CN111455499B - 一种聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料的制备方法,包括将聚丙烯腈用溶剂溶解,得到纺丝溶液;纺丝溶液中加入钛酸异丙酯、硼酸、三聚氰胺、纳米金刚石,混合均匀后得到混合纺丝溶液;将混合纺丝溶液,采用湿法纺丝制备得到纺丝纤维;纺丝纤维经热稳定化、碳化,制备得到聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料。本发明制备获得聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料,是一种纤维状的光催化材料,在进行水处理后方便回收,不会产生回收困难以及二次污染的问题。本发明的聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料使用范围更广,适用于不同光照条件的水体,进行水处理。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光催化材料技术领域,特别是涉及一种聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料的制备方法。
背景技术
随着工业的发展,生活水平不断的提高,但环境遭到的破坏与污染也越来越严重。污水的排放,化学品的滥用,导致各种有害物质在环境中过度积累,这些污染物大多数都易溶于水,并且已经在地表水、地下水、污水、甚至饮用水中被发现。
现有技术中通常采用光催化或者活性炭纤维来进行水处理。二氧化钛、氧化锌是常用的半导体光催化剂。在光照射下,能够被光子所激活,实现电子或者空穴流动,并在其表面上发生很强的氧化(或)还原作用,即反应体系在光催化下将吸收的光能直接转化为化学能,使许多通常情况下难易实现的反应在比较温和的条件下能够顺利进行。使用半导体光催化能有效的破坏许多结构稳定的生物难降解的污染物,具有节能、高效、污染物降解彻底等优点。但二氧化钛或氧化锌作为半导体光催化剂使用时,常使用其粉体。但粉体状的光催化剂存在回收困难的问题,难以回收还会造成光催化剂残留,从而导致二次污染的情况发生。且二氧化钛作为光催化剂使用时,仅能吸收部分紫外光,可见光区无响应,太阳能的有效利用率低。
活性炭纤维是一种新型炭质吸附材料,具有丰富的微孔结构且孔径分布集中,对环境中许多微量有害物质如SOx、NOx、H2S等酸性物质、芳香烃、多氯联苯等中性物质及含氮的碱性物质都有较强的吸附捕获能力,由于活性炭纤维不具备催化转化功能,会对环境造成二次污染。
发明内容
本发明的目的就在于克服上述不足,提供一种聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料的制备方法。为达到上述目的,本发明是按照以下技术方案实施的:
一种聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤,
S1,将聚丙烯腈用溶剂溶解,得到纺丝溶液;所述溶剂为二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜中的一种;纺丝溶液中,聚丙烯腈的质量百分比为3~18wt%;
S2,向步骤S1得到纺丝溶液中加入钛酸异丙酯、硼酸、三聚氰胺、纳米金刚石,混合均匀后得到混合纺丝溶液;
S3,将步骤S2得到的混合纺丝溶液,采用湿法纺丝制备得到纺丝纤维;
S4,将步骤S3得到的纺丝纤维经热稳定化、碳化,制备得到聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料。
优选的,所述步骤S2中,按聚丙烯腈、钛酸异丙酯、硼酸、三聚氰胺、纳米金刚石质量比为2:(0.3~0.6):(0.2~0.4):(0.2~0.4):(0.1~0.8)的配比,将钛酸异丙酯、硼酸、三聚氰胺、纳米金刚石与纺丝溶液进行混合。
优选的,所述纳米金刚石的粒度为15nm~500nm。
优选的,步骤S3中,混合纺丝溶液采用湿法纺丝工艺经喷丝及凝固成形制得纺丝纤维;纺丝纤维凝固过程采用凝固浴;所述凝固浴为二甲基乙酰胺、三聚氰胺、葡萄糖、水的混合溶液。
优选的,所述混合溶液按以下质量百分比配置:二甲基乙酰胺8~45%、三聚氰胺3~12%、葡萄糖7~15%、水的质量28~82%。
优选的,步骤S3中,凝固浴温度为25~75℃,凝固浴时间为1~3min。
优选的,步骤S4中,热稳定化过程在空气气氛中,在300~380℃下对纺丝纤维进行热稳定化处理,热稳定化时间为60~120min。
优选的,步骤S4中,碳化过程在氮气气氛中进行,碳化温度为900~1150℃,碳化时间为1~5min。
本发明的作用原理:
本发明的制备过程中使用了钛酸异丙酯、硼酸、三聚氰胺、纳米金刚石,制备完成后,钛酸异丙酯分解成二氧化钛;硼酸和三聚氰胺反应分解成半导体材料氮化硼;纳米金刚石表面部分炭化后形成石墨和金刚石杂化结。本发明制备得到的聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料,是含有二氧化钛、氮化硼、纳米金刚石的聚丙烯腈碳纤维。
纺丝纤维经过凝固浴,凝固浴中含有三聚氰胺以及葡萄糖,纺丝纤维经过凝固浴的凝固过程时,纤维表面吸附了三聚氰胺以及葡萄糖,经过碳化的高温处理之后,表面会形成g-C3N4。
纳米金刚石的使用,使得聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料本身的耐磨性、安全性以及使用寿命大大提高。聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料表面形成的g-C3N4,吸收光谱范围更宽,不需要紫外光仅在普通可见光下就能起到光催化作用;同时,比起TiO2,g-C3N4更能有效活化分子氧,产生超氧自由基用于有机官能团的光催化转化和有机污染物的光催化降解,更适用于室内空气污染治理和有机物降解。本发明聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料中同时还含有TiO2,TiO2与g-C3N4结合使用,所适用的范围更广,可适用于多种不同的环境。聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料中,碳纤维作为载体存在,碳纤维与TiO2、g-C3N4可起到协同作用,碳纤维本身的吸附作用可将污染物富集,使得TiO2、g-C3N4进行光催化过程,提高了光催化的活性;吸附在碳纤维上的污染物也会被催化反应,不会造成二次污染。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明制备获得聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料,是一种纤维状的光催化材料,在进行水处理后方便回收,不会产生回收困难以及二次污染的问题。本发明的聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料使用范围更广,适用于不同光照条件的水体,进行水处理。
具体实施方式
下面以具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述,在此发明的示意性实施例以及说明用来解释本发明,但并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1
一种聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤,
S1,将聚丙烯腈用二甲基甲酰胺溶解,得到纺丝溶液;纺丝溶液中,聚丙烯腈的质量百分比为10wt%。
S2,向步骤S1得到纺丝溶液中加入钛酸异丙酯、硼酸、三聚氰胺、纳米金刚石,混合均匀后得到混合纺丝溶液;按聚丙烯腈、钛酸异丙酯、硼酸、三聚氰胺、纳米金刚石质量比为2:0.43:0.3:0.35:0.4的配比,将钛酸异丙酯、硼酸、三聚氰胺、纳米金刚石与纺丝溶液进行混合。其中,纳米金刚石的粒度为50nm。
S3,将步骤S2得到的混合纺丝溶液,采用湿法纺丝制备得到纺丝纤维;混合纺丝溶液采用湿法纺丝工艺经喷丝及凝固成形制得纺丝纤维;纺丝纤维凝固过程采用凝固浴。凝固浴为二甲基乙酰胺、三聚氰胺、葡萄糖、水的混合溶液,混合溶液按以下质量百分比配置:二甲基乙酰胺17%、三聚氰胺5%、葡萄糖11%、水的质量67%;凝固浴温度为50℃,凝固浴时间为1.5min。
S4,将步骤S3得到的纺丝纤维经热稳定化、碳化,制备得到聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料。热稳定化过程在空气气氛中,在350℃下对纺丝纤维进行热稳定化处理,热稳定化时间为90min;碳化过程在氮气气氛中进行,碳化温度为1050℃,碳化时间为3min。
实施例2
一种聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤,
S1,将聚丙烯腈用二甲基乙酰胺溶解,得到纺丝溶液;纺丝溶液中,聚丙烯腈的质量百分比为18wt%。
S2,向步骤S1得到纺丝溶液中加入钛酸异丙酯、硼酸、三聚氰胺、纳米金刚石,混合均匀后得到混合纺丝溶液;按聚丙烯腈、钛酸异丙酯、硼酸、三聚氰胺、纳米金刚石质量比为2:0.6:0.4:0.4:0.8的配比,将钛酸异丙酯、硼酸、三聚氰胺、纳米金刚石与纺丝溶液进行混合。其中,纳米金刚石的粒度为200nm。
S3,将步骤S2得到的混合纺丝溶液,采用湿法纺丝制备得到纺丝纤维;混合纺丝溶液采用湿法纺丝工艺经喷丝及凝固成形制得纺丝纤维;纺丝纤维凝固过程采用凝固浴。凝固浴为二甲基乙酰胺、三聚氰胺、葡萄糖、水的混合溶液,混合溶液按以下质量百分比配置:二甲基乙酰胺13%、三聚氰胺9%、葡萄糖13%、水的质量65%;凝固浴温度为40℃,凝固浴时间为2min。
S4,将步骤S3得到的纺丝纤维经热稳定化、碳化,制备得到聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料。热稳定化过程在空气气氛中,在380℃下对纺丝纤维进行热稳定化处理,热稳定化时间为120min;碳化过程在氮气气氛中进行,碳化温度为1150℃,碳化时间为5min。
实施例3
一种聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤,
S1,将聚丙烯腈用二甲基亚砜溶解,得到纺丝溶液;纺丝溶液中,聚丙烯腈的质量百分比为3wt%。
S2,向步骤S1得到纺丝溶液中加入钛酸异丙酯、硼酸、三聚氰胺、纳米金刚石,混合均匀后得到混合纺丝溶液;按聚丙烯腈、钛酸异丙酯、硼酸、三聚氰胺、纳米金刚石质量比为2:0.3:0.2:0.2:0.1的配比,将钛酸异丙酯、硼酸、三聚氰胺、纳米金刚石与纺丝溶液进行混合。其中,纳米金刚石的粒度为15nm。
S3,将步骤S2得到的混合纺丝溶液,采用湿法纺丝制备得到纺丝纤维;混合纺丝溶液采用湿法纺丝工艺经喷丝及凝固成形制得纺丝纤维;纺丝纤维凝固过程采用凝固浴。凝固浴为二甲基乙酰胺、三聚氰胺、葡萄糖、水的混合溶液,混合溶液按以下质量百分比配置:二甲基乙酰胺11%、三聚氰胺6%、葡萄糖8%、水的质量75%;凝固浴温度为30℃,凝固浴时间为2.5min。
S4,将步骤S3得到的纺丝纤维经热稳定化、碳化,制备得到聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料。热稳定化过程在空气气氛中,在300℃下对纺丝纤维进行热稳定化处理,热稳定化时间为60min;碳化过程在氮气气氛中进行,碳化温度为900℃,碳化时间为1min。
本发明的技术方案不限于上述具体实施例的限制,凡是根据本发明的技术方案做出的技术变形,均落入本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤,
S1,将聚丙烯腈用溶剂溶解,得到纺丝溶液;所述溶剂为二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜中的一种;纺丝溶液中,聚丙烯腈的质量百分比为3~18wt%;
S2,向步骤S1得到纺丝溶液中加入钛酸异丙酯、硼酸、三聚氰胺、纳米金刚石,混合均匀后得到混合纺丝溶液;
S3,将步骤S2得到的混合纺丝溶液,采用湿法纺丝制备得到纺丝纤维;
S4,将步骤S3得到的纺丝纤维经热稳定化、碳化,制备得到聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料;
所述步骤S2中,按聚丙烯腈、钛酸异丙酯、硼酸、三聚氰胺、纳米金刚石质量比为2:(0.3~0.6):(0.2~0.4):(0.2~0.4):(0.1~0.8)的配比,将钛酸异丙酯、硼酸、三聚氰胺、纳米金刚石与纺丝溶液进行混合;
步骤S3中,混合纺丝溶液采用湿法纺丝工艺经喷丝及凝固成形制得纺丝纤维;纺丝纤维凝固过程采用凝固浴;所述凝固浴为二甲基乙酰胺、三聚氰胺、葡萄糖、水的混合溶液;
所述混合溶液按以下质量百分比配置:二甲基乙酰胺8~45%、三聚氰胺3~12%、葡萄糖7~15%、水的质量28~82%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述纳米金刚石的粒度为15nm~500nm。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S3中,凝固浴温度为25~75℃,凝固浴时间为1~3min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S4中,热稳定化过程在空气气氛中,在300~380℃下对纺丝纤维进行热稳定化处理,热稳定化时间为60~120min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚丙烯腈碳纤维杂化复合光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S4中,碳化过程在氮气气氛中进行,碳化温度为900~1150℃,碳化时间为1~5min。
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