CN110552335B - Arrangement method of fishway inlet dispersed water replenishing system with bottom stilling pool - Google Patents

Arrangement method of fishway inlet dispersed water replenishing system with bottom stilling pool Download PDF

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CN110552335B
CN110552335B CN201910868802.7A CN201910868802A CN110552335B CN 110552335 B CN110552335 B CN 110552335B CN 201910868802 A CN201910868802 A CN 201910868802A CN 110552335 B CN110552335 B CN 110552335B
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water
water replenishing
fishway
stilling pool
inlet
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CN110552335A (en
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祝龙
宣国祥
李云
黄岳
周冬卉
王晓刚
刘本芹
陈莹颖
金英
胡乔一
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Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute of National Energy Administration Ministry of Transport Ministry of Water Resources
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Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute of National Energy Administration Ministry of Transport Ministry of Water Resources
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
    • E02B8/06—Spillways; Devices for dissipation of energy, e.g. for reducing eddies also for lock or dry-dock gates
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
    • E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
    • E02B8/085—Devices allowing fish migration, e.g. fish traps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for arranging a fishway inlet dispersed water replenishing system with a bottom stilling pool, which comprises the following steps: arranging a water replenishing pipeline from an upstream reservoir, and guiding water to the position near the fishway inlet through a steel pipe; excavating a water replenishing stilling pool at the bottom of the rectangular channel section at the fishway inlet; and the water replenishing pipeline is utilized to drain water to the stilling pool, and water replenishing water flows out from the top after energy dissipation, so that water is replenished to the fishway inlet, and the fish luring requirement is met. The invention has the advantages that: the whole field space is not additionally occupied; the system has the advantages of both traditional centralized water replenishing and decentralized water replenishing, and achieves the effects of increasing the flow velocity of inlet water flow and having little influence on upstream fishes; the water replenishing and power eliminating system is simple in structural arrangement and can be properly adjusted according to specific projects.

Description

Arrangement method of fishway inlet dispersed water replenishing system with bottom stilling pool
Technical Field
The invention provides a fishway inlet dispersed water replenishing system arrangement method with a bottom stilling pool, and belongs to the field of fishway engineering in dam-crossing buildings.
Background
9.8 thousands of reservoir dams exist in China, which bring huge social and economic benefits to human beings, but also form barriers to migration of fishes upstream and downstream of a hub, and cause disruption of habitat and change of fish habitat environment. Along with the development of economy in China, ecological protection is increasingly emphasized by China, and in the field of environment of key development of the outline of the development of long-term science and technology development planning in China (2006-2020), recovery and reconstruction of ecological system functions in ecological vulnerable areas are definitely the subject of priority. In water conservancy construction, attention is paid to a migration route for protecting migratory aquatic organisms, harmony of human and nature is realized, and the method is extremely important for realizing sustainable development of water conservancy. In terms of engineering measures for protecting migratory aquatic organisms, the construction of fishway engineering is an important means and measure for solving the problem.
The fishway is responsible for communicating upstream and downstream fish migration channels of the dam site and guaranteeing the watershed water ecological environment, and besides the condition that the water flow inside the pond chamber meets the requirement of the target fishes for upstream tracing, the hydraulic design of the fishway inlet is of great importance. The fishway inlet can enable fishes to quickly find and smoothly enter the fishway and is the key of fishway success and failure; if the conditions of the inlet water flow are not good, even if the conditions of passing the fish inside the fishway are good, the situation is also true.
Compared with the width of the whole river channel, the fishway inlet dimension is very small and is a genuine 'needle eye engineering', and an important task of the fishway inlet design is to strengthen the fish luring, guiding and collecting effects of the fishway so as to improve the fish feeding capacity. Compared with sound, light and electricity, the fish are more sensitive to water flow perception, so that a good fish way inlet design can generate enough water flow velocity to be perceived by nearby fishes, and then the fishes enter the fish way to move back and trace. However, in practical design, in order to meet the requirement of on-way energy dissipation, fishways are often designed into multistage pool chambers with contraction control sections, which is the principle of the vertically slotted fishways widely adopted in the engineering design in China at present, and the width of the control sections is usually narrow and is only dozens of centimeters. This directly leads to a conflicting, constraining challenge: the larger the width of the fishway inlet is, the easier the fish in the river channel can be found and enter the fishway; the wider the inlet, the smaller the cross-sectional flow velocity is relative to the internal control cross-section of the fishway, and the small self-running flow of the fishway possibly causes the inlet flow velocity of the fishway to be lower than the induction flow velocity of the fishes in the river channel, thus being very unfavorable for attracting the fishes. Some experts have noticed this and proposed some measures for water replenishing of fishway, but there are still the following problems to be solved: 1. in a traditional centralized water supplementing mode, a water supplementing pipe is directly arranged at a fishway inlet, a centralized outflow is formed at a water supplementing pipe outlet, the flow rate of water flow is high, the flow state of water flow near the fishway inlet is often disordered, vortex water flow is generated, the direction sense of fishes is lost, and the fishes are influenced; 2. a fishway on-way dispersion water replenishing system has a relatively complex water replenishing pipe network, and each branch pipe pipeline also needs to be provided with complex equipment such as a valve, a flow monitoring control instrument and the like, so that the operation is complex, the outflow uniformity of each branch pipe is high, and the flow state of outlet water flow is difficult to control; in addition, the water supplement in the fishway pool chamber can increase the flow of the local fishway pool chamber, so that the water flow velocity of the downstream fishway control section of the water supplement area is increased, even the condition of exceeding the standard is avoided, and smooth upward tracing of the fishes is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: under the premise of not influencing the water flow condition in the fishway pool chamber and ensuring that the fishway inlet has a suitable water flow state, the water flow speed at the fishway inlet is improved, and a good fish luring water flow condition is formed.
The invention discloses an arrangement method of a fishway inlet dispersive water-replenishing energy-dissipating system with a stilling pool.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) arranging a water replenishing pipeline from an upstream reservoir, and guiding water to the position near the fishway inlet through a steel pipe;
(2) excavating a water replenishing stilling pool at the bottom of the rectangular channel section at the fishway inlet;
(3) draining to a water replenishing stilling pool by using a water replenishing pipeline, discharging water from the top after energy dissipation, and replenishing water to the fishway inlet;
(4) energy dissipation measures are arranged in the water replenishing and stilling pool, the centralized outflow energy of the steel pipes is reduced, and the on-way outflow quantity is adjusted;
(5) the energy dissipation measures comprise: a longitudinal water outlet branch hole is formed in the middle upper portion of the water replenishing stilling pool, and a water stabilizing layer with a certain thickness is reserved above the water outlet branch hole so that water flow can be uniformly and stably emitted;
(6) the top of the water replenishing and stilling pool is provided with a fish blocking grid, so that upstream fishes are prevented from drilling into the water replenishing and stilling pool;
(7) set up the moisturizing governing valve on foretell moisturizing pipeline to the homoenergetic carries out appropriate amount moisturizing under different water level operating modes, satisfies the demand of luring fish.
The principle and specific control parameters of the technical scheme provided by the invention are as follows:
the principle of the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the fishway water supply flow is concentrated near the fishway inlet, and the water flow velocity of the fishway inlet area is improved as much as possible on the premise of not influencing the water flow state in the fishway pool chamber; by arranging the water replenishing stilling pool, the water flow of the water replenishing pipeline is controlled to uniformly emerge from the top of the water replenishing stilling pool, so that the flow velocity at the outlet of the stilling pool is less than the median of the induction flow velocity of the fishes, the flow state of the disordered water flow is not generated, and the upstream fishes are not interfered; and the flow velocity at the fishway inlet is more than or equal to the median of the fish induction flow velocity, so that the water replenishing effect without interference or attraction is achieved.
The technical scheme provided by the invention comprises the following specific control parameters:
(1) design water supplement amount Qb
Fishway water supplement quantity QbAccording to the flow velocity V of water flow at the inlet of the fishwayjIs adjusted. In the process of engineering operation, the flow velocity V of water flow at the inlet of the fishwayjPreferably not less than the median value V of the induced flow velocity of the main fish passing objectgWhile controlling the median value V of the swimming speed not greater than the critical swimming speed of the main fish passing objectslSo as to achieve the best fish luring effect on the premise of saving the water supplement amount, namely
Vg≤Vj≤Vl (1)
Assuming the rectangular channel width B of the fishway entrancejThe running water depth H at the inlet of the fishwayjInside normal running flow Q of fishwayyThe flow rate of the water flow at the inlet of the fishway is
Vj＝(Qb+Qy)/(Bj×Hj) (2)
Substituting the formula (1), controlling the water supplement quantity of the fishway inlet according to the formula (3):
(Bj×Hj×Vg-Qy)≤Qb≤(Bj×Hj×Vl-Qy) (3)
(2) minimum pipe diameter d of water replenishing pipemin
The reasonable water replenishing pipe diameter is as small as possible on the basis of meeting the water replenishing operation requirement of the fishway inlet, so that the most economic and reasonable investment effect is achieved. According to the invention, the design principle of the minimum pipe diameter of the water replenishing pipe is provided according to the calculation and analysis of the pipeline hydraulics, and the formula (4) is as follows:
Figure GDA0003044670220000031
in the formula: g is the acceleration of gravity, HkIs the reservoir water level of the upstream reservoir (inlet water level of the upstream water conduit), HyFor the downstream fishway entrance operating level, the highest value, Q, is taken at a plurality of operating levelsbSupplementing water flow for fishway, taking maximum water supplement amount when multiple water supplement amounts are needed, dminThe minimum pipe diameter of the water conveying pipeline, l is the length of the water conveying pipeline, and Σ ξ is the estimated value of the local resistance coefficient of the water conveying pipeline.
In actual arrangement, the minimum pipe diameter d is obtained through trial calculation according to the formula (4)minAnd reserving a certain flow allowance for selecting the pipe diameter of the water replenishing pipe.
(3) Water replenishing stilling pool arrangement
The principle of the arrangement of the stilling pool in the water replenishing stilling pool provided by the invention is as follows: the water replenishing flow is ensured to be fully dissipated, the water flow discharged from the top is uniform and stable, the whole surface is formed to be dispersed and discharged, and the flow speed of the water flow discharged is smaller than the median of the induction flow speed of the main fish passing object.
a) The water replenishing stilling pool is arranged at a rectangular channel section at the fishway inlet and is arranged by excavating at the bottom of the channel;
b) the depth of the water replenishing stilling pool is 1.5-2.0 m and is not less than 2 times of the pipe diameter;
c) the width of the water replenishing absorption basin is equal to the width of the inlet channel; the length of the upward-tracing fish passage is arranged along the water flow direction, and the upward-tracing fish passage is properly lengthened in the length direction, so that the slightly-reduced flow velocity distribution from the fishway inlet to the inside is formed at the channel section at the fishway inlet, the physical consumption of the upward-tracing fish is gradually reduced in the advancing process, and the upward-tracing fish entering the fishway can be properly adjusted to have a rest and then continuously trace along the fishway pool chamber;
d) when the fishway is supplemented with water, water is introduced from an upstream reservoir area through a water supplementing steel pipe, and the outlet of the pipeline is connected with the bottom of the water supplementing stilling basin, so that the concentrated water flow with high flow speed in the pipeline can be fully dissipated in the water supplementing stilling basin;
e) and adjusting the arrangement of energy dissipation measures in the water replenishing stilling pool, ensuring that the water flow from the top of the water replenishing stilling pool is uniform and stable, and controlling the flow velocity of the water flow to be below the median of the induction flow velocity of the target fish.
In addition, the invention also provides a fishway inlet water replenishing energy dissipater with a bottom stilling pool,
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the water inlet, the cistern, bottom flat slope, flat slope energy dissipation bank, bottom slope, slope energy dissipation bank, the branch hole of going out water, water inlet low reaches connect one section bottom flat slope, the flat slope end sets up a flat slope energy dissipation bank, slope energy dissipation bank sets up in the slope middle section.
The water replenishing flow enters the reservoir from the water inlet, can be absorbed on the bottom flat slope and the flat slope energy dissipation ridge and then flows to the bottom slope and the slope energy dissipation ridge, and after the whole reservoir is fully stored, the flow flows out upwards from the water outlet branch hole.
The top surface of the water outlet branch hole is positioned 30cm below the designed bottom surface line of the bottom surface of the fishway inlet.
The bottom slope of the bottom slope is 3-10 degrees, and the optimal bottom slope for the four Chinese carps is 4 degrees.
The average flow velocity of the water flow is slightly lower due to the deeper reservoir at the water inlet end, and slightly higher due to the shallower reservoir at the end far away from the water inlet end.
(4) Water outlet surface area A of water replenishing stilling poolmin
The flow velocity of water flow emerging from the water replenishing stilling pool is controlled below the median induction flow velocity of target fishes, the influence of water replenishing flow on the upstream fishes and wandering can be avoided, and the purpose of invisibly replenishing water can be achieved. Therefore, the surface area of the water replenishing absorption basin meets the requirement of the formula (5):
Figure GDA0003044670220000041
in the formula: a. theminThe minimum water outlet area of the water replenishing stilling pool is set, the effective pool width of the water replenishing stilling pool is set as B, the effective pool length of the water replenishing stilling pool is set as L, and Q is set as QbThe water replenishing flow for the fishway is the maximum value V if a plurality of water replenishing amounts existgThe median value of the induced flow velocity of the main fish passing objects of the fishway is obtained.
(5) Fish-blocking grille arrangement
The water replenishing stilling pool top surface is provided with the fish blocking grating above the water replenishing branch holes, the fish blocking grating is made of steel grating, the size of the grating hole is set according to the fish body shape of the fish object in the main fish passing season, if the fish body shape in the river channel is small, the small grating hole is taken, if the fish body shape in the fishway is large, the large grating hole is taken, the grating hole is not larger than 2cm multiplied by 2cm, and the situation that the small fish in the body shape is drilled into the stilling pool is avoided.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the design of the invention fully utilizes the bottom of the channel section of the fishway inlet to arrange the water replenishing stilling pool without additionally occupying the whole field space;
2. the method has the advantages of both traditional centralized water replenishing and decentralized water replenishing, namely, on the premise of not disturbing the water flow condition of the pool chamber in the fishway, decentralized uniform and stable water replenishing water flow is formed in the fishway inlet area, and the water replenishing water flow velocity is smaller than the induction flow velocity of target fishes, so that the effects of increasing the inlet water flow velocity and having little influence on upstream fishes are achieved;
3. the water replenishing and stilling system is relatively simple in structural arrangement and convenient to operate, stilling measures in the stilling pool can be properly adjusted according to specific engineering, and the water replenishing and stilling system is high in universality and reference.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general arrangement of a fishway inlet with a water supplementing and energy dissipating system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the water replenishing stilling pool in a vertical plane;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the water replenishing stilling pool of the present invention;
wherein, 1 moisturizing pipeline, 2 fishways, 3 moisturizing governing valves, 4 moisturizing stilling ponds, 5 access doors, 6 fishway imports, block the fish grid, 8 play water branch holes, 9 water inlets, 10 cistern, 11 bottom flat slopes, 12 flat slope energy dissipation bank, 13 bottom slopes, 14 slope energy dissipation banks.
Detailed Description
The embodiments are provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the invention is described in detail.
Example one
The fish passing facility of a certain hydro-junction engineering in China adopts an engineering fishway type, the bottom of a fishway pool chamber is 3.0m wide, the pool length is 3.6m, the operating water depth of a fish inlet is 1.5-2.3 m, the main fish passing object is 'four major Chinese carps', and the main fish passing season is 4-7 months per year.
Under the condition of no water supplement, the flow velocity of the water flow at the inlet of the fishway is less than 0.2m/s (the induced flow velocity statistic value of four major Chinese carps) when the water level at the downstream runs, the flow velocity is too small, the target fishes are difficult to find the inlet of the fishway, and the fish passing effect is greatly influenced. In order to increase the flow velocity of water flow at the inlet of the fishway and form good conditions for attracting fish, water needs to be supplemented at the inlet, but how to control supplemented water flow does not cause flow state disorder of water flow at the inlet of the fishway and in the pool chamber is a technical difficulty which needs to be overcome.
The fishway inlet dispersive water replenishing system with the stilling pool can effectively solve the problem, and simultaneously, the fishway inlet width at the downstream side of the water replenishing horizontal section is adjusted to be 1.5m in order to reduce the water replenishing flow.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the parameters of the water replenishing system with the (dispersive) stilling pool are determined as follows:
(1) design of water replenishmentQuantity Qb
The maximum water supplement amount of the fishway design corresponds to the maximum operating water depth working condition of the fishway inlet, for the project, the maximum water supplement amount is 2.3m, calculation is carried out according to the formula (3), and the water supplement amount of the fishway design can be obtained to be between 0.16m3/s～1.89m3In the interval of/s, in order to increase the fish passing effect, the maximum water supplement amount is taken, and 1.89m is taken in the project3/s。
(2) Minimum pipe diameter d of water replenishing pipemin
The engineering fishway inlet 6 is arranged near tail water of a power station, water can be led to the fishway inlet 6 from an upstream reservoir through a short water leading steel pipe, and the flow rate of water supplement is regulated and controlled through a flow regulating valve. Estimating the local resistance loss of the pipeline, and leading the water head difference between the upstream and the downstream to be 6.0m and the designed diversion flow to be 1.89m3And/s, the length of the water conduit pipe is 100m, and the minimum pipe diameter of the water replenishing pipe 1 is about 0.7m after trial calculation in the formula (4).
(3) Concrete dimension of water replenishing stilling pool
The water replenishing stilling pool 4 is 2.0m in maximum depth and 3.0m in width, and is excavated at the bottom of the fishway inlet section along the water flow direction.
Calculating the surface area of the stilling pool 4 according to the formula (5), obtaining A which is not less than 13.5-22.5 m, properly lengthening the stilling pool 4 in the length direction according to the principle of creating better upstream water flow conditions of fishes, and reserving sufficient energy dissipation space for increasing the water supplement amount in future, wherein the effective length of the stilling pool 4 in the fishway engineering is 10.0m, and the surface area is 30m2And the requirements are met.
(4) Fish-blocking grille arrangement
The main fish passing objects of the fishway are four Chinese carps with relatively large body types, but the river channel where the fishway is located has more fishes with smaller body types, so that the dimension of the fish blocking grating at the top of the stilling pool is determined to be 1cm multiplied by 1cm through comprehensive analysis, and the upstream fishes are effectively prevented from drilling into the stilling pool.
(5) Stilling pool stilling facility arrangement
According to the design requirements of the invention, the stilling measures are arranged in the stilling pool, and the middle upper part of the stilling pool 4 is provided with a water outlet branch hole 8 and a water stabilizing layer with a certain thickness. The whole stilling pool is arranged as shown in figures 2 and 3, wherein the width of the water outlet branch hole 8 is 5cm, a water stabilizing layer of 30cm is reserved between the water outlet hole plate 8 and the fish blocking grid, and the bottom slope angle of the bottom of the stilling pool 4 is 4 degrees.
After the design idea of the invention is adopted for arrangement, the hydraulic characteristics near the fishway inlet are carefully researched through a physical model test, and the test actually measures that the water flow at the water replenishing section of the fishway inlet is uniform and stable, the water flow is smooth and straight and the flow state is good; the water supplement at the inlet section has no adverse effect on the water flow condition in the fishway pond chamber; moisturizing 1.89m3After the time/second, the flow rate indexes of the water flow at the inlet section of the fishway are shown in the table 1, and the requirement of attracting fish can be better met. In addition, when the working condition of a lower water level is carried out, the water replenishing flow can be controlled through the flow regulating valve, and an ideal water replenishing state is achieved.
In particular to a fishway inlet water replenishing energy dissipater with a bottom stilling pool,
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the water inlet 9, the cistern 10, bottom flat slope 11, flat slope energy dissipation bank 12, bottom slope 13, slope energy dissipation bank 14, the branch hole 8 of going out water, water inlet 9 low reaches connect one section bottom flat slope 11, flat slope 11 end sets up a flat slope energy dissipation bank 12, slope energy dissipation bank 14 sets up in 13 middle sections on the slope.
The height of the flat slope energy dissipation ridge 12 is half of the height of the water inlet 9.
The top elevation of the slope energy dissipation ridge 14 is consistent with that of the water inlet 9.
The water replenishing flow enters the reservoir 10 from the water inlet 9, can be absorbed on the bottom flat slope 11 and the flat slope energy dissipation bank 12 and then flows to the bottom slope 13 and the slope energy dissipation bank 14, and after the whole reservoir 10 is fully stored, the water flows upwards out of the water outlet branch holes 8.
The top surface of the water outlet branch hole 8 is positioned 30cm below the designed bottom surface line of the bottom surface of the fishway inlet 6.
The bottom slope of the bottom slope 13 is 3-10 degrees, and the optimal bottom slope for the four Chinese carps is 4 degrees.
The average flow rate is slightly lower due to the deeper reservoir 10 at the inlet end and slightly higher due to the shallower reservoir at the outlet end.
TABLE 1 moisturizing 1.89m3Water flow velocity at fishway inlet per second(s) < CHEM >Sign board
Figure GDA0003044670220000071
In the prototype fish experiment, a fishway inlet dispersive water replenishing system arrangement method with a stilling pool at the bottom is used for arrangement engineering, and the fish luring quantity at the fish inlet exceeds 30% of that of a common two-side water replenishing scheme.

Claims (2)

1. A method for arranging a fishway inlet dispersing and water supplementing system with a bottom stilling pool is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) arranging a water replenishing pipeline from an upstream reservoir, and guiding water to the position near the fishway inlet through a steel pipe;
(2) excavating a water replenishing stilling pool at the bottom of the rectangular channel section at the fishway inlet;
(3) the designed water replenishing amount is drained to a water replenishing stilling pool by utilizing a water replenishing pipeline, and the water replenishing water flows out from the top after energy dissipation to replenish water at the fishway inlet;
(4) energy dissipation measures are arranged in the water replenishing and stilling pool, the centralized outflow energy of the steel pipes is reduced, and the on-way outflow quantity is adjusted;
(5) the energy dissipation measures comprise: a longitudinal water outlet branch hole is formed in the middle upper portion of the water replenishing stilling pool, and a water stabilizing layer with a certain thickness is reserved above the water outlet branch hole so that water flow can be uniformly and stably emitted;
(6) the top of the water replenishing and stilling pool is provided with a fish blocking grid, so that upstream fishes are prevented from drilling into the water replenishing and stilling pool;
(7) the water replenishing pipeline is provided with a water replenishing regulating valve so that proper water replenishing can be carried out under different water level working conditions, and the fish luring requirement is met;
the designed water supplement amount calculation formula is as follows:
assuming the rectangular channel width B of the fishway entrancejThe running water depth H at the inlet of the fishwayjInside normal running flow Q of fishwayyFishway water replenishing flow QbWhen there are more water supplements, the maximum water supplement is selected, VlIs the median critical swimming speed, V, of the main fish passing objectsgMainly pass through the fishThe median of the induced flow velocity of the object, the flow velocity of the water flow at the inlet of the fishway is as follows:
Vj＝(Qb+Qy)/(Bj×Hj)
(Bj×Hj×Vg-Qy)≤Qb≤(Bj×Hj×Vl-Qy)；
the minimum pipe diameter d of the water replenishing pipelineminThe calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003067296670000011
in the formula: g is the acceleration of gravity, HkIs the reservoir level of the upstream reservoir, i.e. the upstream inlet level of the water conduit, HyFor the downstream fishway entrance operating level, taking the highest value for a plurality of operating levels, dminThe minimum pipe diameter of the water conveying pipeline, l is the length of the water conveying pipeline, and Σ ξ is the estimated value of the local resistance coefficient of the water conveying pipeline;
the water replenishing stilling pool is arranged according to the following principle:
a) the water replenishing stilling pool is arranged at a rectangular channel section at the fishway inlet, and the stilling pool is excavated at the bottom of the channel for arrangement;
b) the depth of the stilling pool is 1.5-2.0 m and is not less than 2 times of the pipe diameter;
c) the width of the stilling pool is equal to the width of the inlet channel; the length is arranged along the water flow direction;
d) leading water from an upstream reservoir area through a water supplementing steel pipe, and connecting a pipeline outlet with the bottom of a water supplementing stilling pool to ensure that large-flow-speed concentrated water flow in a pipeline can fully dissipate energy in the stilling pool;
e) the water flow from the top of the stilling pool is uniform and stable, and the flow rate of the water flow is controlled below the median of the induction flow rate of the target fish;
the surface area A of the water replenishing stilling poolminCalculating formula:
Figure FDA0003067296670000021
in the formula: b is the effective pool width of the water replenishing stilling pool, and L is the effective pool length of the water replenishing stilling pool; the fish blocking grating is arranged in the following way:
the water replenishing stilling pool is characterized in that a fish blocking grid is arranged on the surface of the water replenishing stilling pool, the fish blocking grid is made of steel, and the size of grid holes is set according to the body shape of fish passing objects in main fish passing seasons so as to block the smallest fish passing objects.
2. The method for arranging the fishway inlet decentralized water charging system with the bottom stilling basin as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the water replenishing energy dissipater in the water replenishing stilling pool adopts the following arrangement:
the water replenishing energy dissipater comprises: the water outlet branch hole is connected with a section of bottom flat slope at the lower part of the water inlet, the tail end of the flat slope is provided with a flat slope energy dissipation bank, and the slope energy dissipation bank is arranged at the middle section of the slope; the bottom slope of the bottom slope is 3-10 degrees, and the optimal bottom slope for the four Chinese carps is 4 degrees;
the water replenishing flow enters the reservoir from the water inlet, can be absorbed on the bottom flat slope and the flat slope energy dissipation ridge and then flows to the bottom slope and the slope energy dissipation ridge, and after the whole reservoir is fully stored, the flow flows out upwards from the water outlet branch hole.
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CN111705763A (en) * 2020-07-20 2020-09-25 中国电建集团北京勘测设计研究院有限公司 Multi-point accurate water supplementing system for fish elevator
CN112195881A (en) * 2020-09-07 2021-01-08 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 Flow control pond and fishway of control fishway depth of water
CN113774867B (en) * 2021-08-18 2023-05-05 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 Fishway pool chamber water supplementing system under high water head and large drop effect
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CN108708356A (en) * 2018-07-05 2018-10-26 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 A kind of hole side water-permeable fishway import water charging system setting water blocking pier
CN109403285B (en) * 2018-11-09 2024-03-15 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 High dam fish passing facility inlet suction flow system
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