CN207159959U - A kind of iris type cobblestone fish pass - Google Patents
A kind of iris type cobblestone fish pass Download PDFInfo
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- CN207159959U CN207159959U CN201720452356.8U CN201720452356U CN207159959U CN 207159959 U CN207159959 U CN 207159959U CN 201720452356 U CN201720452356 U CN 201720452356U CN 207159959 U CN207159959 U CN 207159959U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones
Abstract
It the utility model is related to a kind of iris type cobblestone fish pass, including bottom plate, the plate upper surface sets multigroup dividing plate, baffle interval described in every group is set, the gap passed through for fish is provided between two neighboring dividing plate, length direction of multigroup dividing plate along bottom plate is arranged, the cobblestone of multiple uneven distributions is additionally provided with the bottom plate.The utility model is uneven between dividing plate to be provided with multiple cobblestones, and the cobblestone can reach imitative natural purpose.It is staggered between adjacent two dividing plate of the utility model, forms zigzag passage, is reached the flow velocity of control current and the requirement of fluidised form, it is preferable to cross fish effect.Original bottom board replacing in gradient setting into step, is preferably controlled the flow velocity of current, enables passing through for fish safety by the utility model.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to dam and crosses fish passage field, and in particular to a kind of iris type cobblestone fish pass.
Background technology
Fish pass is to be located in rivers fixed buildings (such as dam) to enable migratory aquatic organism adverse current or downstream through
Passage.Fish pass is divided into primary stance fish pass, slot type fish pass, special construction pattern fish pass, pond cell-type fish by its structural shape at present
Road (also known as iris type fish pass).Primary stance fish pass relies primarily on very close to the situation of natural river course and extends flow path and increasing
Add roughness to carry out energy dissipating, be particularly suitable for low weir or the relatively low hinge of head uses；Slot type fish pass is mainly by cell wall and bottom land cloth
Put very close all kinds of baffle-wall and the whetstone banks of spacing, dissipation energy, lower flow velocity, its advantage is that size is small, and the gradient is steep, cross fish speed compared with
It hurry up, but the type fish pass flow turbulence is violent, and it is little to be applicable head difference；Special construction pattern fish pass has unique structural type
Formula, is generally only that those can be creeped, can adhere to, the aquatic organism (such as elver, young crab) of being good at passing through thick grass gap is traced back and set；
Pond cell-type fish pass is suitable for the stream that fish are traced back using dividing plate water cushion, opposite jet flow, diffusion and friction drag come energy dissipating, creation
State, its advantage is that flow condition is easily controlled, simple in construction, easy to maintenance, adapts to of a relatively high head, therefore is current
Domestic and international most commonly used fish pass pattern.
But never there is the iris type fish pass of access expansion in the country at present.
Utility model content
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the utility model provides a kind of iris type cobblestone fish
Road.The technical problems to be solved in the utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of iris type cobblestone fish pass, including bottom plate, the plate upper surface set multigroup dividing plate, dividing plate described in every group
It is arranged at intervals, the gap passed through for fish, length direction of multigroup dividing plate along bottom plate is provided between two neighboring dividing plate
Arrange, the cobblestone of multiple uneven distributions is additionally provided with the bottom plate.
A kind of above-mentioned iris type cobblestone fish pass, dividing plate described in every group include left side dividing plate and with the left side partition room
Every the right side partition of arrangement, the side wall of the left side dividing plate is concordant with the left side wall of the bottom plate, the side wall of the right side partition
It is concordant with the right side wall of the bottom plate.
A kind of above-mentioned iris type cobblestone fish pass, the bottom plate is arranged in step, for preventing that current are too fast.
A kind of above-mentioned iris type cobblestone fish pass, the Z-shaped passage passed through for fish is formed between the dividing plate.
A kind of above-mentioned iris type cobblestone fish pass, the dividing plate is provided with multiple permeable holes or permeable seam, described permeable
Hole or permeable seam can be permeable, but can not pass through for fish.
The beneficial effects of the utility model：
The utility model is uneven between dividing plate to be provided with multiple cobblestones, and the cobblestone can reach imitative natural mesh
's.It is staggered between adjacent two dividing plate of the utility model, forms zigzag passage, reaches the flow velocity and fluidised form of control current
It is required that it is preferable to cross fish effect.
Original bottom board replacing set in the gradient into step, is preferably controlled the stream of current by the utility model
Speed, enable passing through for fish safety.
The utility model is described in further details below with reference to drawings and Examples.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present utility model.
In figure：1st, bottom plate；2. baffle plate；3. cobblestone.
Embodiment
For the technological means and effect that the utility model is reached predetermined purpose and taken is expanded on further, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing
And embodiment describes in detail as follows to specific embodiment of the present utility model, architectural feature and its effect.
Reference picture 1, present embodiment discloses a kind of iris type cobblestone fish pass, including bottom plate, plate upper surface sets more
Group dividing plate, every group of baffle interval are set, and are provided with the gap passed through for fish between two neighboring dividing plate, and multigroup dividing plate is along bottom plate
Length direction arrangement, the cobblestones of multiple uneven distributions is additionally provided with bottom plate.The present embodiment is uneven between dividing plate to be set
Multiple cobblestones are equipped with, the cobblestone can reach imitative natural purpose.
Preferably, in the present embodiment every group of dividing plate include left side dividing plate and with the right side of left side baffle interval arrangement every
Plate, the side wall of left side dividing plate is concordant with the left side wall of bottom plate, and the side wall of right side partition is concordant with the right side wall of bottom plate.And dividing plate it
Between form the Z-shaped passage passed through for fish.It is staggered between adjacent two dividing plate of the present embodiment, forms zigzag passage, reach
To the flow velocity of control current and the requirement of fluidised form, it is preferable to cross fish effect.
Original bottom board replacing set in the gradient into step, is preferably controlled the flow velocity of current by the present embodiment,
Enable fish safety by, bottom plate in step arrangement, for preventing that current are too fast.
In order to provide good environment to fish, the dividing plate of the present embodiment is provided with multiple permeable holes or permeable seam, permeable
Hole or permeable seam can be permeable, but can not pass through for fish.
The present embodiment gives a kind of computational methods of gate dam building fish pass, this method includes：
1) fish swimming capacity experiment is carried out, determines critical trip speed, the depth of water of fish；
2) analyzed according to elevation computation, it is determined that critical trip speed, the fish pass arrangement of the depth of water and shape parameter, stream in meeting 1)
Scope is measured, the preferably flow control section of fish pass is located at the line of dividing plate；
Wherein, the calculation formula of fish pass flow is in step 2)：
In formula, Δ h1、Δh2Adjacent fishpond is represented respectively along journey, local head loss, C is to thank to ability coefficient,It is perpendicular for one
Office's damage coefficient of seam, A is discharge area, and R is hydraulic radius, and v is mean flow rate；
3) size of fish pass import and export is controlled, the water flow of fish pass import and export is met the needs that fish swim across；
4) fishway exit is away from sluicing, intake structure, and the fish for preventing from entering reservoir takes back downstream by current, preferably
Outlet structure escape works include spillway, factory building water inlet.
The present embodiment demonstrates dividing plate perps by analyzing the outlet structure escape works Hydraulic Design Method difference such as fish pass and sluice
The reasonability of formula fish pass flow rate calculation formula, analyze dividing plate vertical seam type, the hydraulic characteristic(s) of Denier formula fish pass, it is believed that various shapes
The fish pass of formula is designed from the different angle of energy equation, is taken different measure, is changed its boundary parameter, is reached and is adapted to fish
For the purpose of class feature, saving quantities, as vertical seam type, Denier formula fish pass pass through the form that plane sets dividing plate, downflow weir formula
With down-the-hole type then by the vertical lifting water surface, the method for forming weir flow, increase local head loss in very short distance, and
The general roughness of imitative nature passage is larger, and linear loss is larger, is aided with the narrow measure of local beam, reaches economic, applicable purpose.
Specific derivation process of the present utility model given below, checking conclusion：
As general outlet structure escape works, fish pass the Hydraulic Design purpose is the arrangement and size for determining fish pass.And
The purpose that fish pass is built is to adapt to fish characteristic, so to embody the theory of " using fish as this " as far as possible, by comparative analysis, removed
Above-mentioned purpose of design is different outer, and the building the Hydraulic Design difference such as fish pass and sluice can show the following aspects：
(1) thinking of water force is different
The thinking of the outlet structure escape works the Hydraulic Designs such as general sluice is to make security against flood at different levels with most rational aerial drainage scale
Under let out, therefore, its basic data be generally check, design and other frequencies crest discharge, calculating achievement building size,
Water surface curve, velocity flow profile, it is the process of flow-flow velocity.And fish pass is then different, fish swimming capacity experiment should be carried out first, point
Analyse the parameters such as the critical flow velocities of fish, the depth of water, further analyzed according to elevation computation, it is determined that meet these parameters arrangement and
Shape parameter and range of flow.
(2) control section position is different
To adapt to fish characteristic needs, fish pass full section coutroi velocity, the depth of water are smaller, and it is imported and exported section size and is more than excessively stream
Flow needs, and for Denier formula, vertical seam type, downflow weir formula and down-the-hole type, its flow control section is respectively positioned on each dividing plate line
Place.And general outlet structure escape works control section is in import and export position.
(3) principle for importing and exporting selection is different
The down going channel of fish generally can along spillway, factory building by, therefore domestic fish pass design it is common be up fish pass,
Laid eggs for fish to upstream, offer facility is provided, fish pass import, outlet mutually should be water export, import.
It need to consider incoming with general outlet structure escape works, go out difference, the fish pass such as stream condition, topographic and geologic conditionality be larger and enter
Mouth selection embodies " using fish as this " as far as possible, because flow, flow velocity are small, by landform, less, the major consideration of geological conditions restriction
Including：Current sensing, trace back forefront principle, water flow stationary principle etc..Outlet is then general to be considered to intake away from spillway, factory building
Mouthful etc. sluicing, intake structure, take back downstream by current to prevent entering the fish of reservoir, flow direction will clearly, without whirlpool, so as to fish
Class can smoothly be traced back along current and shoreline.
The understanding of 2 dividing plate vertical seam types, Denier formula fish pass flow rate calculation formula
(1) dividing plate vertical seam type
《Hydroelectric project fish pass structure design specification》In, it is proposed that the formula of vertical seam type fish channel flow rate calculation, the formula are pressed
Calculated according to the conveyance capacity of a perps, the author attempts to establish the energy equation of section above and below single pond room, to the formula
Analysis discussion is carried out, then is had：
Δ h in formula1、Δh2Adjacent fishpond is represented respectively along journey, local head loss, C is to thank to ability coefficient,It is perpendicular for one
Office's damage coefficient of seam, A, R, v are respectively discharge area, hydraulic radius, mean flow rate.
In the case of following table lists different flow, the depth of water, slit width, flow velocity 1.2m/s, roughness 0.02, the long 3m in pond room,
Office's damage coefficient is lost when taking 0.8 along journey, part, gross head, and the ratio of gross head loss is accounted for along journey.
Different flow, the depth of water, bottom width vertical seam type fish channel calculation of head losses table
| Q | H | n | B | △h1 | △h2 | Dh | △h1/Dh |
| m3/s | m | m | m | m | m | % | |
| 0.5 | 1 | 0.02 | 0.42 | 0.00011 | 0.02 | 0.015 | 0.69 |
| 0.5 | 1.25 | 0.02 | 0.33 | 0.00009 | 0.02 | 0.015 | 0.62 |
| 0.5 | 1.5 | 0.02 | 0.28 | 0.00009 | 0.02 | 0.015 | 0.55 |
| 1 | 1.5 | 0.02 | 0.56 | 0.00013 | 0.02 | 0.015 | 0.87 |
| 1 | 1.75 | 0.02 | 0.48 | 0.00012 | 0.02 | 0.015 | 0.80 |
| 1 | 2 | 0.02 | 0.42 | 0.00011 | 0.02 | 0.015 | 0.74 |
| 1.5 | 2 | 0.02 | 0.63 | 0.00015 | 0.02 | 0.015 | 0.97 |
| 1.5 | 2.25 | 0.02 | 0.56 | 0.00014 | 0.02 | 0.015 | 0.91 |
| 1.5 | 2.5 | 0.02 | 0.50 | 0.00013 | 0.02 | 0.015 | 0.85 |
As can be seen that frictional head loss only accounts for gross head less than 1%, can ignore substantially.By to other flow velocitys, list
Individual pond room length, roughness change find that frictional head loss has 1% or so after being calculated：
This formula is consistent with modular formula, it can be seen that the shadow of frictional head loss is not accounted in specification recommended formula
Ring, the method calculated according to a perps conveyance capacity is rational.
This formula is investigated from another angle, it is found that if being not provided with dividing plate, without local head loss, entirely
Portion adapts to head difference according to linear loss, and because water levels of upstream and downstream difference is fixed, then the fish pass length needed will be into hundred multiplications
Add.
(2) Denier formula fish pass
It is assumed that Denier formula fish pass triangle angle is right angle, and when the depth of water is not less than gable top, due to above-mentioned public affairs
Formula equally adapts to, in the case of according to the form below lists different flow, the depth of water, slit width, flow velocity 0.8m/s, 1m/s, 1.2m/s, roughness
Lost during 3m long for 0.02, pond room along journey, part, gross head, and the ratio of gross head loss is accounted for along journey.
Different flow, the depth of water, bottom width Denier formula fish pass calculation of head losses table
| Q | Flow velocity | H | n | △h1 | △h2 | Dh | △h1/Dh |
| m3/s | m/s | m | m | m | m | % | |
| 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.79 | 0.02 | 0.00010 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.99 |
| 0.5 | 1 | 0.71 | 0.02 | 0.00014 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.92 |
| 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.65 | 0.02 | 0.00019 | 0.022 | 0.022 | 0.86 |
| 1 | 0.8 | 1.12 | 0.02 | 0.00013 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 1.29 |
| 1 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.02 | 0.00018 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 1.18 |
| 1 | 1.2 | 0.91 | 0.02 | 0.00025 | 0.022 | 0.022 | 1.11 |
| 1.5 | 0.8 | 1.37 | 0.02 | 0.00015 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 1.49 |
| 1.5 | 1 | 1.22 | 0.02 | 0.00021 | 0.015 | 0.016 | 1.38 |
| 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.12 | 0.02 | 0.00029 | 0.022 | 0.022 | 1.29 |
As can be seen that frictional head loss accounts for gross head 1% or so, can ignore substantially.Above formula is equally applicable.
The difference of Denier formula is, using triangular section hydraulic radius it is small compared with rectangular cross section the characteristics of, without setting
Perps, fish pass water surface width is significantly increased, therefore, preferably adapted to the fish characteristic of hobby migration near the water surface.
Above content is to combine specific preferred embodiment further detailed description of the utility model, it is impossible to
Assert that specific implementation of the present utility model is confined to these explanations.For the ordinary skill of the utility model art
For personnel, without departing from the concept of the premise utility, some simple deduction or replace can also be made, should all be regarded
To belong to the scope of protection of the utility model.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of iris type cobblestone fish pass, including bottom plate, it is characterised in that the plate upper surface sets multigroup dividing plate, often
The group baffle interval is set, and is provided with the gap passed through for fish between two neighboring dividing plate, and multigroup dividing plate is along bottom plate
Length direction arrangement, the cobblestones of multiple uneven distributions is additionally provided with the bottom plate；
The bottom plate is arranged in step, for preventing that current are too fast.
A kind of 2. iris type cobblestone fish pass as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that dividing plate described in every group include left side every
Plate and the right side partition with left side baffle interval arrangement, the side wall and the left side wall of the bottom plate of the left side dividing plate are put down
Together, the side wall of the right side partition is concordant with the right side wall of the bottom plate.
3. a kind of iris type cobblestone fish pass as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that formed and supplied between the dividing plate
The Z-shaped passage that fish passes through.
4. a kind of iris type cobblestone fish pass as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the dividing plate is provided with multiple permeable
Hole or permeable seam, the permeable hole or permeable seam can be permeable, but can not pass through for fish.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107044113A (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-08-15 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of computational methods of iris type cobblestone fish pass and fish pass |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107044113A (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-08-15 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of computational methods of iris type cobblestone fish pass and fish pass |
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