CN111449007A - Fish swimming capability testing device and method - Google Patents
Fish swimming capability testing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for testing swimming capacity of fishes, which comprises a closed annular water tank, wherein a first test area and a second test area are arranged in the closed annular water tank, the first test area comprises a first test section, a first rectifying grid plate and a first flow guide grid plate which are respectively positioned at the upper and lower parts of the first test section, the first test area comprises a second test section, a second rectifying grid plate and a second flow guide grid plate which are respectively positioned at the upper and lower parts of the second test section, and a water passing area adjusting device is also arranged on the second test section; the driving end of the water flow driving device extends into the closed annular water tank and is arranged at the upstream of the second testing area; a flow rate measurement device disposed in the first or second test zones. The swimming ability parameter index obtained by the test is applied to the fishway design of gate dams and the like, so that the fish passing efficiency of the fishway is improved, and the function of the fishway as the only ecological compensation engineering measure is further exerted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tests in ecological environment protection in hydraulic engineering, in particular to a device and a method for testing swimming capacity of fishes.
Background
China is the country with the most built dams in the world, the first full water conservancy general survey data in 2010 to 2012 are built at 980002 of the built dams, and 268476 water gates with the gate passing flow of 1 cubic meter per second or more are built. The most direct influence is that the longitudinal connectivity of the river is damaged, the upstream channel of the fish is cut off, particularly for the fish with the wandering habit, the living habits of fish such as bait taking, overwintering, spawning and the like are seriously influenced, so that the diversity of fish populations is lost, the quality of economic fish is degraded, and even the endangered extinction of the wandering fish populations in partial upstream holes is caused. The river longitudinal connectivity is recovered, the smooth upstream channel of the fishes is ensured, the fishes only return to the upstream channel, and the following primary task is achieved, and meanwhile, the river longitudinal connectivity is not slow. The fishway is used as a unique ecological compensation engineering measure to help fishes smoothly pass through barriers such as a hydro-junction and the like, and has an important effect on fish resource protection and river ecosystem function recovery. In recent years, with the enhancement of environmental ecological awareness and the increase of national ecological environment protection, more and more investment is obtained in fishway research and construction.
Currently, from the research results, fishways with effective fish passing constructed in various countries around the world are generally less than 50%, wherein one of the main reasons why the fish passing through the fishway is difficult to resist the water flow obstruction is. Through engineering measures, the establishment of water flow conditions suitable for the upward tracing of fishes is one of key limiting factors of success and failure of fishway construction. However, most of the traditional fishways only perform research on hydraulic characteristics of hydraulic buildings and do not perform sufficient research on swimming behavior characteristics of fishes. Therefore, the fish swimming behavior characteristics are not considered in the fishway design process, and the ideal fish passing effect is often difficult to achieve, so that the traditional hydraulics and the fish swimming behavior characteristic research are combined, the research on the influence of hydrodynamic factors on the fish swimming behavior is carried out, and the fishway hydraulic design guidance is of great importance.
The current common indexes for reflecting the swimming capability of fishes mainly comprise induction flow rate, critical swimming speed and inrush swimming speed. The induction flow rate is the minimum flow rate at which the fish can distinguish the water flow direction, and the sensing capability of the fish on the water flow direction is reflected; the critical swimming speed reflects the long-time swimming capability of the fishes and is an important index for designing the main stream of the fishway pool room and determining the interval between the rest pools; the sudden-entering speed is the design basis of a fishway high-flow-speed area and is used for designing the flow speed of water flow at the positions of an orifice, a vertical seam and the like of a fishway pool chamber.
The existing fish swimming capability determination is generally carried out under a specially designed uniform flow field, and the premise of the test is that the swimming speed of the fish is assumed to be the same as the water flow speed, and the fish swimming state is judged by observing the change conditions of the fish swimming state under the conditions of different flow rates. The existing fish swimming capability test system has the problems that a test area has more vortexes and dead angles, the limit flow rate is small, the water surface fluctuation is large, the high rotating speed of a propeller is easy to generate bubbles, the test area can not be adjusted, the single test area is formed, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a fish swimming capability testing device and method, and aims to solve the problems that the existing fish swimming capability testing device has more vortexes and dead angles in a test area, small limiting flow rate, large water surface fluctuation, easy generation of bubbles at high rotating speed of a propeller, unadjustable test area, single test area and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
according to a first aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a fish swimming ability test apparatus, including:
the device comprises a closed annular water tank, wherein a first test area and a second test area are arranged in the closed annular water tank, the first test area comprises a first test section, a first rectifying grid plate and a first flow guide grid plate which are respectively positioned at the upper and lower streams of the first test section, the first test area comprises a second test section, a second rectifying grid plate and a second flow guide grid plate which are respectively positioned at the upper and lower streams of the second test section, and a water passing area adjusting device is also arranged on the second test section;
the driving end of the water flow driving device extends into the closed annular water tank and is arranged at the upstream of the second testing area;
a flow rate measurement device disposed in the first test zone or the second test zone.
Furthermore, the water passing area adjusting device comprises a top adjusting plate, an inner side adjusting plate and a bottom adjusting plate which are all provided with a lifting adjusting structure.
Furthermore, the water flow driving device comprises a propeller, an optical axis and a motor which are sequentially connected, wherein the motor is a variable frequency motor.
Further, a fish placing opening is formed in the first testing section.
Further, the first test section and the second test section are both straight line segments.
Furthermore, the front circle center and the rear circle center of each cylinder on the first rectifying grid plate and the first flow guide grid plate structure are on the same horizontal straight line, and the front circle center and the rear circle center of each cylinder on the second rectifying grid plate and the second flow guide grid plate structure are on the same horizontal straight line.
Furthermore, the upstream of the first test area and the downstream of the second test area are connected through a front rectifying device, the front rectifying device is a semicircular rectifying partition plate, the semicircular rectifying partition plate is evenly divided into 3-5 water inlet channels, the downstream of the first test area and the upstream of the second test area are connected through a rear rectifying device, the rear rectifying device is an 1/4 circular rectifying partition plate, the 1/4 circular rectifying partition plate is evenly divided into 3-5 water outlet channels, and the number of the water inlet channels and the number of the water outlet channels are consistent and the distance between the water inlet channels and the water outlet channels are consistent.
Furthermore, a water inlet is formed in the water inlet channel, and a water outlet is formed in the back of the water outlet channel.
Furthermore, an exhaust hole is formed in the closed annular water tank between the water flow driving device and the rear rectifying device.
Furthermore, a circular sleeve is arranged outside the propeller, and the maximum outer diameter of the propeller is 0.5-1 cm smaller than the inner diameter of the circular sleeve.
According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a fish swimming ability test method implemented by the fish swimming ability test apparatus of the first aspect, the method comprising measuring one or more of a sensed flow rate, a critical swimming speed, and a plunge swimming speed, as follows:
(1) preliminary test
Before formal test, firstly, a relation between the flow velocity of a first test area and a second test area and the frequency of a motor in a water flow driving device needs to be measured, and the relation is as follows: the first test area firstly adjusts the parameters of the water passing area through the water passing area adjusting device, and then measures the flow velocity of the first test area under different frequencies through the water flow driving device to obtain a relational expression between the flow velocity of the first test area and the motor frequency in the water flow driving device; in the same way, obtaining a relational expression between the flow speed of the second test area and the motor frequency in the water flow driving device;
(2) measurement of induced flow velocity
During testing, taking a plurality of test fishes temporarily cultured for at least 24 hours, dividing the test fishes into n groups, placing the groups into a first test area, adjusting the test flow rate step by step through a water flow driving device after the test fishes are adapted to a preset time in still water, observing the swimming behavior of the fishes, recording the motor frequency in the water flow driving device when more than half of the test fishes start to swim in a reverse flow mode, reversely deducing the flow rate through a relation formula of the first test flow rate and the motor frequency, considering the flow rate value at the moment as an induction flow rate value, repeating the test, and taking the average of the n groups of induction flow rate values as the induction flow rate of the test fishes;
(3) critical swimming speed
During testing, a plurality of test fishes temporarily cultured for at least 24 hours are taken and divided into n groups, the test fishes are placed in a first test area in groups, the flow rate is increased progressively through a water flow driving device within preset time, the swimming state of the test fishes is observed until the test fishes are fatigued, the corresponding motor frequency in the water flow driving device is recorded, the flow rate value is reversely deduced through a relation formula of the first test flow rate and the motor frequency, the test is repeated, and the average of the n groups of critical swimming speeds is taken as the critical swimming speed of the test fishes;
(4) method for measuring plunging flow velocity
During testing, firstly, a sudden-moving speed estimation test is carried out on a tested fish within a certain integral length range after temporary rearing for at least 24 hours to obtain a sudden-moving speed estimation value, and then the speed increment of the test is determined according to the estimation value, wherein the specific operation method comprises the following steps:
4.1) estimating the speed of sudden advance, namely randomly selecting 1 fish at each time and placing the fish in a second test area, enabling the fish to adapt at a preset flow speed before the test, then increasing the test flow speed by k B L/s every preset time until the fish is fatigued, recording the current flow speed value, obtaining the estimated value of the speed of sudden advance by using a formula (1), and taking the average value of the multiple estimated values as the estimated value of the speed of sudden advance as a reference value of a formal test;
in the formula: u shapeburstIn cm/s for the speed of the plunge swimming; u is the water flow speed before the fatigue of the tested fish, cm/s; delta U is flow velocity increment, cm/s; t is the time used by the fish in the period of fatigue, delta t is the time interval of flow rate increase, s;
4.2) formal test: putting the single-tail test fish with the same body length range into a second test area, enabling the single-tail test fish to be adapted at the same preset flow rate as the step 4.1), starting the test, firstly increasing the flow rate to an estimated value of the sudden swimming speed of f% within p seconds, then increasing the flow rate to an estimated value of the sudden swimming speed of w% every h seconds, simultaneously observing and recording the swimming behavior of the fish, ending the test until the test fish is fatigued and can not continue swimming, recording the water flow speed and the swimming time at the moment, and calculating the sudden swimming speed through the following formula (1).
According to the technical scheme, compared with the existing design method of the fish swimming capability testing device, the embodiment of the invention simultaneously provides two testing areas, and the size of the testing area can be freely adjusted according to parameters such as the length of a tested fish body. Meanwhile, due to the arrangement of the water passing area adjusting device, the front and rear rectifying grid plates and the flow guide grid plate, the occurrence of unfavorable flow states such as vortex, low flow rate dead angle, water surface fluctuation and the like in a test area can be effectively eliminated. The device and the method provided by the embodiment of the invention can meet the test conditions of swimming ability of most fishes, the designed flow rate extreme value of the test area is larger, and the maximum flow rate can reach 2m/s or more. The device provided by the embodiment of the invention is simple to assemble and disassemble, and brings convenience for subsequent maintenance.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a fish swimming ability testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a first test area in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a fish inlet in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of a second test area in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 1;
in the figure, the direction indicated by the arrow is the water flow direction, and the direction indicated by the fish head is the swimming direction of the tested fish;
in the figure: 1-outer rectangular frame, 2-closed annular water tank, 3-first rectifying grid plate, 4-first testing area, 5-fish releasing port, 6-first guiding grid plate, 7-water inlet, 8-front rectifying device, 9-second testing area, 10-propeller, 11-round barrel sleeve, 12-exhaust hole, 13-optical axis, 14-water outlet, 15-coupling, 16-motor, 17-speed changer, 18-PC control unit, 31-first barrel, 41-top regulating plate, 42-inner regulating plate, 43-bottom regulating plate, 51-fish releasing port bottom port, 51-fish releasing port top port, 91-second guiding pore plate, 92-second rectifying grid plate, 93-second barrel, v1-3 dimension flow rate measuring unit, 101-circular sleeve, 102-rectangular frame.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of this application and in the drawings are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described herein are, for example, capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures.
Exemplary embodiments according to the present application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These exemplary embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to only the embodiments set forth herein. It is to be understood that these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art, in the drawings, it is possible to enlarge the thicknesses of layers and regions for clarity, and the same devices are denoted by the same reference numerals, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1 to 8, the present embodiment provides a fish swimming ability test apparatus, including:
the device comprises a closed annular water tank 2, wherein a first test area 4 and a second test area 9 are arranged in the closed annular water tank 2, the first test area 4 comprises a first test section, a first rectifying grid plate 3 and a first flow guide grid plate 6 which are respectively positioned at the upper and lower parts of the first test section, the first test area 4 comprises a second test section, a second rectifying grid plate 92 and a second flow guide grid plate 91 which are respectively positioned at the upper and lower parts of the second test section, and a water passing area adjusting device is further arranged on the second test section;
a water flow driving device, wherein a driving end of the water flow driving device extends into the closed annular water tank 2 and is arranged at the upstream of the second testing area 9;
a flow rate measuring device disposed in the first test zone 4 or the second test zone 9.
According to the technical scheme, the first test area 4 and the second test area 9 are arranged in the closed annular water tank 2, the first test area 4 can meet most of test contents, and the second test area 9 mainly meets the requirement that the experimental fish is started when the inrush flow velocity is more than 1.5 m/s. The working principle of the first test area is that under the condition that the water flow driving device generates the same thrust, the water passing area is changed through the water passing area adjusting device, the flow speed of the water passing area is reduced, and the flow speed of the water passing area is increased, and the flow speed of the cross section is enlarged. In this way, the most direct advantage is that the flow gradient in the first test area is richer, and the limit value is further increased under the same rotation speed condition. Meanwhile, the water passing area adjusting device can effectively avoid the generation of top water surface fluctuation and improve the problems of large bottom flow velocity and the like.
The second test zone 9 is arranged in front of the water flow outlet of the water flow driving device and is circular in cross section, providing a tubular flow velocity field. Further, the second test zone 9 is complementary to the first test zone, with the aim of providing greater flow field conditions. The flow field extreme of the first test zone 4 is about 1.5m/s, while the flow of the second test zone 9 can reach more than 2.0 m/s. Meanwhile, the inner diameter of the side wall of the second test area 9 is consistent with the inner diameter 101 of the sleeve of the propeller 10, and a uniform flow velocity field is created through the rectification action of the second cylinder 93, so that the occurrence of eddy currents and dead angles is effectively avoided. The second test zone 9 is primarily subjected to a test fish plunge swim speed test.
In this embodiment, the closed annular water tank 2 is the outer boundary of the self-circulation flow velocity field designed by the present invention. In order to prevent water in the closed annular water tank from overflowing and avoid safety risks such as electric shock short circuit and the like, the closed annular water tank is arranged in the outer rectangular frame 1.
In this embodiment, have on the first test section and put fish mouth 5, its structure is loudspeaker type, and the mouth is wide on, and the mouth is narrow down, and the height is 5 ~ 10 cm. Wherein, the bell mouth design is for the convenience transports experimental fish. Through protruding design, the water level in putting fish mouth 5 during the experiment is higher than the circulating water tank water level, through the effect of water seal, the separation outside air gets into.
In this embodiment, the first testing section and the second testing section are both designed as straight line segments, and the maximum dimension of the straight line segments is 90 × 30 × 30cm (length, width and height).
In this embodiment, the upstream of the first test area 4 and the downstream of the second test area 9 are connected through a front rectifying device 8, the front rectifying device 8 is a semicircular rectifying partition plate, the semicircular rectifying partition plate is uniformly divided into 3-5 water inlet channels, the downstream of the first test area 4 and the upstream of the second test area 9 are connected through a rear rectifying device, the rear rectifying device is an 1/4 circular rectifying partition plate, the 1/4 circular rectifying partition plate is uniformly divided into 3-5 water outlet channels, the number of the water inlet channels and the number of the water outlet channels are consistent, the distance between the water inlet channels and the water outlet channels are consistent, and the requirement can be met by 4 channels generally. Furthermore, the quantity and the distance of the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel are kept consistent, the purpose is to ensure that the water flow in the circulating water tank is smooth to the maximum extent, and the flow direction of the water flow in and out does not deflect. Be provided with water inlet 7 on the inhalant canal, be provided with delivery port 14 behind the exhalant canal, its purpose guarantees in time to mend and the unnecessary water yield of discharge among the test process, sets up water inlet 7 on inhalant canal simultaneously, guarantees that fresh water flow in time to set up delivery port 14 after experimental fish exhalant canal and can be with the rapid discharge of experimental excrement and other impurity to keep rivers new freshness in the circulating water tank.
In this embodiment, the closed annular water tank 2 between the water flow driving device and the rear rectifying device is provided with an exhaust hole 12. During high speed rotation of the propeller 10, air bubbles tend to form and collect near the 2 holes 12. For this purpose, a venting opening 12 is provided here, which allows the gas collected there to be rapidly discharged out of the water bath.
In this embodiment, the second test area limiting flow rate is greater than the first test area, and the principle is that the second test area is directly arranged in front of the propeller, so that the loss is small, and the flow area is small.
In this embodiment, the first rectification grid plate 3 is a rectangular plate with an inner diameter of 2cm and a cross section of 30 × 30cm, and is arranged at the junction of a curved path and a straight path, the first flow guiding grid plate 6 is made of a 5mm thick organic glass plate, and holes with an inner diameter of 2cm are arranged on the cross section of the first flow guiding grid plate 6, preferably, the centers of circles of the first cylinders 31 on the first rectification grid plate 3 and the first flow guiding grid plate 6 are on the same horizontal straight line, the second rectification grid plate 92 is made of a 2cm diameter and a 10-15 cm length cylinder, the second flow guiding hole plate 91 is made of an organic glass plate with a thickness of 5mm and uniformly provided with circular holes with an inner diameter of 2cm, preferably, the centers of circles of the second cylinders 93 on the second rectification grid plate 92 and the second flow guiding grid plate 91 are on the same horizontal straight line, so as to ensure uniform flow velocity distribution and stable flow state on the water cross section of the second test area.
In this embodiment, the water passing area adjusting device includes a top adjusting plate 41, an inner adjusting plate 42 and a bottom adjusting plate 43, which are all provided with a lifting adjusting structure, the height of each side adjusting plate can be adjusted conveniently and flexibly according to the test requirement to meet the test requirement, wherein the lifting structure adopts a 5cm grade, the minimum dimension of the first test area is adjusted to 90 × 10 × 10cm (length, width and height).
In this embodiment, the water flow driving device comprises a propeller 10, an optical axis 13 and a motor 16 which are connected in sequence, wherein a circular sleeve 101 is arranged outside the propeller 10, the maximum outer diameter of the propeller 10 is smaller than the inner diameter of the circular sleeve 101 by 0.5-1 cm., and the circular sleeve 101 can be fixed in the closed annular water tank 2 through a rectangular frame 102. preferably, the maximum outer diameter of the propeller 10 is smaller than the inner diameter of the circular sleeve 101 by 0.5-1 cm, the size of the rectangular outer frame 102 and the size of the cross section of the water tank are 30 × 30 cm.. the motor 16 is a variable frequency motor which is controlled by a frequency converter, and the variable frequency motor is characterized by variable frequency.
In addition, a coupling is arranged between the optical axis and the rotating shaft of the motor 16, and a plurality of supporting supports with bearings, waterproof accessories and the like are arranged.
In this embodiment, the flow velocity measurement device adopts a 3-dimensional flow velocity measurement unit, and the 3-dimensional flow velocity measurement unit V1 adopts a measurement system of a Vectrino acoustic doppler point type flow velocity meter with a wide application range and high precision, the precision of the measurement system is ± 1mm/s, and the output frequency is 1 to 25 Hz.
Example 2:
this example provides a method for testing swimming ability of fish, which is implemented by the device of example 1, and includes measuring one or more of the induced flow rate, the critical swimming speed, and the plunge swimming speed, and is implemented as follows:
(1) preliminary test
Before the formal test, the relation between the flow rate of the first test area 4 and the second test area 9 and the frequency of the motor 16 needs to be determined. The height of the top adjusting plate 41, the inner adjusting plate 42 and the bottom adjusting plate 43 of the first testing area 4 is adjusted by the water passing area adjusting device, specifically by the equipped lifting adjusting structure, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the water passing area. The output power of the motor 16 is controlled by the water flow driving device through the PC control unit 18 and the frequency converter 17 so as to control the propeller 10 to generate different thrust forces, and the water flow in the water tank is forced to move in an accelerated way. Then, a three-dimensional flow velocity measuring unit v1 is erected to measure the flow velocity of the water flow in the first test area 4 under different frequencies, and a relational expression between the flow velocity of the water flow in the first test area 4 and the motor frequency is obtained. Similarly, a three-dimensional flow rate measuring unit v1 is installed in the second test section 9, and the relationship between the flow rate of water in the second test section 9 and the motor frequency is determined and obtained.
(2) Measurement of induced flow velocity
During testing, a plurality of test fishes temporarily cultured for at least 24 hours are taken and divided into n groups, the test fishes are placed in a first testing area 4 in a fish swimming capacity testing water tank in groups, the water flow speed is gradually increased through a water flow driving device after the test fishes are adapted to a preset time in still water, the swimming behavior of the fishes is observed at the same time, when more than half of the test fishes start to swim in a reverse flow mode, the frequency of a motor at the moment is recorded, the water flow speed is reversely deduced through a relation formula of a first test flow speed v1 obtained through a preliminary test (1) and the motor frequency, the current flow speed at the moment is considered as an induction flow speed value, the test is repeated, and the average of the n groups of induction flow speed values is taken as the;
(3) critical swimming speed
During testing, a plurality of test fishes temporarily cultured for at least 24 hours are taken and divided into n groups, the test fishes are placed in the first test area 4 in the fish swimming capacity test water tank in groups, the flow rate is increased progressively through the water flow driving device within preset time, the swimming state of the test fishes is observed until the test fishes are fatigued, the corresponding motor frequency is recorded, similarly, the flow rate value is reversely deduced through the relation of the first test flow rate v1 and the motor frequency, the test is repeated, and the average of the n groups of critical swimming speeds is taken as the critical swimming speed of the test fishes;
(4) method for measuring plunging flow velocity
During the test, firstly, the test fish in a certain integral length range after temporary rearing for 24h is subjected to 2 sudden-movement-speed estimation tests to obtain a sudden-movement-speed estimation value, and then the speed increment of the test is determined according to the estimation value. The further concrete operation method is as follows:
4.1) estimating the speed of sudden advance, namely randomly selecting 1 fish at each time and putting the fish into a second test area 9 of a fish swimming capacity test water tank, controlling the flow speed of the fish in the second test area 9 to be 1B L/s by a water flow driving device before the test, continuously adapting for 1h at the flow speed to eliminate the inadaptability and artificial stress of the fish in the transfer process, then obtaining a relational calculation between the flow speed of water in the second test area 9 and the motor frequency by a preparation test (1), controlling the output frequency of a motor 16 by a PC (personal computer) control unit 18 and a variable frequency motor 17, increasing the test flow speed by 0.4B L/s every 20s until the fish is fatigued, recording the current speed value at the moment, obtaining the predicted value of the speed of sudden advance by using the formula (1), taking the average value of the 2 predicted values as the predicted value of the speed of sudden advance as a reference value of a formal test, and taking the fatigue standard of the test fish that the time that the fish cannot swim by a water flow grid plate to the downstream guide plate exceeds 20 s.
In the formula of UburstIn cm/s for the speed of the plunge swimming; u is the water flow speed before the fatigue of the tested fish, cm/s; delta U is the flow rate increment, namely a predicted value of the sudden inflow speed of 15 percent, cm/s; t is the time taken for the fish to become fatigued during this period, Δ t is the time interval, s, at which the flow rate increases.
4.2) formal test, namely, putting the single-tail test fish with the same body length range into a second test area 9 in a fish swimming capacity test water tank, and starting the test after the single-tail test fish is adapted for 1h at the flow rate of 1B L/s by the same method, firstly increasing the flow rate to a pre-estimated value of the inrush swimming speed of 60 percent within 10s, then increasing the flow rate to the pre-estimated value of the inrush swimming speed of 15 percent every 20s, simultaneously observing and recording the swimming behavior of the fish until the test fish is fatigued and can not continue to swim, ending the test, recording the water flow speed and the swimming time at the moment, and calculating the inrush swimming speed by the following formula (1).
The swimming ability test of the test fish can be completed through the steps, and the test method mainly comprises the measurement contents of the induction flow rate, the critical swimming speed and the inrush swimming speed. If test fishes of different types or sizes are measured, the water passing area of the first test area 9 needs to be adjusted again through the water passing area condition device, and then the steps are repeated.
The device provided by the embodiment 1 can obtain richer and more stable water flow conditions, and can test swimming capacity indexes such as the inductive swimming speed, the critical swimming speed and the inrush swimming speed of the target fish. The swimming ability parameter index obtained by the test is applied to the fishway design of gate dams and the like, so that the fish passing efficiency of the fishway is improved, and the function of the fishway as the only ecological compensation engineering measure is further exerted.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fish swimming ability testing device, comprising:
the device comprises a closed annular water tank, wherein a first test area and a second test area are arranged in the closed annular water tank, the first test area comprises a first test section, a first rectifying grid plate and a first flow guide grid plate which are respectively positioned at the upper and lower streams of the first test section, the first test area comprises a second test section, a second rectifying grid plate and a second flow guide grid plate which are respectively positioned at the upper and lower streams of the second test section, and a water passing area adjusting device is also arranged on the second test section;
the driving end of the water flow driving device extends into the closed annular water tank and is arranged at the upstream of the second testing area;
a flow rate measurement device disposed in the first test zone or the second test zone.
2. The fish swimming ability testing device according to claim 1, wherein the water passing area adjusting device comprises a top adjusting plate, an inner adjusting plate and a bottom adjusting plate, which are provided with lifting adjusting structures.
3. The fish swimming ability testing device according to claim 1, wherein the water flow driving device comprises a propeller, an optical axis and a motor which are connected in sequence, and the motor is a variable frequency motor.
4. The fish swimming ability test device according to claim 1, wherein the first test section is provided with a fish placing opening.
5. The fish swimming ability test device according to claim 1, wherein the first test section and the second test section are both straight line sections.
6. The fish swimming ability testing device of claim 1, wherein the first rectification grid plate and the front and back centers of the cylinders of the first flow guiding grid plate structure are on the same horizontal straight line, and the second rectification grid plate and the front and back centers of the cylinders of the second flow guiding grid plate structure are on the same horizontal straight line.
7. The fish swimming ability test device according to claim 1, wherein the upstream of the first test area and the downstream of the second test area are connected through a front rectifying device, the front rectifying device is a semicircular rectifying partition plate, the semicircular rectifying partition plate is evenly divided into 3-5 water inlet channels, the downstream of the first test area and the upstream of the second test area are connected through a rear rectifying device, the rear rectifying device is an 1/4 circular rectifying partition plate, the 1/4 circular rectifying partition plate is evenly divided into 3-5 water outlet channels, and the number and the distance between the water inlet channels and the water outlet channels are consistent.
8. The fish swimming ability testing device according to claim 7, wherein the water inlet channel is provided with a water inlet, the water outlet channel is provided with a water outlet, and the closed annular water tank between the water flow driving device and the rear rectifying device is provided with an exhaust hole.
9. The fish swimming ability test device according to claim 1, wherein a circular sleeve is arranged outside the propeller, and the maximum outer diameter of the propeller is 0.5-1 cm smaller than the inner diameter of the circular sleeve.
10. A method for testing swimming ability of fish, which is implemented by the fish swimming ability testing device of claim 1, and which comprises measuring one or more of a sensed flow rate, a critical swimming speed, and a plunge swimming speed, as follows:
(1) preliminary test
Before formal test, firstly, a relation between the flow velocity of a first test area and a second test area and the frequency of a motor in a water flow driving device needs to be measured, and the relation is as follows: the first test area firstly adjusts the parameters of the water passing area through the water passing area adjusting device, and then measures the flow velocity of the first test area under different frequencies through the water flow driving device to obtain a relational expression between the flow velocity of the first test area and the motor frequency in the water flow driving device; in the same way, obtaining a relational expression between the flow speed of the second test area and the motor frequency in the water flow driving device;
(2) measurement of induced flow velocity
During testing, taking a plurality of test fishes temporarily cultured for at least 24 hours, dividing the test fishes into n groups, placing the groups into a first test area, adjusting the test flow rate step by step through a water flow driving device after the test fishes are adapted to a preset time in still water, observing the swimming behavior of the fishes, recording the motor frequency in the water flow driving device when more than half of the test fishes start to swim in a reverse flow mode, reversely deducing the flow rate through a relation formula of the first test flow rate and the motor frequency, considering the flow rate value at the moment as an induction flow rate value, repeating the test, and taking the average of the n groups of induction flow rate values as the induction flow rate of the test fishes;
(3) critical swimming speed
During testing, a plurality of test fishes temporarily cultured for at least 24 hours are taken and divided into n groups, the test fishes are placed in a first test area in groups, the flow rate is increased progressively through a water flow driving device within preset time, the swimming state of the test fishes is observed until the test fishes are fatigued, the corresponding motor frequency in the water flow driving device is recorded, the flow rate value is reversely deduced through a relation formula of the first test flow rate and the motor frequency, the test is repeated, and the average of the n groups of critical swimming speeds is taken as the critical swimming speed of the test fishes;
(4) method for measuring plunging flow velocity
During testing, firstly, a sudden-moving speed estimation test is carried out on a tested fish within a certain integral length range after temporary rearing for at least 24 hours to obtain a sudden-moving speed estimation value, and then the speed increment of the test is determined according to the estimation value, wherein the specific operation method comprises the following steps:
4.1) estimating the speed of sudden advance, namely randomly selecting 1 fish at each time and placing the fish in a second test area, enabling the fish to adapt at a preset flow speed before the test, then increasing the test flow speed by k B L/s every preset time until the fish is fatigued, recording the current flow speed value, obtaining the estimated value of the speed of sudden advance by using a formula (1), and taking the average value of the multiple estimated values as the estimated value of the speed of sudden advance as a reference value of a formal test;
in the formula: u shapeburstIn cm/s for the speed of the plunge swimming; u is the water flow speed before the fatigue of the tested fish, cm/s; delta U is flow velocity increment, cm/s; t is the time used by the fish in the period of fatigue, delta t is the time interval of flow rate increase, s;
4.2) formal test: putting the single-tail test fish with the same body length range into a second test area, enabling the single-tail test fish to be adapted at the same preset flow rate as the step 4.1), starting the test, firstly increasing the flow rate to an estimated value of the sudden swimming speed of f% within p seconds, then increasing the flow rate to an estimated value of the sudden swimming speed of w% every h seconds, simultaneously observing and recording the swimming behavior of the fish, ending the test until the test fish is fatigued and can not continue swimming, recording the water flow speed and the swimming time at the moment, and calculating the sudden swimming speed through the following formula (1).
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112482298A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-12 | 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Testing device and testing method for fishes crossing dam in mountain river |
| CN114766415A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-07-22 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Fish swimming capacity monitoring device |
| CN115104558A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-09-27 | 厦门大学 | Device and method for evaluating swimming capacity of large yellow croaker population |
| CN115316316A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-11-11 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Fish swimming ability measuring device |
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- 2020-05-12 CN CN202010397363.9A patent/CN111449007A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112482298A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-12 | 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Testing device and testing method for fishes crossing dam in mountain river |
| CN114766415A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-07-22 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Fish swimming capacity monitoring device |
| CN114766415B (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-09-06 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Fish swimming ability monitoring devices |
| CN115104558A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-09-27 | 厦门大学 | Device and method for evaluating swimming capacity of large yellow croaker population |
| CN115316316A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-11-11 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Fish swimming ability measuring device |
| CN115316316B (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2023-06-09 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Fish swimming ability measuring device |
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