is increased, the existing organic fertilizer is only prepared by decomposing plant straws or animal wastes, the variety of the nutrient components is few, the content is low, the normal growth requirement of crops cannot be met, and only the auxiliary effect can be played.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a solid organic fertilizer formula and a processing method thereof, and solves the problems of poor adhesiveness, more loss along with water, high use cost, less types of nutrient components and low content.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the formula of the solid organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of plant straw, 2-4 parts of a decomposition agent, 20-30 parts of animal manure, 10-20 parts of plant ash, 2-6 parts of a phosphate fertilizer, 5-8 parts of a potash fertilizer, 2-6 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer, 0.3-0.6 part of a wet spreading agent and 0.4-0.6 part of a fixing agent.
Preferably, the raw materials comprise the following components: 30 parts of plant straws, 2 parts of a decomposition agent, 20 parts of animal wastes, 10 parts of plant ash, 2 parts of a phosphate fertilizer, 5 parts of a potash fertilizer, 2 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer, 0.3 part of a wet spreading agent and 0.4 part of a sticking agent.
Preferably, the raw materials comprise the following components: 35 parts of plant straws, 4 parts of a decomposition agent, 25 parts of animal wastes, 15 parts of plant ash, 6 parts of a phosphate fertilizer, 8 parts of a potash fertilizer, 6 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer, 0.6 part of a wet spreading agent and 0.6 part of a sticking agent.
Preferably, the raw materials comprise the following components: 40 parts of plant straws, 3 parts of a decomposition agent, 30 parts of animal wastes, 20 parts of plant ash, 4 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 7 parts of potash fertilizer, 4 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.5 part of wet spreading agent and 0.5 part of sticking agent.
Preferably, the plant straw is one or more of corn straw, soybean straw, wheat straw and rice straw, the decomposing agent is one or more of lactobacillus, micrococcus, staphylococcus, saccharomycetes, mould and actinomycetes, and the decomposing agent generally refers to a fermenting agent and refers to a culture of bacteria and other microorganisms for producing yoghourt, fermented cow-milk, cream, cheese, natto and other fermented products.
Preferably, the animal manure is chicken manure or rabbit manure, or a mixture of the chicken manure and the rabbit manure, the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate, and the nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate.
Preferably, the wet spreading agent is clay preparation or dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid, the wet spreading agent is a substance which can enable the fertilizer to be quickly wetted by water so as to reduce the surface tension of water and enable the fertilizer liquid to be easily wetted and attached to the surface of a plant body, thereby reducing loss, increasing the contact area, saving the pesticide and improving the prevention effect, the fixing agent is polyvinyl alcohol or starch, and the fixing agent can improve the attachment capacity of effective components on the solid surface so as to reduce loss and increase the lasting period of the fertilizer.
The invention also discloses a processing method of the solid organic fertilizer, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a proper amount of plant straws and plant ash into a stirring device, adding a proper amount of a decomposition agent, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material A, taking a proper amount of animal manure, dividing the mixed material A and the animal manure into two parts respectively, laying half of the mixed material A on the ground of a fermentation shed, laying half of the animal manure, spraying water to keep the animal manure moist, laying the rest half of the mixed material A, laying the rest half of the animal manure, spraying water to keep the water content at 60-70%, covering a layer of plastic film on the top layer of the laid material, and performing aerobic decomposition for 2-3 days;
s2, simply drying the fertilizer thoroughly decomposed in the step S1 to reduce the water content to 20-30%, then placing the fertilizer into a stirring device, and uniformly stirring to obtain a semi-finished product;
s3, placing a proper amount of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer in a spraying device with water, stirring to melt the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer and the nitrogenous fertilizer, then adding a proper amount of wet spreading agent and fixing agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material B;
s4, spraying the mixed material B prepared in the step S4 to the semi-finished product prepared in the step S3 by using a spraying device, uniformly stirring, and then drying by using a drying device to keep the water content at 5-10% to prepare a finished product of the solid organic fertilizer.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a formula of a solid organic fertilizer and a processing method thereof. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the formula of the solid organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of plant straw, 2-4 parts of a decomposition agent, 20-30 parts of animal wastes, 10-20 parts of plant ash, 2-6 parts of a phosphate fertilizer, 5-8 parts of a potassium fertilizer, 2-6 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer, 0.3-0.6 part of a wet spreading agent, 0.4-0.6 part of a fixing agent, wherein the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate, the nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate, the wet spreading agent is clay preparation or dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid, and the fixing agent is polyvinyl alcohol or starch, the adhesive force of the organic fertilizer is improved by adding the wet spreading agent and the fixing agent into the fertilizer, the loss of nutrient components in the fertilizer is reduced, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the use cost is reduced, the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are added into the traditional organic fertilizer, and the contents of calcium element and sulfur element are improved while trace elements are supplemented, the nutrient components are rich in species, high in content and better in using effect.
(2) The processing method of the solid organic fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps: s1, placing a proper amount of plant straws and plant ash into a stirring device, adding a proper amount of decomposition agent, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material A, taking a proper amount of animal manure, dividing the mixed material A and the animal manure into two equal parts respectively, laying half of the mixed material A on the ground of a fermentation shed, laying half of the animal manure, spraying water to keep the animal manure moist, laying the rest half of the mixed material A, laying the rest half of the animal manure, spraying water to keep the water content at 60-70%, covering a layer of plastic film on the top layer of the laid material, and performing aerobic decomposition for 2-3 days; s2, simply drying the fertilizer thoroughly decomposed in the step S1 to reduce the water content to 20-30%, and then placing the fertilizer in a stirring device to be uniformly stirred to obtain a semi-finished product; s3, putting a proper amount of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer into a spraying device with water, stirring to melt the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer and the nitrogenous fertilizer, then adding a proper amount of wet spreading agent and fixing agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material B; s4, spraying the mixed material B prepared in the step S4 to the semi-finished product prepared in the step S3 by using a spraying device, uniformly stirring, drying by using a drying device to keep the water content at 5-10% to prepare a finished solid organic fertilizer, placing the plant straws and the animal wastes in a separation layer for decomposition, and having a better effect, so that the decomposition time can be shortened, and the processing efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a statistical table of comparative experimental data according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides three technical solutions: a formula of a solid organic fertilizer and a processing method thereof specifically comprise the following embodiments:
example 1
S1, placing 30 parts of plant straws and 10 parts of plant ash into a stirring device, adding 2 parts of decomposing agent, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material A, taking 20 parts of animal manure, dividing the mixed material A and the animal manure into two parts respectively, laying half of the mixed material A on the ground of a fermentation shed, laying half of the animal manure, spraying water to keep the animal manure moist, laying the rest half of the mixed material A, laying the rest half of the animal manure, spraying water to keep the water content at 60%, covering a layer of plastic film on the top layer of the laid material, and performing aerobic decomposition for 2 days;
s2, simply drying the fertilizer thoroughly decomposed in the step S1 to reduce the water content to 20%, and then placing the fertilizer in a stirring device to be uniformly stirred to obtain a semi-finished product;
s3, putting 2 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 5 parts of potash fertilizer and 2 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer in a spraying device with water, stirring to melt the phosphate fertilizer, adding 0.3 part of wet spreading agent and 0.4 part of fixing agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material B;
s4, spraying the mixed material B prepared in the step S4 to the semi-finished product prepared in the step S3 by using a spraying device, uniformly stirring, and then drying by using a drying device to keep the water content at 5% to prepare a finished product of the solid organic fertilizer.
Example 2
S1, putting 35 parts of plant straws and 15 parts of plant ash into a stirring device, adding 4 parts of decomposition agent, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material A, taking 25 parts of animal manure, dividing the mixed material A and the animal manure into two parts respectively, laying half of the mixed material A on the ground of a fermentation shed, laying half of the animal manure, spraying water to keep the animal manure moist, laying the rest half of the mixed material A, laying the rest half of the animal manure, spraying water to keep the water content at 65%, covering a layer of plastic film on the top layer of the laid material, and performing aerobic decomposition for 3 days;
s2, simply drying the fertilizer thoroughly decomposed in the step S1 to reduce the water content to 25%, and then placing the fertilizer in a stirring device to be uniformly stirred to obtain a semi-finished product;
s3, putting 6 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 8 parts of potassium fertilizer and 6 parts of nitrogen fertilizer into a spraying device with water, stirring to melt the phosphate fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer, adding 0.6 part of wet spreading agent and 0.6 part of fixing agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material B;
s4, spraying the mixed material B prepared in the step S4 to the semi-finished product prepared in the step S3 by using a spraying device, uniformly stirring, and then drying by using a drying device to keep the water content at 5% to prepare a finished product of the solid organic fertilizer.
Example 3
S1, placing 40 parts of plant straws and 20 parts of plant ash into a stirring device, adding 3 parts of decomposing agent, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material A, taking 30 parts of animal manure, dividing the mixed material A and the animal manure into two parts respectively, laying half of the mixed material A on the ground of a fermentation shed, laying half of the animal manure, spraying water to keep the animal manure moist, laying the rest half of the mixed material A, laying the rest half of the animal manure, spraying water to keep the water content at 70%, covering a layer of plastic film on the top layer of the laid material, and performing aerobic decomposition for 3 days;
s2, simply drying the fertilizer thoroughly decomposed in the step S1 to reduce the water content to 30%, and then placing the fertilizer in a stirring device to be uniformly stirred to obtain a semi-finished product;
s3, putting 4 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 7 parts of potash fertilizer and 4 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer in a spraying device with water, stirring to melt the phosphate fertilizer, adding 0.5 part of wet spreading agent and 0.5 part of fixing agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material B;
s4, spraying the mixed material B prepared in the step S4 to the semi-finished product prepared in the step S3 by using a spraying device, uniformly stirring, and then drying by using a drying device to keep the water content at 10% to prepare a finished product of the solid organic fertilizer.
Comparative experiment
A certain organic fertilizer processing factory simultaneously detects the contents of main trace elements and the growth conditions of crops on the organic fertilizers respectively prepared in the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 3 and the organic fertilizers generally used in the market, operates in the same time period and under the same conditions, and simultaneously counts data and prepares a statistical table chart in the detection process.
As shown in the table 1, the contents of trace elements in the organic fertilizers processed by the embodiments 1, 2 and 3 are all higher than those of common organic fertilizers in the market, and the organic fertilizer processed by the embodiment 2 has more obvious help on the growth of crops, the growth speed of the crops is fastest, the crop straws are tougher, which shows that the organic fertilizer processed by the embodiment 2 has the best effect and the least nutrition loss.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A solid organic fertilizer formula and a processing method thereof are characterized in that: the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of plant straw, 2-4 parts of a decomposition agent, 20-30 parts of animal manure, 10-20 parts of plant ash, 2-6 parts of a phosphate fertilizer, 5-8 parts of a potash fertilizer, 2-6 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer, 0.3-0.6 part of a wet spreading agent and 0.4-0.6 part of a fixing agent.
2. The formula of the solid organic fertilizer and the processing method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the formula comprises the following components: the raw materials comprise the following components: 30 parts of plant straws, 2 parts of a decomposition agent, 20 parts of animal wastes, 10 parts of plant ash, 2 parts of a phosphate fertilizer, 5 parts of a potash fertilizer, 2 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer, 0.3 part of a wet spreading agent and 0.4 part of a sticking agent.
3. The formula of the solid organic fertilizer and the processing method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the formula comprises the following components: the raw materials comprise the following components: 35 parts of plant straws, 4 parts of a decomposition agent, 25 parts of animal wastes, 15 parts of plant ash, 6 parts of a phosphate fertilizer, 8 parts of a potash fertilizer, 6 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer, 0.6 part of a wet spreading agent and 0.6 part of a sticking agent.
4. The formula of the solid organic fertilizer and the processing method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the formula comprises the following components: the raw materials comprise the following components: 40 parts of plant straws, 3 parts of a decomposition agent, 30 parts of animal wastes, 20 parts of plant ash, 4 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 7 parts of potash fertilizer, 4 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.5 part of wet spreading agent and 0.5 part of sticking agent.
5. The formula of the solid organic fertilizer and the processing method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the formula comprises the following components: the plant straw is one or more of corn straw, soybean straw, wheat straw and rice straw, and the decomposing agent is one or more of lactobacillus, micrococcus, staphylococcus, saccharomycetes, mould and actinomycetes.
6. The formula of the solid organic fertilizer and the processing method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the formula comprises the following components: the animal waste is chicken manure or rabbit manure, or a mixture of the chicken manure and the rabbit manure, the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate, and the nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate.
7. The formula of the solid organic fertilizer and the processing method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the formula comprises the following components: the wet spreading agent is clay preparation or dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid, and the fixing agent is polyvinyl alcohol or starch.
8. A processing method of solid organic fertilizer is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a proper amount of plant straws and plant ash into a stirring device, adding a proper amount of decomposition agent, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material A, taking a proper amount of animal manure, dividing the mixed material A and the animal manure into two equal parts respectively, laying half of the mixed material A on the ground of a fermentation shed, laying half of the animal manure, spraying water to keep the animal manure moist, laying the rest half of the mixed material A, laying the rest half of the animal manure, spraying water to keep the water content at 60-70%, covering a layer of plastic film on the top layer of the laid material, and performing aerobic decomposition for 2-3 days;
s2, simply drying the fertilizer thoroughly decomposed in the step S1 to reduce the water content to 20-30%, then placing the fertilizer into a stirring device, and uniformly stirring to obtain a semi-finished product;
s3, placing a proper amount of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer in a spraying device with water, stirring to melt the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer and the nitrogenous fertilizer, then adding a proper amount of wet spreading agent and fixing agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material B;
s4, spraying the mixed material B prepared in the step S4 to the semi-finished product prepared in the step S3 by using a spraying device, uniformly stirring, and then drying by using a drying device to keep the water content at 5-10% to prepare a finished product of the solid organic fertilizer.
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| CN112374934A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-02-19 | 河南聚鑫环境工程有限公司 | Method for preparing soil remediation agent by using crop straws |
| CN113439638A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-09-28 | 新华农大(武汉)科技有限公司 | Organic and mineral mixed bed soil matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN113773152A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-12-10 | 安徽南北现代林业科技有限公司 | Fertilizer for planting vanilla and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200807 |