CN210857147U - Side dispersion water charging system arrangement device of fishway import fish gathering system - Google Patents
Side dispersion water charging system arrangement device of fishway import fish gathering system Download PDFInfo
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- CN210857147U CN210857147U CN201921766959.0U CN201921766959U CN210857147U CN 210857147 U CN210857147 U CN 210857147U CN 201921766959 U CN201921766959 U CN 201921766959U CN 210857147 U CN210857147 U CN 210857147U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a fishway import fish gathering system side dispersion moisturizing system arranges device belongs to fishway engineering field. A side dispersion water supplement system arrangement device of a fishway inlet fish gathering system adopts a side dispersion water supplement type, avoids the problem of silt sedimentation possibly caused by water supplement at the bottom of a fish gathering canal, is particularly suitable for the construction of a fishway fish gathering system on a sediment-rich river, and can ensure long-term stable operation; the increase of the vertical dimension of the fish gathering system is avoided, the stability of the structure is improved, and the arrangement on a tail water platform of a power station is facilitated; the utility model discloses a moisturizing mode and relevant measure that propose in the design are all comparatively simple, the engineering construction of being convenient for, and general reference nature is high.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to fishway engineering field especially relates to a fishway import fish gathering system side dispersion water charging system arranges device.
Background
The construction of the junction dam brings great benefits to the social and economic development of China, but simultaneously, the separation is formed on the migration of fishes at upstream and downstream of the junction, so that the disruption of the habitat and the change of the habitat are caused. With the continuous and rapid development of national economy in China, the nation pays more attention to ecological protection, follows through a green development concept, protects the water ecological environment, and realizes the harmonious coexistence of people and nature, thereby gaining social common consensus. In the field of 'environment' in which emphasis is placed on development in the outline of the national long-term scientific and technical development planning (2006-2020), recovery and reconstruction of ecosystem functions in an ecological vulnerable region are definitely taken as a priority theme. In order to realize the coordinated development of hydropower development and ecological environment protection and promote the formation of a new pattern of harmonious human and natural development, the migration route for repairing and protecting fishes becomes the urgent need of the water ecology field and the hydraulic engineering construction. The construction of fishway engineering is an important means and measure for solving the problem.
The good hydraulic design of fishway import is the key for the successful operation of the whole fishway, and compared with the width of the whole river channel, the fishway import dimension is very narrow and small, so that the fishway import dimension is worthy of 'needle eye engineering'. For this reason, the efficiency and the range of fish luring are often improved by arranging a fish gathering system in some projects, and more powerful conditions are created for the fish tracing. In order to fully utilize the inducing effect of the power station unit discharge, the fish collecting system is generally arranged near the outlet of a tail canal of the power station unit or on the upper part of a tail water pipe in a long corridor shape, so that target fishes which go up to the bottom of a dam can smoothly enter a fishway to go up through the fish collecting system, and the existing similar projects such as Gangjiang rock tiger pond fishways, Changsha fish ways of Hunan river and the like. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the outflow flow rate of the fish collecting system, a special water supplementing facility (system) is arranged to supplement water to the fish collecting system.
The conventional water replenishing measures of the fish collecting system are usually to increase the height of a fish collecting channel, dig the fish collecting channel deeply, arrange a fish blocking grid at the middle lower part, and uniformly replenish replenishing water flow into the fish collecting channel by means of energy dissipation and upward water pumping by using the space at the lower part of the fish blocking grid, so that the flow speed of the water flow in the fish collecting channel is increased, and the fish collecting and luring efficiency is improved. The water replenishing measure can achieve the expected water replenishing effect, but the following two defects still exist, and need to be improved:
1. the flow velocity of the whole water flow in the fish collecting channel is relatively small, silt is easy to sink to a lower water replenishing and energy dissipating area through grating hole seams at the middle lower part of the fish collecting channel, and the silt is inevitably deposited (the phenomena are particularly serious in a sandy river) after long-term operation, so that the functions of dissipating energy and dispersing water flow are reduced;
2. the water replenishing and energy dissipating area with a certain depth arranged at the bottom of the fish collecting channel can increase the height of the whole fish collecting system building, and if the tail water platform on the upper part of the power station tail water pipe is arranged, the increase of the vertical height brings certain difficulty to the whole arrangement, particularly the structure stability.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
1. Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at solving the problems that the water replenishing flow is uniform and stable, and the water flow condition in the fish gathering channel is not greatly influenced, the sediment accumulation in the fish gathering system is avoided, and the arrangement method of the water replenishing facilities of the fish gathering system is innovated in the prior art, the arrangement device of the side dispersing water replenishing system of the fish gathering system at the fish inlet of the fishway is provided.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the above problems, the utility model adopts the following technical proposal.
The utility model provides a fishway import fish gathering system side dispersion moisturizing system arranges device, includes: the upper reaches are advanced the fish dam and are collected the fish canal, the upper reaches are advanced the fish dam and are established upstream reservoir department, the upper reaches are advanced the inside regular gate of fish of being provided with of fish dam, the upper reaches are advanced the fish dam and are put water department and be provided with the maintenance valve, maintenance valve exit right side is provided with the moisturizing canal, maintenance valve exit middle part is provided with into the fish canal, maintenance valve exit left side is provided with the fish canal, the moisturizing canal right side is provided with moisturizing pipeline, moisturizing pipeline department of intaking is connected with the upper reaches reservoir, moisturizing canal left side is provided with one row of moisturizing hole, the inside fixed mounting in moisturizing hole has rivers energy dissipation measure, it is provided with the main fish inlet of fishway to advance fish canal left side top, it is provided with the supplementary fish inlet of two fishways to advance fish canal left side below.
Preferably, a water replenishing regulating valve is arranged on the water replenishing pipeline.
Preferably, a grating net is arranged on the water replenishing hole and positioned on one side of the fish feeding channel.
Preferably, the elevation and height of the bottom of the water replenishing channel and the height of the fish collecting channel are consistent, and if the water replenishing channel and the fish collecting channel are arranged on a tail water platform of a power station, the water replenishing channel is arranged on the inner side, and the fish collecting channel is arranged on the outer side.
Preferably, if a plurality of fish inlets exist in the fish collecting channel, the corresponding water replenishing channels are arranged in a segmented manner, wherein the segments can be divided into equal parts according to the number of the fish inlets, or can be divided into groups according to the number of the fish inlets, and water is respectively replenished for each segment through the water replenishing pipeline.
3. Has the advantages that:
1. the utility model adopts a side dispersion water supplement type, avoids the silt siltation problem possibly caused by water supplement at the bottom of the fish gathering canal, is particularly suitable for the construction of a fishway fish gathering system on a sediment-rich river, and can ensure the long-term stable operation of the fishway fish gathering system; the increase of the vertical dimension of the fish gathering system is avoided, the stability of the structure is improved, and the arrangement on a tail water platform of a power station is facilitated; the water replenishing mode and related measures provided in the design of the invention are simple, the engineering construction is convenient, and the universal reference is high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of a water replenishing measure at the side of a fish collecting system (two-section water replenishing channel arrangement) of a device for arranging a fish collecting system and a dispersed water replenishing system at the side of a fishway according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic plan view (without a diversion pier) of an arrangement mode in which water replenishing holes of a device for arranging a dispersed water replenishing system beside a fishway fish collecting system gradually decrease or gradually decrease in groups;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a vertical plane of an arrangement mode (without a diversion pier) in which water replenishing holes of a device for arranging a dispersed water replenishing system beside a fishway fish collecting system gradually decrease or gradually decrease in groups;
fig. 4 is a schematic plan top view of a diversion pier of the device for arranging the side dispersion water replenishing system of the fishway fish collecting system provided by the utility model;
fig. 5 is a schematic plan top view of an energy dissipation measure of the side dispersion water charging system arrangement device of the fishway fish collecting system provided by the utility model;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the energy dissipation measure vertical surface of the device for arranging the side dispersion water-replenishing system of the fishway fish-collecting system provided by the utility model;
fig. 7 is a detailed view of arrangement of water replenishing holes and diversion piers in an embodiment of the device for arranging the side dispersion water replenishing system of the fishway fish collecting system provided by the utility model;
fig. 8 is a flow velocity distribution diagram of water along the way in the fish gathering channel in the embodiment of the arrangement device of the side dispersion water replenishing system of the fish gathering system of the fishway.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate:
101 upstream advances the fish dam, 102 fish gathering canal, 103 advances the fish regular valve, 104 overhauls the valve, 105 mends the ditch, 106 mends the water pipeline, 107 mends the water hole, 108 rivers energy dissipation measure, 109 fish way main fish inlet, 110 fish way is assisted fish inlet, 111 is advanced the ditch.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the mechanism or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1:
the utility model provides a fishway import fish gathering system side dispersion moisturizing system arranges device, includes: the upstream fish inlet dam 101 and the fish collecting channel 102 are arranged, the upstream fish inlet dam 101 is arranged at an upstream reservoir, the upstream fish inlet dam 101 is internally provided with a fish inlet regular gate 103, the upstream water outlet of the fish inlet dam 101 is provided with an inspection valve 104, the right side of the outlet of the inspection valve 104 is provided with a water replenishing channel 105, the middle of the outlet of the inspection valve 104 is provided with a fish inlet channel 111, the left side of the outlet of the inspection valve 104 is provided with the fish collecting channel 102, the right side of the water replenishing channel 105 is provided with a water replenishing pipeline 106, the water inlet of the water replenishing pipeline 106 is connected with the upstream reservoir, the left side of the water replenishing channel 105 is provided with a row of water replenishing holes 107, water flow energy dissipation measures 108 are fixedly installed inside the water replenishing holes 107, the upper side of the left side of the fish inlet channel 111.
The water replenishing pipeline 106 is provided with a water replenishing regulating valve.
A grid net is arranged on the water replenishing hole 107 at one side of the fish inlet channel 111.
The elevation and height of the bottom of the water replenishing channel 105 and the height of the fish collecting channel 102 are consistent, and if the water replenishing channel 105 and the fish collecting channel 102 are arranged on the tail water platform of the power station, the water replenishing channel 105 is arranged on the inner side, and the fish collecting channel 102 is arranged on the outer side.
If there are several fish inlets in the fish collecting channel 102, the corresponding water replenishing channels 105 should be arranged in sections, wherein the sections can be divided equally according to the number of the fish inlets, or divided into groups according to the number of the fish inlets, and water is supplied to each section through the water replenishing pipeline 106.
The utility model adopts a side dispersion water supplement type, avoids the silt sedimentation problem possibly caused by the water supplement at the bottom of the fish collecting channel 102, is particularly suitable for the construction of a fishway fish collecting system on a sediment-rich river, and can ensure the long-term stable operation of the fishway fish collecting system; the increase of the vertical dimension of the fish gathering system is avoided, the stability of the structure is improved, and the arrangement on a tail water platform of a power station is facilitated; the water replenishing mode and related measures provided in the design of the invention are simple, the engineering construction is convenient, and the universal reference is high.
Example 2: based on example 1 but with the difference;
a side dispersing water supplementing system arrangement device of a fishway fish gathering system comprises the following steps;
s1, arranging water replenishing channels on the side faces of the fish collecting channels in parallel, wherein the height of the bottom of each water replenishing channel is consistent with that of the fish collecting channel, the height of each water replenishing channel is the same as that of the fish collecting channel, and the width of each water replenishing channel is determined according to energy dissipation and water replenishing requirements;
s2, arranging a water replenishing pipeline from an upstream reservoir, introducing water to a water replenishing channel through a steel pipe, and arranging a water flow energy dissipation measure in the water replenishing channel;
s3, arranging a row of water replenishing holes at the middle lower part of a partition wall between the water replenishing channel and the fish collecting channel, and replenishing water to the fish collecting channel in a side water inlet dispersing mode;
s4, arranging a triangular diversion pier at one side of the water replenishing channel at the water inlet end of the water replenishing hole to adjust and disperse water flow and keep the water flow entering the fish collecting channel from each water replenishing hole uniform and stable;
s5, arranging a grid net at the tail end of the water replenishing hole and on one side of the fish collecting channel to prevent the fishes going up to the water from entering the water replenishing channel by mistake;
s6, a water replenishing regulating valve is additionally arranged on the water replenishing pipeline so that proper water replenishing can be performed under different water level working conditions, and the fish luring requirement is met.
Further, preferably, the elevation and height of the bottom of the replenishing channel and the height of the fish collecting channel in the step S1 are kept consistent, and if the replenishing channel and the fish collecting channel are arranged on the tail water platform of the power station, the replenishing channel is arranged on the inner side, and the fish collecting channel is arranged on the outer side; the width B of the water replenishing channel is determined according to the water replenishing quantity and the actual engineering space, the wider water replenishing channel is convenient for energy dissipation and stable water flow, and the width of the water replenishing channel is generally 1.0m in consideration of the economical efficiency of engineering construction.
Further, preferably, if there are a plurality of fish inlets in the fish collecting channel in S1, the corresponding water replenishing channels should be arranged in segments, wherein the segments may be divided equally according to the number of the fish inlets, or divided into groups according to the number of the fish inlets, and water is replenished to each segment through the water replenishing channels, so as to achieve a better outflow effect.
Further, preferably, the water replenishing holes in the S3 are arranged at the middle lower part of a partition wall between the water replenishing channel and the fish collecting channel, and the hole height h is preferably not more than half of the water depth in the fish collecting channel when the lowest operation water level w is reached, namely:
in the above formula: h is the height of the water replenishing hole, w is the lowest operating water level of the fish collecting system, and h0Is the height of the fish gathering canal bottom.
Further, preferably, the water replenishing holes are arranged at equal intervals, and the interval width is not smaller than 0.3 m; the width of the water replenishing holes is in an arrangement mode of sequentially decreasing in the water flow direction or sequentially decreasing in groups, and the change range of each group of water replenishing holes is kept consistent and is preferably between 0.60 and 0.95; the value of the total area A of the water replenishing holes is preferably larger than 8 times of the water replenishing flow value, namely:
A≥8Qmax
in the above formula: a is the total outflow area of the water replenishing holes, QmaxAnd for the maximum water replenishing flow, for the multi-section water replenishing, calculating by using the total area of the water replenishing holes of the section and the water replenishing outlet flow.
Further, it is preferable that a triangular flow guide pier is provided at a downstream side of each of the replenishing holes in the water flow direction in S4 to guide the water flow to be divergently discharged from the respective branch holes; the height of the diversion pier is consistent with that of the water replenishing channel, the width of the diversion pier is gradually increased along the direction of water replenishing flow, and the minimum overflowing section width in the water replenishing channel at the last diversion pier is not suitable to be less than 0.2 time of the total width of the water replenishing channel, namely
bn≥0.2B
In the above formula: bnThe smallest water channel is filled at the last diversion pierThe section width B is the total width of the water replenishing channel, and the specific width arrangement can be further optimized according to a model test result.
Further, preferably, the grid net in S5 is arranged at the end of the water replenishing hole and on one side of the fish collecting channel to prevent the upstream fishes from entering the water replenishing channel by mistake, the size of the grid hole is set according to the body type of the fish passing object in the main fish passing season, the grid hole is recommended to be not larger than 2cm × 2cm, and the fishes with smaller body types are prevented from entering the water replenishing channel.
Further, preferably, the water flow energy dissipation measures in the S2 are arranged in the water replenishing channel, the water flow energy dissipation measures are not interfered with the fish collecting channel, and the arrangement principle is as follows: the water replenishing channel ensures that the water replenishing flow can fully dissipate energy and the water flow in the water replenishing channel is stable; the invention provides a simple energy dissipation type convenient for engineering construction, and the water supplement quantity is less than 1.5m3The fish gathering system can achieve a good effect, and whether energy dissipation measures need to be set and the type of the energy dissipation measures can be determined by combining experimental research in the specific implementation process.
Example 3: based on examples 1 and 2, but with the difference that:
a fish passing facility of a certain hydro-junction project in China adopts a bionic fishway type, the main fish passing objects are fishes such as the four-big house fishes, the leiocassis longirostris and the like, and the fish passing objects mainly pass the fish season of 4-7 months per year. This fishway import is arranged near the power station tail water, utilizes the power station earial drainage to lure the fish, and the planned fish gathering system that sets up on power station tail water platform to it traces to go up to get into the fishway through many imports fast to trace to fish.
The fishway inlet comprises a main fish inlet and two auxiliary fish inlets of a fish collecting system, and in order to avoid the sedimentation of river sediment in a water replenishing tank after the fish collecting system operates for a long time, the sideward dispersion water replenishing measures provided by the invention are adopted. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the following technical parameters can be determined:
s1, arranging a water replenishing channel: the water replenishing channel and the fish collecting channel are kept consistent in elevation and height and are arranged on the inner side of a tail water platform of the power station, and the fish collecting channel is arranged on the outer side; the estimated water supplement amount of the fishway fish collecting system is 1.0m3About/s, the width is 1.0m in consideration of the economical efficiency of engineering construction.
Because the fish gathering system is provided with two auxiliary fish inlets, the two-section water replenishing channel arrangement scheme shown in the attached drawing 1 can be directly adopted.
S2, arranging water replenishing holes: the fish collecting system considers the downstream water level variation, the total height is 2.5m, and when the downstream lowest water level is reached, the water depth in the fish collecting channel is about 2.0m, so the height of the water replenishing hole is 1.0 m; the water replenishing holes are arranged at equal intervals, and the interval width is 0.5 m; the widths of the water replenishing holes are sequentially decreased in a grouping mode along the water flow direction, as shown in fig. 7, the maximum water replenishing hole width is 1.20m, and the minimum water replenishing hole width is 0.6 m; the total area A of the water replenishing holes is 8.1m2, and the water replenishing flow value is estimated to be 1.0m3/s more than 8 times.
S3, arranging flow guide piers: each section of the fish collecting system is provided with 9 water replenishing holes, according to the specific situation, triangular diversion piers are arranged on the downstream side of the front 6 water replenishing holes along the water flow direction, the height of each diversion pier is consistent with the height of a water replenishing channel and is 2.5m, the width of each diversion pier is gradually increased along the water replenishing flow direction, as shown in fig. 7, the width of the first diversion pier is 25cm, the diversion piers are arranged by gradually increasing 8cm, the width of the last diversion pier is 65cm, the overflowing section in the water replenishing channel is 35cm at the moment, and the total width of the water replenishing channel is larger than 0.2 time.
S4, arranging a fish blocking grating net at the tail end of the water replenishing hole (one side of the fish collecting channel), wherein the size of the grating hole is 1cm × 1cm, and therefore the fishes tracing upward are prevented from entering the water replenishing channel by mistake.
S5, energy dissipation measures are adopted, the water replenishing flow of the fishway in the embodiment is relatively small, only one porous plate wall is arranged in each water replenishing section of the water replenishing channel for water flow energy dissipation, and the porous plate walls are arranged on the downstream side of the water replenishing pipes.
After the design idea of the invention is adopted for arrangement, the water flow state and water flow velocity index inside the fish collecting system are researched through model test and calculation simulation, the actual measurement of the water flow inside the fishway fish collecting system is smooth and straight, the water outflow of the water supplementing section is uniform and stable, and the flow state is good; the two water replenishing sections respectively replenish water by 1.0m3S and 0.6m3When the flow rate is in the second, the overall on-way water flow velocity distribution in the fish gathering channel is shown in fig. 8, and the average outflow velocity index of each water replenishing hole is shown in table 1; the experimental actual measurement shows that the flow velocity of the water flow of the two auxiliary fish inlets of the fishway is about 0.70m/s, and the fishway can be better filled with waterMeets the requirements of attracting fish. In addition, when the downstream water level changes, the water replenishing flow of each section can be controlled through the flow regulating valve, and an ideal water replenishing state is achieved.
TABLE 1 average outflow-flow-velocity index for each of the refill holes
The above, only be the concrete implementation of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art is in the technical scope of the present invention, according to the technical solution of the present invention and the utility model, the concept of which is equivalent to replace or change, should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a fishway import fish gathering system side dispersion moisturizing system arranges device, includes: upstream advances fish dam (101) and fish gathering ditch (102), its characterized in that: the upstream fish inlet dam (101) is arranged at an upstream reservoir, a fish inlet regular gate (103) is arranged in the upstream fish inlet dam (101), a maintenance valve (104) is arranged at the water discharge position of the upstream fish inlet dam (101), a water replenishing channel (105) is arranged on the right side of the outlet of the maintenance valve (104), a fish inlet channel (111) is arranged in the middle of the outlet of the maintenance valve (104), a fish collecting channel (102) is arranged on the left side of the outlet of the maintenance valve (104), a water replenishing pipeline (106) is arranged on the right side of the water replenishing channel (105), the water inlet position of the water replenishing pipeline (106) is connected with an upstream reservoir, a water replenishing hole (107) is arranged at the left side of the water replenishing channel (105), a water flow energy dissipation measure (108) is fixedly arranged in the water replenishing hole (107), a main fishway fishinlet (109) is arranged above the left side of the fishway (111), two fishway auxiliary fish inlet openings (110) are arranged below the left side of the fish inlet channel (111).
2. The arrangement device of the side dispersing water replenishing system of the fishway inlet fish collecting system of claim 1, which is characterized in that: and a water replenishing regulating valve is arranged on the water replenishing pipeline (106).
3. The arrangement device of the side dispersing water replenishing system of the fishway inlet fish collecting system of claim 1, which is characterized in that: a grid net is arranged on one side of the water replenishing hole (107) on the fish inlet channel (111).
4. The arrangement device of the side dispersing water replenishing system of the fishway inlet fish collecting system of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the elevation and the height of the bottom of the water replenishing channel (105) and the height of the fish collecting channel (102) are kept consistent, if the water replenishing channel (105) is arranged on a tail water platform of a power station, the water replenishing channel (105) is arranged on the inner side, and the fish collecting channel (102) is arranged on the outer side.
5. The arrangement device of the side dispersing water replenishing system of the fishway inlet fish collecting system of claim 1, which is characterized in that: if a plurality of fish inlets exist in the fish collecting channel (102), the corresponding water replenishing channels (105) are arranged in sections, wherein the sections can be divided into equal parts according to the number of the fish inlets, or can be divided into groups according to the number of the fish inlets, and water is respectively replenished for each section through the water replenishing pipeline (106).
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110607787A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2019-12-24 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method for arranging side dispersion water replenishing system of fishway inlet fish collecting system |
| CN110607787B (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2024-05-03 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Arrangement method of side dispersed water supplementing system of fish collecting system at fishway inlet |
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2019
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110607787A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2019-12-24 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method for arranging side dispersion water replenishing system of fishway inlet fish collecting system |
| CN110607787B (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2024-05-03 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Arrangement method of side dispersed water supplementing system of fish collecting system at fishway inlet |
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