CN111254890A - Arrangement mode and arrangement structure of fishway inlet - Google Patents

Arrangement mode and arrangement structure of fishway inlet Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111254890A
CN111254890A CN202010203821.0A CN202010203821A CN111254890A CN 111254890 A CN111254890 A CN 111254890A CN 202010203821 A CN202010203821 A CN 202010203821A CN 111254890 A CN111254890 A CN 111254890A
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China
Prior art keywords
fishway
water
fishway inlet
wall
inlet
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Pending
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CN202010203821.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李君涛
王曦
乾东岳
冯小香
刘哲
张明进
章日红
彭伟
闫涛
王斐
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Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering MOT
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Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering MOT
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Priority to CN202010203821.0A priority Critical patent/CN111254890A/en
Publication of CN111254890A publication Critical patent/CN111254890A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02BHYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B8/00Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
    • E02B8/08Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/60Ecological corridors or buffer zones

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fish passing buildings, and particularly discloses a fishway inlet arrangement mode, a structure and a fishway relating to the structure, wherein the fishway inlet is formed by outwards extending a fish passing structure per se, the fishway inlet obliquely extends out of a river bank and obliquely extends into power station tail water, the power station tail water is subjected to flow picking by utilizing the fishway inlet extending out of the river bank, the shielding effect on the fishway inlet is realized, and a suitable migration zone is built at the downstream of the fishway inlet. The invention can ensure that the proper migration zone and the proper inlet suction flow exist at the fishway inlet without constructing other fish luring facilities, such as a fish blocking jet pipe, a fish luring jet pipe and the like, thereby reducing the construction procedures and correspondingly reducing the construction cost.

Description

Arrangement mode and arrangement structure of fishway inlet
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fish passing buildings, in particular to a fishway inlet arrangement mode, an arrangement structure formed in the arrangement mode and a fishway using the structure.
Background
Hydraulic engineering such as gate dams built on rivers bring huge economic and social benefits to human beings, and simultaneously destroy the original connectivity of the rivers, block fish migration channels, and have adverse effects on fish resources, river biodiversity and ecological systems. The fishway is a fish passing building arranged at hydraulic engineering or natural barriers such as gate dams and the like for communicating fish migration channels. The fishway mainly comprises a fishway inlet, a fishway groove body and a fishway outlet, wherein the arrangement of the fishway inlet is a very key part in the design of the fishway, how to enable the migratory fishes to smoothly find the fishway inlet in a riverway which is hundreds of meters wide or even thousands of meters wide is a prerequisite guarantee that the fishway can exert the fish passing efficiency. The arrangement of the fishway inlet requires hydraulic characteristics such as flow speed, flow state and the like at the inlet, not only meets the requirement of fish migration, but also needs a proper migration zone with a certain width near the inlet so as to ensure that the migratory fish from the downstream can smoothly reach the fishway inlet.
To solve the above problems, the invention of patent CN104088261B has been granted to propose a method and system for attracting fish by jet, specifically disclosing "a fishway arranged along the bank and having a certain angle with the bank, usually the angle between the fishway and the bank should be less than 40 degrees, i.e. a fishway inlet inclined at an angle of 40 degrees with the bank". In order to ensure that the proper migration zone and the proper suction and drainage of the inlet exist at the inlet under the arrangement, a fish blocking jet pipe and a fish luring jet pipe need to be additionally arranged, the construction is complex, and the operation is complex in the later fishway operation process.
In addition, an invention patent CN106192935B granted already presents a method and a system for adjusting a river channel flow field at a fishway inlet, wherein it is specifically disclosed that "the flow field adjustment facility is a diversion wall, and a longitudinal axis of the diversion wall forms a certain angle with a river channel flow direction".
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fishway inlet arrangement mode, which utilizes a fishway inlet extending out of a river bank to carry out flow picking on power station tail water, realizes the shielding effect on the fishway inlet, and further builds a proper migration zone at the downstream of the fishway inlet;
the second purpose of the invention is to provide a fishway inlet arrangement structure, which reduces construction procedures, facilitates construction and further reduces cost;
the third purpose of the invention is to provide a fishway, which increases the fish passing efficiency of the fishway and facilitates the operation of the fishway.
In order to achieve the first object, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a fishway import arrangement mode, arrangement mode is outwards extended by the fish structure of crossing of self and is formed the fishway import, the fishway import slant stretches out river coastal to the slant stretches into the power station tail water, utilizes the fishway import that stretches out the riverside to carry out the slip stream to the power station tail water, realizes the shield effect to the fishway import, and then builds a suitable migration and migration zone in the low reaches of fishway import. And the water is supplemented by combining with the fishway inlet, so that a suitable migration zone with better attraction characteristic is generated, and the fishes can conveniently gather and enter the fishway.
In order to achieve the second object, the invention provides the following technical solutions:
a fishway inlet arrangement structure is formed by the fishway inlet arrangement mode. Further, the arrangement structure comprises shielding walls formed by extending outwards wing walls on two sides of the fishway groove body. The shield wall and the fishway groove body are integrally arranged, so that the construction is convenient; meanwhile, the shield wall is equivalent to a diversion wall in the prior art, the diversion wall is arranged in such a way, and the diversion wall is independently arranged at the upstream position of the fishway inlet and can be completed by a plurality of working procedures. The revetment of this scheme just can add when carrying out fishway groove body construction and construct, compares prior art, and the construction process reduces, and construction has made things convenient for.
Further, the shield wall is described in more detail, the shield wall comprises a water-facing wall and a water-backing wall, a flow passage is formed between the water-facing wall and the water-backing wall, and the flow passage is a passage for migration of the migratory fishes; it should be noted that the fishway inlet includes a water-facing wall, a water-backing wall, and a flow passage formed between the water-facing wall and the water-backing wall.
Furthermore, the water flow direction in the runner and the water flow direction of the tail water of the power station form a certain included angle α, the included angle is 0 & lt α & lt 90 degrees, the included angle α is arranged in the technical scheme, so that the migratory fishes can conveniently distinguish the suction flow flowing out of the runner and the water flow of the tail water of the power station, a suitable migration zone can be found out more quickly, the preferred included angle α is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to α degrees, and selection is carried out in a preferred angle interval in order to achieve a better identification effect.
Further, the length L of the fishway inlet extending out of the river bank 4 does not exceed the width of the water outlet of the generator set close to the bank side as much as possible, so that the influence of blocking water on the tail water of the power station is avoided.
Furthermore, the starting end of the water-facing wall is arranged close to a power station factory building, so that a better fish attracting effect can be achieved.
Furthermore, an included angle β is preferably formed between the plane of the water-facing wall and the plane of the backwater wall, and the included angle is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than β and less than 90 degrees.
In order to achieve the third object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention also provides a fishway, which comprises the fishway inlet arrangement structure. The fish passing efficiency of the fishway is increased, and the fishway is convenient to operate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the fishway inlet arrangement mode provided by the invention has the advantages that the fishway inlet is formed by outwards extending the self fish passing structure, other fish luring facilities, such as a fish blocking jet pipe, a fish luring jet pipe and the like, do not need to be built, and the appropriate migration zone and inlet suction flow at the fishway inlet can be ensured, so that the construction procedures are reduced, the construction cost is correspondingly reduced, and meanwhile, the maintenance operation after the construction of the fishway inlet is finished is facilitated.
2) The invention utilizes the fishway inlet extending out of the river bank to carry out flow sorting on the tail water of the power station, realizes the shielding effect on the fishway inlet, and further creates a suitable migration zone which is larger, wider and relatively smaller in flow speed and can meet the condition of fish migration water flow at the downstream of the fishway inlet.
3) The invention utilizes the protective wall to change the flow direction of the power station tail water flowing out of the power station factory building, the tail water flows close to the center of a river and is far away from the position of the fishway inlet, so that the relative flow velocity of the water flow at the fishway inlet is reduced, and then the water supplementing system supplements water by taking the condition of meeting the fish migration water flow as a standard to form the suction flow at the fishway inlet. The suction and drainage at the fishway inlet can be easily distinguished from the tail water of the power station, and the migratory fishes can find the fishway inlet more easily.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the fishway entrance arrangement of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view taken at A in FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a labeled schematic view of the fishway inlet arrangement of the invention.
In the figure: the wall comprises a shield wall 1, a water-facing wall 11, a water-backing wall 12, a flow passage 13, a fishway groove body 2, a suitable migration zone 3, a river bank 4, a power station factory 5 and power station tail water 6.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment of the invention:
referring to fig. 1-3, the present embodiment provides a fishway inlet arrangement manner, in which a fishway inlet is formed by extending a fish passing structure of the fishway inlet arrangement manner outwards, the fishway inlet and the fish passing structure are integrally built, and the fishway is preferably selected as the fish passing structure. The fishway inlet obliquely extends out of a river bank 4 and obliquely extends into power station tail water 6, and the fishway inlet extending out of the river bank 4 is mainly used for picking flow of the power station tail water 6, so that the shielding effect on the fishway inlet is realized, a large and wide proper migration zone 3 which has relatively small flow rate and can meet the condition of fish migration water flow is created in the downstream of the fishway inlet (note that the general flow rate of tail water discharged from a power station is large, the migratory fishes are easy to take away), and the proper migration zone 3 with good attraction characteristic is generated by combining with water supplement of the fishway inlet, so that the fishes can be conveniently gathered and enter the fishway.
By adopting the scheme of the invention, other fish luring facilities, such as a fish blocking jet pipe, a fish luring jet pipe and the like, do not need to be built, and the proper migration zone 3 and the proper suction flow at the fishway inlet can be ensured, so that the construction procedures are reduced, the construction cost is correspondingly reduced, and the maintenance operation after the construction of the fishway inlet is finished is facilitated.
The second embodiment of the invention:
referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the present embodiment provides a fishway inlet arrangement structure formed by the arrangement method of the first embodiment, the arrangement structure includes a shield wall 1 formed by extending the wing walls at the two sides of the fishway trough body 2 outwards, the shield wall 1 is used to change the flow direction of the power station tail water 6 flowing out from the power station factory building 5, the tail water flows close to the center of the river and is far away from the position of the fishway inlet, so that the relative flow rate of the water flow at the fishway inlet is reduced, and then the water supplementing system supplements water according to the requirement of the fish migration water flow condition to form the suction flow at the fishway inlet. The flow velocity of the suction flow is smaller than that of the tail water 6 of the original river channel power station, and the fish gathering device is suitable for gathering fish. The flow velocity of the suction flow and the flow velocity of the power station tail water 6 are different, so that the suction flow at the fishway inlet and the power station tail water 6 are easy to distinguish, and the migratory fishes can find the fishway inlet more easily.
The protective wall 1 comprises a water-facing wall 11 and a backwater wall 12, wherein the water-facing wall 11 is directly contacted with the tail water 6 of the power station to block the tail water 6 of the power station, so as to provide a precondition for forming a proper migration zone 3 at the downstream position of a fishway inlet, and a flow passage 13, namely a passage for the migratory fish, is formed between the backwater wall 12 and the water-facing wall 11.
In order to play a better role in blocking, the water flow direction of the tail water 6 of the power station in the original riverway is changed, and the height of the water-facing wall 11 is higher than the water level from the water bottom so as to separate the water flow. The height of the backwater surface wall 12 can be consistent with that of the water-facing surface wall 11, and is higher than the horizontal plane, or can be lower than that of the water-facing surface wall 11, and even the height of the backwater surface wall 12 is lower than the horizontal plane. When the backwater wall 12 is lower than the horizontal plane, the area of the fishway inlet is increased, and the fish can conveniently enter the fishway. Preferably, the upper end surface of the backwater surface wall 12 is a slope, that is, the cross section of the backwater surface wall 12 parallel to the surface wall is trapezoidal.
In addition, the flow direction of the water flow in the flow channel 13 and the flow direction of the power station tail water 6 form a certain included angle α, the included angle α is 0 & lt α & lt 90 degrees, preferably between 30 degrees and α degrees and 60 degrees, the two situations that the flow direction of the water flow in the flow channel 13 is parallel to or perpendicular to the flow direction of the power station tail water 6, namely α degrees and α degrees are two situations, when the flow direction of the water flow in the flow channel 13 is parallel to the flow direction of the power station tail water 6, namely the inlet axis of the fishway is parallel to the flow direction of the power station tail water 6, α degrees, a certain flow selecting effect cannot be generated on the power station tail water 6, therefore, a large-width proper recirculation zone 3 is created at the downstream of the inlet of the fishway, the recirculated fishes are guided from the downstream to the inlet of the fishway, when the flow direction of the flow in the flow channel 13 is perpendicular to the flow direction of the flow of the power station tail water 6, namely the inlet axis of the fishway is perpendicular to the flow direction of the power station tail water flow, when the power station tail water flow is 90 degrees, the power station tail water flow is sealed, the power station, the fishway tail water flow is difficult to effectively absorb the water flow, and the tail.
Through above-mentioned scheme, in fishway import department, the rivers flow direction that makes in the runner 13 is certain angle with the rivers flow direction of power station tail water 6, can make the more easy discernment of migration fish intake suction drainage, gets into the fishway inside smoothly, strengthens the luring fish efficiency of fishway import.
In addition, the end of the water-facing wall 11 close to the river bank 4 is defined as a starting end, the starting end of the water-facing wall 11 is arranged close to the power station building 5, and a tail water channel is arranged at the downstream of the power station building 5, because migratory fishes prefer to find the tail water channel with more water sources, but the water flow speed of the tail water channel is faster, the fishes cannot stay in the tail water channel, the fishes can be spread to the periphery for searching, and a proper migration zone 3 suitable for parking is found. Therefore, the starting end of the water-facing wall 11 is arranged close to the tail water channel, and the migratory fishes can quickly find the appropriate migration zone 3 through the guidance of the tail water channel, so as to quickly enter the flow channel 13.
In another embodiment of this embodiment, the end of the backwater surface wall 12 close to the river bank 4 is also defined as the starting end, and the end surface of the terminating end of the water-facing surface wall 11 is flush with the end surface of the terminating end of the backwater surface wall 12, that is, the width of the fishway inlet is the same as the width of the fishway body 2.
Furthermore, the end face of the termination end of the water-facing wall 11 and the end face of the termination end of the water-backing wall 12 are not parallel and level, and the termination end of the water-backing wall 12 can be slightly shorter than the end face of the termination end of the water-facing wall 11, which is equivalent to increasing the width of a fishway inlet and is beneficial to attracting migratory fishes to enter. But also not too short, namely the width of the fishway inlet is not too large, because the larger the width is, the more the water replenishing quantity is needed to ensure that the flow velocity of the water flow in the flow channel meets the requirement.
The third embodiment of the invention:
in this embodiment, the vertical height of the water-facing wall 11 is set as a length, the length of the water-facing wall is set as a, and the length of the fishway entrance extending out of the river bank 4 is set as L. The length a of the water-facing wall is taken as a hypotenuse, the length L of the fishway inlet extending out of the river bank 4 is taken as a bottom edge, and the flow direction of the tail water 6 of the power station is high to form a right-angled triangle. In order to create a wider suitable migration zone 3 with a slower water flow speed at the downstream of the fishway inlet, the length L of the fishway inlet extending out of the river bank 4 should preferably not be less than 2 times the width d of the fishway body 2, and should preferably not exceed the outlet of the generator set at the side next to the bank as much as possible, so as not to generate a large water blocking influence on the power station tail water 6. Meanwhile, the length a of the water-facing wall is not too long, and the length L of the water-facing wall extending out of the river bank 4 along with the fishway inlet is correspondingly changed.
The fourth embodiment of the invention:
in this embodiment, a certain included angle β is formed between the plane of the water-facing wall 11 and the plane of the backwater wall 12, specifically, the backwater wall 12 is disposed obliquely with respect to the water-facing wall 11, and preferably, the included angle β between the plane of the water-facing wall 11 and the plane of the backwater wall 12 is 0 °, where the water-facing wall 11 and the backwater wall 12 are parallel to each other, and the distance between the water-facing wall 11 and the backwater wall 12 is equal to the width of the fishway channel body 2.
The fifth embodiment of the invention:
the fourth embodiment is an improvement of the fourth embodiment, in order to meet the requirements of different seasons and different water flows, ensure the blocking effect of the water-facing wall 11, and increase the thickness of the water-facing wall 11, generally, the thickness of the water-facing wall 11 is preferably the same as the thickness of the wing walls on both sides of the fishway groove body 2.
Sixth embodiment of the present invention:
the invention provides a fishway which comprises the fishway inlet arrangement structure, and compared with the prior art, the fishway has the advantages that the fish passing efficiency of the fishway is increased, and the fishway is convenient to operate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention keeps a certain distance between the starting end of the water-facing wall 11 (similar to the diversion wall in the prior art) and the river bank 4, and can select the starting end within the range of not less than 1 meter according to the type of target fish. This kind of setting can form the rivers of two at least different velocity of flow in fishway import department, and in addition the drainage of inhaling, have the rivers that three velocity of flow is different at least, and the different rivers of velocity of flow can cause the interference to the migration fish, leads to the difficult difference of migration fish to inhale the drainage, and the fish luring efficiency is relatively poor.
In addition, compared with the prior art that the starting end of the water-facing wall 11 (similar to a diversion wall in the prior art) is kept at a certain distance from the river bank 4, the invention utilizes the fish passing building, namely the fishway, of the fishway inlet to extend out to form the shield wall 1, and the shield wall 1 is adjusted to build the suitable migration zone 3 without adding additional buildings, so that the construction process and the construction difficulty are reduced, and the construction cost is reduced.
All parameters used in this example were obtained by numerical simulation calculations and experimental study optimization.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A fishway inlet arrangement mode is characterized in that: the arrangement mode is by the outside extension of the fish structure of crossing of self and forms the fishway import, the slant of fishway import stretches out bank (4) to the slant stretches into in power station tail water (6), stretches out the fishway import of bank (4) and carries out the slip stream to power station tail water (6), and then builds a suitable migration area (3) in the low reaches of fishway import.
2. A fishway inlet arrangement, characterized in that: the fishway inlet arrangement is formed by the fishway inlet arrangement of claim 1.
3. The fishway inlet arrangement of claim 2, wherein: the arrangement structure comprises a shielding wall (1) formed by extending outwards wing walls on two sides of a fishway groove body (2).
4. The fishway inlet arrangement of claim 3, wherein: the shield wall (1) comprises a water-facing wall (11) and a water-backing wall (12), and a flow channel (13) is formed between the water-facing wall (11) and the water-backing wall (12).
5. The fishway inlet arrangement of claim 4, characterised in that the flow direction in the flow channel (13) is at an angle α to the flow direction of the station tailwater (6), the angle being 0 < α < 90 °, preferably 30 ° < α < 60 °.
6. The fishway inlet arrangement of claim 3, wherein: the length L of the fishway inlet extending out of the river bank (4) is not more than the width of the water outlet of the generator set adjacent to the bank side.
7. The fishway inlet arrangement of claim 6, wherein: the starting end of the water-facing wall (11) is arranged close to the power station factory building (5).
8. The fishway inlet arrangement of claim 7, wherein: the end face of the termination end of the water-facing wall (11) is flush with the end face of the termination end of the water-backing wall (12).
9. The fishway inlet arrangement of claim 8, wherein the plane of the water-facing wall (11) and the plane of the water-facing wall (12) form an angle β, the angle being 0 ° ≦ β ≦ 90 °.
10. A fishway comprising a fishway inlet arrangement as claimed in any of claims 2 to 9.
CN202010203821.0A 2020-03-20 2020-03-20 Arrangement mode and arrangement structure of fishway inlet Pending CN111254890A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115094844A (en) * 2022-08-25 2022-09-23 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 Fish passing facility, hydraulic structure and fish passing method in construction period

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104088261A (en) * 2014-07-15 2014-10-08 中国水利水电科学研究院 Method and system for luring fishes with flow jetting
CN106192935A (en) * 2016-08-26 2016-12-07 中国水利水电科学研究院 The method of adjustment of a kind of fish pass import department river flow and system
KR20180014368A (en) * 2016-07-29 2018-02-08 주식회사 경호엔지니어링 종합건축사사무소 River facility having horizontal-type fishway
CN212200337U (en) * 2020-03-20 2020-12-22 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 Fishway inlet arrangement system, fishway inlet arrangement structure and fishway

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104088261A (en) * 2014-07-15 2014-10-08 中国水利水电科学研究院 Method and system for luring fishes with flow jetting
KR20180014368A (en) * 2016-07-29 2018-02-08 주식회사 경호엔지니어링 종합건축사사무소 River facility having horizontal-type fishway
CN106192935A (en) * 2016-08-26 2016-12-07 中国水利水电科学研究院 The method of adjustment of a kind of fish pass import department river flow and system
CN212200337U (en) * 2020-03-20 2020-12-22 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 Fishway inlet arrangement system, fishway inlet arrangement structure and fishway

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115094844A (en) * 2022-08-25 2022-09-23 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 Fish passing facility, hydraulic structure and fish passing method in construction period
CN115094844B (en) * 2022-08-25 2022-10-28 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 Fish passing facility, hydraulic structure and fish passing method in construction period

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