CN111449007A - Fish swimming capability testing device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a fish swimming ability testing device and method, comprising a closed annular water tank, wherein a first test area and a second test area are arranged in the closed annular water tank, and the first test area includes a first test section, a first rectifying grid plate and a first guide grid plate respectively located upstream and downstream of the first test section, the first test area includes a second test section, a second rectifying grid plate located upstream and downstream of the second test section respectively and a second guide grid, the second test section also has a water-passing area adjustment device; a water-flow driving device, the driving end of the water-flow driving device extends into the closed annular water tank and is arranged in the second test area upstream; flow rate measurement device, the flow rate measurement device is arranged in the first or second test zone. The swimming ability parameter index obtained from the test is applied to the design of fishways such as gates and dams, so as to improve the efficiency of fish passing through the fishway, and further play the role that the fishway should play as the only ecological compensation engineering measure.

Description

A kind of fish swimming ability testing device and method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of experiments in ecological environment protection in hydraulic engineering, in particular to a device and method for testing the swimming ability of fish.

Background technique

my country is the country with the largest number of dams in the world. According to the data of the first water conservancy census from 2010 to 2012, 980,002 dams are under construction, and 268,476 sluices with a flow rate of 1 cubic meter per second and above are under construction. At the same time, it also causes a series of negative impacts on the river ecosystem. The most direct impact is to destroy the vertical connectivity of the river and cut off the upward passage of fish, especially for fish with wandering habit, which seriously affects the living habits of fish such as feeding, overwintering, spawning, etc. The loss of population diversity and the deterioration of the quality of economic fish have even caused some anadromous cave fish populations to be on the verge of extinction. Restoring the vertical connectivity of the river and ensuring the smooth upstream passage of fish is not only the restoration of the lingering passage for fish, this will be the next priority and also an urgent task. As the only ecological compensation engineering measure to help fish pass through obstacles such as water conservancy projects, fish passages play an important role in the protection of fish resources and the restoration of river ecosystem functions. In recent years, with the enhancement of environmental protection and ecological awareness and the intensification of national ecological and environmental protection efforts, more and more investment has been made in fishway research and construction.

At present, according to the relevant research results, the number of fish passages with effective fish passages constructed by countries in the world is generally less than 50%, and one of the main reasons is that fish are difficult to resist water flow obstacles when passing through fish passages. Through engineering measures, it is one of the key constraints to the success or failure of fishway construction to construct suitable water flow conditions for fish to go upstream. However, most of the traditional fishways only focus on the hydraulic characteristics of hydraulic structures, and the research on the swimming behavior of fish is insufficient. Therefore, in the process of fishway design, there is a lack of consideration of the characteristics of fish swimming behavior, and it is often difficult to achieve an ideal fish passing effect. Therefore, traditional hydraulics and fish swimming behavior characteristics are combined to carry out hydrodynamic factors. Research on the effects of swimming behavior is crucial for guiding the hydraulic design of fish passes.

At present, the common indicators that reflect the swimming ability of fish mainly include the induction flow velocity, the critical swimming speed and the sudden swimming speed. The induced flow velocity is the minimum flow velocity at which the fish can distinguish the direction of the water flow, which reflects the fish's ability to perceive the direction of the water flow; the critical swimming speed reflects the long-term swimming ability of the fish, which is an important factor in designing the main flow of the fishway tank and determining the spacing of the rest pools. Indicator; rush swimming speed is the design basis for the high flow velocity area of the fish pass, and is used for the design of the water flow velocity at the orifices and vertical slits of the fish pass chamber.

The existing fish swimming ability is generally measured in a specially designed uniform flow field. The premise of the test is to assume that the swimming speed of the fish is the same as the water flow speed. The existing fish swimming ability test system has problems such as many eddy currents and dead angles in the test area, low limit flow rate, large water surface fluctuation, high speed of the propeller, easy to generate air bubbles, unadjustable test area, and single test area.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a fish swimming ability testing device and method, so as to solve the problem that the existing fish swimming ability testing device has many eddy currents and dead corners in the test area, the limit flow rate is too small, the water surface fluctuation is large, and the propeller is high. The rotational speed is easy to generate air bubbles, the test area cannot be adjusted, and the single test area is not a problem.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:

According to a first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a device for testing the swimming ability of fish is provided, comprising:

A closed annular water tank, a first test area and a second test area are arranged in the closed annular water tank, and the first test area includes a first test section and a first rectifying grid plate respectively located upstream and downstream of the first test section and a first guide grid, the first test area includes a second test section, a second rectification grid and a second guide grid respectively located upstream and downstream of the second test section, the second test section It also has a water-passing area adjustment device;

a water flow driving device, the driving end of the water flow driving device extends into the closed annular water tank and is arranged upstream of the second test area;

A flow rate measurement device, the flow rate measurement device being arranged in the first test zone or the second test zone.

Further, the water-passing area adjustment device includes a top adjustment plate, an inner adjustment plate and a bottom adjustment plate, all of which are equipped with a liftable adjustment structure.

Further, the water flow driving device includes a propeller, an optical shaft and a motor which are connected in sequence, and the motor is a variable frequency motor.

Further, the first test section has a fish opening.

Further, the first test segment and the second test segment are both straight segments.

Further, the front and rear centers of the cylinders on the first rectifying grid and the first guide grid structure are on the same horizontal line, and the circles on the second rectifying grid and the second guide grid structure are on the same horizontal line. The center of the front and rear of the cylinder is on the same horizontal line.

Further, the upstream of the first test area and the downstream of the second test area are connected by a front rectifying device, and the front rectifying device is a semi-circular rectifying baffle, and the semi-circular rectifying baffle is evenly divided into 3~3 5 water inlet channels, the downstream of the first test area and the upstream of the second test area are connected by the rear rectifier, the rear rectifier is a 1/4 circular rectifying baffle, and the 1/4 circular rectifying baffle is evenly divided into 3 to 5 water outlet channels, the number of the water inlet channels and the water outlet channels are consistent, and the spacing is consistent.

Further, a water inlet is arranged on the water inlet channel, and a water outlet is arranged behind the water outlet channel.

Further, the airtight annular water trough between the water flow driving device and the rear fairing device is provided with an exhaust hole.

Further, a circular sleeve is provided outside the propeller, and the maximum outer diameter of the propeller is smaller than the inner diameter of the circular sleeve by 0.5-1 cm.

According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a method for testing the swimming ability of fish is provided. The method is implemented by the device for testing the swimming ability of fish according to the first aspect. to measure one or more of the following:

(1) Preliminary test

Before the formal test, it is first necessary to measure the relationship between the flow velocity of the first test area and the second test area and the motor frequency in the water flow drive device, as follows: in the first test area, first adjust the water area parameters through the water area adjustment device, Then, the flow velocity in the first test area at different frequencies is measured by the water flow driving device, and the relationship between the flow velocity in the first test area and the motor frequency in the water flow driving device is obtained; in the same way, the flow velocity in the second test area and the motor in the water flow driving device are obtained relationship between frequencies;

(2) Measurement of induced flow velocity

During the test, take a number of test fish that have been temporarily raised for at least 24 hours, divide them into n groups, and place them in the first test area. Swimming behavior, when more than half of the test fish start to swim against the current, record the motor frequency in the water current drive device at this time, and inversely deduce the flow rate through the relationship between the first test flow rate and the motor frequency, and consider the flow rate at this time as the induction flow rate. value, repeat the above test, take the average of n groups of induced flow velocity values as the induced flow velocity of the test fish;

(3) Critical swimming speed

During the test, take a number of test fish that have been temporarily raised for at least 24 hours, divide them into n groups, and place them in the first test area. Fatigue, record the motor frequency in the corresponding water current drive device, inversely deduce the flow rate value through the first test flow rate and motor frequency relationship, repeat the above test, and take the average of n groups of critical swimming speeds as the critical swimming speed of the test fish;

(4) Measuring method of inrush flow velocity

During the test, firstly, the test fish within a certain body length range after being temporarily raised for at least 24 hours is subjected to a dash forward swimming speed estimation test, and the estimated value of its rush swimming speed is obtained, and then the speed increment of the test is determined according to the estimated value. The specific operation method as follows:

4.1) Prediction test of sudden swimming speed: randomly select 1 fish each time and place it in the second test area. Before the test, let the test fish adapt to the predetermined flow rate, and then increase the test flow rate by k BL/s every predetermined time. , until the fish is fatigued, record the flow velocity value at this time, and use the formula (1) to obtain the estimated value of the sudden swimming speed, and take the average value of multiple estimated values as the estimated value of the sudden swimming speed, as the reference value of the formal test ;

In the formula: U _burst is the sudden swimming speed, cm/s; U is the water flow speed before the test fish becomes fatigued, cm/s; ΔU is the flow rate increment, cm/s; t is the time spent by the fish in fatigue during this period, Δt is the time interval for increasing the flow rate, s;

4.2) Formal test: put a single-tailed test fish of the same body length into the second test area in , and make it adapt to the same predetermined flow rate as in step 4.1) and start the test, first increase the flow rate to f within p seconds % of the estimated value of the sudden swimming speed, and then the flow rate is increased by w% of the estimated value of the sudden swimming speed every h seconds. At the same time, the swimming behavior of the fish is observed and recorded, and the test is ended when the test fish is tired and cannot continue to swim. Record At this time, the water flow speed and the swimming time are calculated by the following formula (1).

According to the above technical solution, compared with the existing design method of the fish swimming ability test device in the embodiment of the present invention, the embodiment of the present invention provides two test areas at the same time, and the test area can be freely adjusted according to parameters such as the body length of the test fish size. At the same time, the setting of the water-passing area adjustment device, the front and rear rectifying grids and the guide grids can effectively eliminate the occurrence of unfavorable flow states such as eddy currents, low flow dead angles and water surface fluctuations in the test area. The device and method provided by the embodiments of the present invention can meet most of the swimming ability test conditions of fish, and the design flow velocity in the test area has a larger extreme value, and the maximum flow velocity can reach 2m/s and above. The devices provided in the embodiments of the present invention are relatively simple to assemble and disassemble, which brings convenience for subsequent maintenance.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings forming a part of the present invention are used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the attached image:

Fig. 1 is the plane top view that the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of fish swimming ability testing device;

2 is a schematic plan view of a first test area in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the D-D section sectional view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the A-A section sectional view of Fig. 2;

5 is a perspective view of a fish inlet in an embodiment of the present invention;

6 is a schematic plan view of a second test area in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the B-B section sectional view of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is the C-C section sectional view of Fig. 1;

The direction indicated by the arrow in the figure is the direction of water flow, and the direction indicated by the fish head is the swimming direction of the experimental fish;

In the picture: 1-outer rectangular frame, 2-closed annular water tank, 3-first rectifying grid, 4-first testing area, 5-fishing port, 6-first guide grid, 7-water inlet, 8-Front fairing, 9-Second test area, 10-Propeller, 11-Circular sleeve, 12-Vent hole, 13-Light shaft, 14-Water outlet, 15-Coupling, 16-Motor, 17-Transmission, 18-PC control unit, 31-First cylinder, 41-Top adjustment plate, 42-Inside adjustment plate, 43-Bottom adjustment plate, 51-Fish mouth bottom mouth, 51- Fish mouth top mouth , 91- the second guide orifice plate, 92- the second rectifying grid plate, 93- the second cylinder, v1-3-dimensional flow velocity measurement unit, 101- circular sleeve, 102- rectangular frame.

Detailed ways

It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other in the case of no conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular is intended to include the plural as well, furthermore, it is to be understood that when the terms "comprising" and/or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates that There are features, steps, operations, devices, components and/or combinations thereof.

It should be noted that the terms "first", "second" and the like in the description and claims of the present application and the drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific sequence or sequence. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described herein can, for example, be practiced in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.

For ease of description, spatially relative terms, such as "on", "over", "on the surface", "above", etc., may be used herein to describe what is shown in the figures. The spatial positional relationship of one device or feature shown to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures.

Now, exemplary embodiments according to the present application will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These exemplary embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of these exemplary embodiments to those of ordinary skill in the art, and in the accompanying drawings, which may be exaggerated for the sake of clarity The thicknesses of layers and regions are described, and the same reference numerals are used to denote the same devices, and thus their descriptions will be omitted.

Example 1:

1-8, the present embodiment provides a fish swimming ability testing device, including:

The closed annular water tank 2 is provided with a first test area 4 and a second test area 9. The first test area 4 includes a first test section, which are respectively located upstream and downstream of the first test section. The first rectification grid 3 and the first air guide grid 6, the first test area 4 includes a second test section, a second rectification grid 92 and a second flow guide respectively located upstream and downstream of the second test section The grid plate 91, the second test section is also provided with a water-passing area adjustment device;

a water flow driving device, the driving end of the water flow driving device extends into the closed annular water tank 2 and is arranged upstream of the second test area 9;

A flow rate measuring device, which is arranged in the first test zone 4 or the second test zone 9 .

According to the above technical solution, the closed annular water tank 2 is provided with a first test area 4 and a second test area 9, the first test area 4 can meet most of the test contents, and the second test area 9 mainly meets the experimental fish inrush flow velocity Enabled when it is greater than 1.5m/s. The working principle of the first test area is that under the condition that the water flow driving device generates the same thrust, the water passage area is changed by the water passage area adjustment device, the flow rate increases when the water passage area is reduced, and the flow rate decreases correspondingly when the cross-sectional area is enlarged. In this way, the most direct benefit is that the flow velocity gradient in the first test area is more abundant, and the limit value is further improved under the same rotational speed condition. At the same time, the adjustment of the water-passing area adjustment device can effectively avoid the occurrence of fluctuations in the water surface at the top, and can improve the problems such as the large flow rate at the bottom.

The second test area 9 is arranged in front of the water flow outlet of the water flow driving device, which is circular in cross section and provides a tubular flow velocity field. Further, the second test area 9 is a supplement to the first test area, and its purpose is to provide a larger flow velocity field condition. The extreme value of the flow velocity field in the first test area 4 is about 1.5m/s, while the flow velocity in the second test area 9 can reach more than 2.0m/s. At the same time, the inner diameter of the side wall of the second test area 9 is consistent with the inner diameter 101 of the sleeve of the propeller 10. After the rectification of the second cylinder 93, a uniform flow velocity field is created, which effectively avoids the occurrence of eddy currents and dead ends. The second test area 9 is mainly used to test the diving speed of the test fish.

In this embodiment, the closed annular water tank 2 is the outer boundary of the self-circulating flow velocity field designed by the present invention. In order to prevent the water from overflowing in the closed annular water tank and prevent safety risks such as electric shock and short circuit, the closed annular water tank is placed inside the outer rectangular frame 1 .

In this embodiment, the first test section is provided with a fish feeding port 5, which has a horn-shaped structure, a wide upper port, a narrow lower port, and a height of 5-10 cm. Among them, the bell mouth is designed to facilitate the transport of experimental fish. Through the raised design, the water level in the fish port 5 is higher than the water level in the circulating water tank during the test, and the entry of outside air is blocked by the function of the water seal.

In this embodiment, the first test section and the second test section are both designed as straight line sections, and the maximum dimension of the straight line section is 90×30×30cm (length, width and height). The purpose is that the straight line segment can create stable flow field conditions and improve the test accuracy.

In this embodiment, the upstream of the first test area 4 and the downstream of the second test area 9 are connected by a front rectifying device 8, and the front rectifying device 8 is a semi-circular rectifying baffle, and the semi-circular rectifying baffle is Evenly divided into 3 to 5 water inlet channels, the downstream of the first test area 4 and the upstream of the second test area 9 are connected by a rear rectifier, and the rear rectifier is a 1/4 circular rectifying baffle, 1/4 The circular rectifying baffle is evenly divided into 3 to 5 water outlet channels. The number of the water inlet channels and the water outlet channels are kept the same, and the spacing is the same. Generally, 4 channels can meet the requirements. Further, the number and spacing of the water inlet channels and the water outlet channels are kept the same, and the purpose is to ensure that the water flow in the circulating water tank is smooth to the greatest extent, and the inflow and outflow directions of the water flow are not deflected. The water inlet channel is provided with a water inlet 7, and the water outlet channel is provided with a water outlet 14. The purpose is to ensure timely replenishment and discharge of excess water during the test process. At the same time, a water inlet 7 is provided on the water inlet channel to ensure fresh water flow. The water outlet 14 is provided after the water outlet channel of the test fish is replenished in time, so that the test excrement and other impurities can be quickly discharged, so as to maintain the freshness of the water flow in the circulating water tank.

In this embodiment, the airtight annular water tank 2 between the water flow driving device and the rear fairing device has an exhaust hole 12 . During the high-speed rotation of the propeller 10 , air bubbles are easily generated and collected near the two holes 12 . To this end, an exhaust hole 12 is designed here, and the gas collected here can be quickly discharged out of the water tank.

In this embodiment, the limit flow rate of the second test area is greater than that of the first test area. The principle is that the second test area is directly set in front of the propeller, and the loss is small, and the flow area is also small.

In this embodiment, the first rectifying grid plate 3 has an inner diameter of 2 cm and a length of 5-10 cm and is uniformly composed of a rectangular plate with a cross-section of 30×30 cm, which is arranged at the junction of the curve and the straight section. The first guide grid plate 6 is made of plexiglass plate with a thickness of 5mm, and the inner diameter of the cross section is 2cm holes. The centers of the cylinders 31 are on the same horizontal straight line. The second rectifying grid plate 92 is made of a cylinder with a diameter of 2 cm and a length of 10-15 cm. The second guide orifice plate 91 is made of a plexiglass plate with a thickness of 5 mm and a circular hole with an inner diameter of 2 cm. The center of each second cylinder 93 on the rectifying grid 92 and the second guiding grid 91 is on the same horizontal line, the purpose of which is to ensure that the flow velocity distribution on the cross section of the water flow in the second test area is uniform and the flow state is stable.

In this embodiment, the water-passing area adjustment device includes a top adjustment plate 41, an inner adjustment plate 42 and a bottom adjustment plate 43, all of which can be equipped with a lifting adjustment structure. To meet the test requirements, the liftable structure adopts a 5cm step, and the minimum size of the first test area is adjusted to 90×10×10cm (length, width and height). Further, in the scalable adjustment structure of this embodiment, lifting screws are fixed at four corners of the adjustment plate, and the adjustment plate is lifted and lowered by rotating the bolts on the top of the screws. The adjustment of the top adjustment plate 41 can effectively avoid the occurrence of fluctuations in the water surface at the top, and the adjustment of the bottom adjustment plate can improve the problems such as the large flow velocity at the bottom. The function of the water-passing area adjustment device is to adjust the cross-sectional area of the first test area 4 by adjusting the position of the plate. Its purpose is: first, to flexibly adjust the size of the test area according to the scale of the test fish, and second, to adjust and reduce the cross-sectional area. The extreme value of the water flow velocity in the first test area 4 is increased, and thirdly, through fine adjustment in three directions, the generation of eddy currents in local areas can be effectively avoided.

In this embodiment, the water flow driving device includes a propeller 10 , an optical axis 13 and a motor 16 which are connected in sequence. The propeller 10 is equipped with a circular sleeve 101 , and the maximum outer diameter of the propeller 10 is smaller than the inner diameter of the circular sleeve 101 by 0.5～ 1cm. The circular sleeve 101 can be fixed in the closed annular water tank 2 by the rectangular frame 102 . Preferably, the maximum outer diameter of the propeller 10 is smaller than the inner diameter of the circular sleeve 101 by 0.5-1 cm, and the size of the rectangular outer frame 102 is 30×30 cm with the cross-sectional size of the water tank. The motor 16 is a variable frequency motor, and the variable frequency motor is controlled by a frequency converter. The most important feature of the variable frequency motor is variable frequency. At the same time, in order to ensure the working time limit of the motor at a lower frequency, a higher power motor cooling system (ie, a cooling fan) is required to replace the configuration. Motor fan. The inverter is controlled by a PC control unit, and the PC control unit 18 can control the output frequency of the customized motor 16 in real time through the inverter through a self-programming control program, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the flow rate of the test area.

In addition, a coupling is installed between the optical axis and the rotating shaft of the motor 16, and a plurality of bearing supports and waterproof fittings are arranged.

In this embodiment, the flow velocity measurement device adopts a 3-dimensional flow velocity measurement unit, and the 3-dimensional flow velocity measurement unit V1 adopts a high-precision Vectrino type acoustic Doppler point flow meter measurement system with a wide range of applications. is ±1mm/s, and the output frequency is 1 to 25Hz.

Example 2:

This embodiment provides a method for testing the swimming ability of fish. The method is implemented by the device for testing the swimming ability of fish described in Embodiment 1. The measurement is carried out as follows:

(1) Preliminary test

Before the formal test, the relationship between the flow rate of the first test area 4 and the second test area 9 and the frequency of the motor 16 needs to be determined first. The first test area 4 first adjusts the height of the top adjusting plate 41 , the inner adjusting plate 42 and the bottom adjusting plate 43 through the water-passing area adjusting device, specifically the height of the top adjusting plate 41 , the inner adjusting plate 42 and the bottom adjusting plate 43 , to achieve the purpose of adjusting the water-passing area. Through the water flow drive device, the PC control unit 18 and the frequency converter 17 control the output power of the motor 16 to control the propeller 10 to generate different thrusts, forcing the water flow in the water tank to move faster. Then, set up a three-dimensional flow velocity measurement unit v1, measure the water flow velocity in the first test area 4 at different frequencies, and obtain the relationship between the water flow velocity in the first test area 4 and the motor frequency. Similarly, the three-dimensional flow velocity measurement unit v1 is set up in the second test area 9 to measure and obtain the relational expression between the water flow velocity and the motor frequency in the second test area 9 .

(2) Measurement of induced flow velocity

During the test, take a number of test fish that have been temporarily raised for at least 24 hours and divide them into n groups. They are grouped into the first test area 4 in the fish swimming ability test tank. At the same time, the swimming behavior of the fish was observed. When more than half of the test fish began to swim against the current, the motor frequency was recorded at this time, and the relationship between the first test flow velocity v1 obtained through the preliminary test (1) and the motor frequency was deduced. Water flow velocity, and consider that the velocity value at this time is the induction velocity value, repeat the above test, and take the average of n groups of induction velocity values as the induction velocity of the test fish;

(3) Critical swimming speed

During the test, take a number of test fish that have been temporarily raised for at least 24 hours, divide them into n groups, and place them in the first test area 4 in the fish swimming ability test tank, and increase the flow rate through the water flow drive device within a predetermined time, and observe the test. The swimming state of the fish until the test fish is fatigued, and the corresponding motor frequency is recorded. Similarly, the flow velocity value is deduced from the relationship between the first test flow velocity v1 and the motor frequency, and the above experiment is repeated, and the average of n groups of critical swimming speeds is taken as the critical swimming speed of the test fish;

(4) Measuring method of inrush flow velocity

During the experiment, firstly, the experimental fish within a certain body length range after 24 hours of temporary culture were subjected to 2 times of rushing swimming speed estimation tests to obtain the estimated value of their rushing swimming speed, and then the speed increment of the experiment was determined according to the estimated value. Further specific operation methods are as follows:

4.1) Prediction test of sudden swimming speed: 1 fish is randomly selected and placed in the second test area 9 of the fish swimming ability test tank. Before the test, the test fish is controlled by the water current drive device to control the flow rate in the second test area 9. It was 1BL/s and continued to adapt at this flow rate for 1h to eliminate the unsuitability and artificial stress of the test fish caused by the transfer process. Then, the relationship between the water flow rate and the motor frequency in the second test area 9 is obtained from the preliminary test (1), and the output frequency of the motor 16 is controlled by the PC control unit 18 and the variable frequency motor 17, and the test flow rate is increased by 0.4BL every 20s. /s, until the fish is fatigued, record the flow velocity value at this time, and use the formula (1) to obtain the estimated value of the sudden swimming speed. The average value of the two estimated values was used as the estimated value of the sudden swimming speed, which was used as the reference value for the formal test. Further, the fatigue standard of the test fish is as follows: the time when the test fish is swept to the downstream guide grid by the water flow and cannot swim for more than 20s.

In the formula: U _burst is the sudden swimming speed, cm/s; U is the water flow speed before the test fish fatigue, cm/s; ΔU is the flow rate increment, that is, the estimated value of the sudden swimming speed of 15%, cm/s; t Δt is the time interval for the increase of flow velocity, s.

4.2) Formal test: put a single-tailed test fish with the same body length into the second test area 9 placed in the fish swimming ability test tank, and in the same way, make it adapt to 1h at a flow rate of 1BL/s and start the test . The flow rate was first increased to 60% of the estimated dash swimming speed within 10s, then the flow rate was increased every 20s. Increase the estimated value of the dash swimming speed by 15%, and observe and record the swimming behavior of the fish at the same time, until the test fish is tired and cannot continue to swim, the test is terminated, and the current speed and swimming time are recorded at this time, and the dash is calculated by the following formula (1). swimming speed.

After the above steps, the swimming ability test test of the test fish can be completed, which mainly includes the measurement contents of the induction flow rate, the critical swimming speed and the sudden swimming speed. If different types or sizes of test fish are measured, it is necessary to readjust the water passage area of the first test area 9 through the water passage area condition device, and then repeat the above steps.

With the device provided in Example 1, more abundant and stable current conditions can be obtained, and the swimming ability indicators such as the induction swimming speed, the critical swimming speed and the sudden swimming speed of the target fish can be tested. The swimming ability parameter index obtained from the test is applied to the design of fishways such as gates and dams, so as to improve the efficiency of fish passing through the fishway, and further play the role that the fishway should play as the only ecological compensation engineering measure.

In the above-mentioned embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a fish swimming ability test device, is characterized in that, comprises: A closed annular water tank, a first test area and a second test area are arranged in the closed annular water tank, and the first test area includes a first test section and a first rectifying grid plate respectively located upstream and downstream of the first test section and a first guide grid, the first test area includes a second test section, a second rectification grid and a second guide grid respectively located upstream and downstream of the second test section, the second test section It also has a water-passing area adjustment device; a water flow driving device, the driving end of the water flow driving device extends into the closed annular water tank and is arranged upstream of the second test area; A flow rate measurement device, the flow rate measurement device being arranged in the first test zone or the second test zone. 2 . A fish swimming ability test device according to claim 1 , wherein the water-passing area adjustment device comprises a top adjustment plate, an inner adjustment plate and a bottom adjustment plate, all of which are equipped with a liftable adjustment structure. 3 . 3 . A fish swimming ability testing device according to claim 1 , wherein the water current driving device comprises a propeller, an optical axis and a motor which are connected in sequence, and the motor is a frequency conversion motor. 4 . 4 . The device for testing fish swimming ability according to claim 1 , wherein the first test section has a fish opening. 5 . 5 . The device for testing fish swimming ability according to claim 1 , wherein the first test section and the second test section are both straight line sections. 6 . 6. a kind of fish swimming ability test device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, each cylinder front and rear center on the described first rectifying grid plate and the first guiding grid plate structure is on the same horizontal line, The second straightening grid plate and the front and rear centers of each cylinder on the second air guiding grid plate structure are on the same horizontal straight line. 7. a kind of fish swimming ability test device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the upstream of described first test area and the downstream of second test area are connected by front fairing device, and described front fairing device is half. The circular rectifying baffle, the semi-circular rectifying baffle is evenly divided into 3 to 5 water inlet channels, the downstream of the first test area and the upstream of the second test area are connected by the rear rectifier, and the rear rectifier is The 1/4 circular rectifying partition is evenly divided into 3 to 5 water outlet channels, the number of the water inlet channels and the water outlet channels are kept the same, and the spacing is the same. 8. a kind of fish swimming ability testing device according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described water inlet channel is provided with water inlet, described water outlet channel is provided with water outlet after described water flow drive device and rear. There are exhaust holes on the closed annular water tank between the fairing devices. 9 . A fish swimming ability testing device according to claim 1 , wherein a circular sleeve is provided outside the propeller, and the maximum outer diameter of the propeller is smaller than the inner diameter of the circular sleeve by 0.5-1 cm. 10 . 10. a fish swimming ability test method, is characterized in that, this method is realized by the fish swimming ability test device described in claim 1, and this method comprises a kind of in induction flow velocity, critical swimming speed and sudden swimming speed or a variety of measurements, as follows: (1) Preliminary test Before the formal test, it is first necessary to measure the relationship between the flow velocity of the first test area and the second test area and the motor frequency in the water flow drive device, as follows: in the first test area, first adjust the water area parameters through the water area adjustment device, Then, the flow velocity in the first test area at different frequencies is measured by the water flow driving device, and the relationship between the flow velocity in the first test area and the motor frequency in the water flow driving device is obtained; in the same way, the flow velocity in the second test area and the motor in the water flow driving device are obtained relationship between frequencies; (2) Measurement of induced flow velocity During the test, take a number of test fish that have been temporarily raised for at least 24 hours, divide them into n groups, and place them in the first test area. Swimming behavior, when more than half of the test fish start to swim against the current, record the motor frequency in the water current drive device at this time, and inversely deduce the flow rate through the relationship between the first test flow rate and the motor frequency, and consider the flow rate at this time as the induction flow rate. value, repeat the above test, take the average of n groups of induced flow velocity values as the induced flow velocity of the test fish; (3) Critical swimming speed During the test, take a number of test fish that have been temporarily raised for at least 24 hours, divide them into n groups, and place them in the first test area. Fatigue, record the motor frequency in the corresponding water current drive device, inversely deduce the flow rate value through the first test flow rate and motor frequency relationship, repeat the above test, and take the average of n groups of critical swimming speeds as the critical swimming speed of the test fish; (4) Measuring method of inrush flow velocity During the test, firstly, the test fish within a certain body length range after being temporarily raised for at least 24 hours is subjected to a dash forward swimming speed estimation test, and the estimated value of its rush swimming speed is obtained, and then the speed increment of the test is determined according to the estimated value. The specific operation method as follows: 4.1) Prediction test of sudden swimming speed: randomly select 1 fish each time and place it in the second test area. Before the test, let the test fish adapt to the predetermined flow rate, and then increase the test flow rate by k BL/s every predetermined time. , until the fish is fatigued, record the flow velocity value at this time, and use the formula (1) to obtain the estimated value of the sudden swimming speed, and take the average value of multiple estimated values as the estimated value of the sudden swimming speed, as the reference value of the formal test ;

In the formula: U _burst is the sudden swimming speed, cm/s; U is the water flow speed before the test fish becomes fatigued, cm/s; ΔU is the flow rate increment, cm/s; t is the time spent by the fish in fatigue during this period, Δt is the time interval for increasing the flow rate, s; 4.2) Formal test: put the single-tailed test fish of the same body length into the second test area in , and make them adapt to the same predetermined flow rate as in step 4.1) and start the test, first increase the flow rate to f within p seconds % of the estimated value of the sudden swimming speed, and then the flow rate is increased by w% of the estimated value of the sudden swimming speed every h seconds. At the same time, the swimming behavior of the fish is observed and recorded, and the test is ended when the test fish is tired and cannot continue to swim. Record At this time, the water flow speed and the swimming time are calculated by the following formula (1).

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