CN211200321U - Fish passageway structure is crossed to low head weir dam - Google Patents
Fish passageway structure is crossed to low head weir dam Download PDFInfo
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- CN211200321U CN211200321U CN201921833676.3U CN201921833676U CN211200321U CN 211200321 U CN211200321 U CN 211200321U CN 201921833676 U CN201921833676 U CN 201921833676U CN 211200321 U CN211200321 U CN 211200321U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a fish passing channel structure of a low water head weir dam, which comprises fishways which are distributed in a turn-back manner and are arranged on the low water head weir dam; the fishway upstream side sets up the export of a plurality of fish of tracing upward, and the downstream side sets up the entry of a plurality of fish of tracing upward, and the fishway is arranged a plurality of deep pool or rest pond along the journey as the rest room of the fish of tracing upward. The structure enables fishes to smoothly pass through the weir dam, can adapt to the upstream and downstream water level variation range, has good fish passing effect, simple structure and convenient construction, and does not additionally occupy the land. The problem of the setting of the fish passing facility in the low water head weir dam engineering is solved. The structure can be widely applied to medium and low water head weir dam engineering, and can achieve stable and meet the water flow condition of upstream fishes within the engineering range of the weir dam, namely, a short distance.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering and fishway engineering, concretely relates to low head weir dam crosses fish access structure.
Background
The weir dam has multiple functions as a water retaining hydraulic building: (1) the flood is buffered, the riverbed surface is scoured to a certain degree due to the large peak flow velocity of the sudden rising flood caused by short-term rainstorm in medium and small watersheds, and the riverbed has a certain water storage level due to the dam, so that the effect of partial energy dissipation is achieved, and the scouring to the riverbed is reduced; (2) the method is agricultural irrigation, the main function of constructing the barrage in medium and small watershed, particularly mountain stream, is to stop the upstream incoming water, irrigate farmland by introducing canal and water diversion, the construction of the barrage can improve the water diversion head to make the irrigation canal farther, the irrigation area larger, and the effect on agricultural production is prominent; (3) beautifies the river landscape and creates a hydrophilic space. The weir dam raises the upstream water surface through impounded water, so that the river has a stable water surface area even in dry seasons, and meanwhile, the raising of the water surface also draws the distance between a shore top passageway and the horizontal plane, so that a tourist can feel the feeling of the gurgling of flowing water, feel cool given off by river water vapor in a short distance, and provide a platform for hydrophilic paddling; (4) the still water level that the weir dam formed provides habitat for aquatic animals such as fishes and shrimps, and simultaneously, the silt of weir dam upper reaches deposit can be as the nutrient of aquatic plant, and the silt provides the place for plant roots grows.
The river barrage project utilizes water resources, produces huge economic and social benefits after the project is built, and also has great influence on the aquatic ecological environment, and for fishes, the migration or other activities of the fishes are delayed or stopped due to the change of natural habits such as foraging, breeding, overwintering and the like. According to project topic research, the construction of river-blocking buildings such as reservoirs and barrages obstructs the path of activities of fishes at upstream and downstream, changes the original living and breeding environment, and leads to the change and even extinction of genes of some species over time. In order to protect fish resources and restore river biodiversity, other remedial measures need to be taken while a permanent barrage is built on a river.
The fish passing facility refers to an engineering or technical means which can help the blocked fishes smoothly go up or down to pass through a dam or other obstacles and reach places with important life history, such as breeding places, bait-rigging places or overwintering places. The main form of the method comprises: fishway, imitated natural channel, fish elevator, fish collecting and transporting facility, fish gate, etc. The main principle is that firstly, fishes under or on the dam are gathered together through a certain fish luring measure, and then the fishes are conveyed through the dam through a natural migration channel or manually. Under the condition that the fish luring facility is effective, and the migration channel or the artificial fish conveying process is reasonable, the fishes can smoothly pass through the dam with the help of the fish passing facility.
The fish passing facilities have a history of over 300 years internationally, and a large number of fish passing facilities are built aiming at objects and requirements for fish protection in developed countries such as Europe, America and Japan when large-scale hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering is built, so that comprehensive engineering benefits are obtained, good fish passing effects are obtained, ecological system balance and species diversification are kept, for example, a famous fishway of the Banner Weir dam in the United states, a French Katopodis C & Rajaratam N fishway in France, a Belgian daniel fishway in Belgium and a Canada Helerson fishway which operate well, good ecological benefits are obtained, and millions of fish return to upstream for spawning through the fishway every year. Certain fishways in China also achieve good fish passing effects, and thus the fish inhabiting environment can be repaired by building fish passing facilities.
The fish passing facility is a system engineering which relates to a plurality of disciplines such as water conservancy, ecology, biology, environment, geography, hydrology and the like, and a successful fish passing facility obtains good fish passing effect and necessarily obtains comprehensive benefits of the engineering. The fish passing facilities mainly comprise fishways, natural-simulated channels, fish lifts, fish collecting and transporting facilities and fish gates. The fish elevator, fish collecting and transporting facilities and fish gate are generally suitable for medium and high water head dams, the hydro-junction engineering of some rivers belongs to a low water head hydro-junction, and the 3 schemes are not suitable for the reasons of discontinuous fish passing, unstable fish passing effect, complex operation, high operation cost and the like. The nature-imitated channel is mainly applied to low-water-head hydraulic engineering, but has poor water level change adapting capacity, large water level change range downstream most of engineering and limited by engineering terrain, and is wide in channel and large in occupied area due to slow gradient and great in arrangement difficulty. For the dam project of medium and small watershed, the investment for specially building the project of imitating natural channel is too large, and the fish channels are considered to be arranged in the process of building the dam by finding many local governing departments in the investigation process, but the large floor area and the high construction cost result in that many fish way plans cannot be implemented.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
To the above, the utility model provides a fish access structure is crossed to low water head weir dam enables the fish to pass through the weir dam smoothly, can adapt to the water level range of change of swimming simultaneously, cross that the fish is effectual, simple structure, the construction of being convenient for, and do not additionally occupy the soil. The problem of the setting of the fish passing facility in the low water head weir dam engineering is solved. The structure can be widely applied to low-head weir dam engineering, and can achieve stable and meet the water flow condition of upstream fishes within the engineering range of the weir dam, namely, a short distance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the technical proposal that: a fish passing channel structure of a low water head weir dam comprises fishways which are distributed on the low water head weir dam in a turn-back manner; the fishway upstream side sets up the export of a plurality of fish of tracing upward, and the downstream side sets up the entry of a plurality of fish of tracing upward, and the fishway is arranged a plurality of deep pool or rest pond along the journey as the rest room of the fish of tracing upward.
Further, the technique utility model the fishway generally suits to arrange on the low head weir dam that has great back water slope, can guarantee to have sufficient space to satisfy the fishway and arrange, like common be coiled dragon weir, fold bent weir, snowflake weir or terraced fields weir etc..
Further, the fishway plane arrangement form is comprehensively determined according to upstream and downstream water level difference, weir body width, upstream water flow critical flow velocity of the target fish and the like. Generally, the setting length of the fishway is equal to the width of the weir body, so that the requirement can be met, and the length of the fishway is prolonged if the retractable arrangement cannot be met. A plurality of deep ponds need to be arranged along the way of the fishway to serve as rest rooms for the fishes going up, and one deep pond or rest pond is arranged every 10-12 m.
Further, the unit water power dissipation rate [ E ] of water flow in the deep pool or rest pool]Not preferred to exceed 50W/m3. Wherein the unit water power dissipation can be calculated according to the formula (1):
in the formula, E-pool unit water power dissipation, W/m3；
[E]-allowing unit water power dissipation, W/m3；
V-volume of water in pool chamber, m3；
Q-fishway water flow, m3/s；
Rho-density of water, kg/m3。
Furthermore, a plurality of inlets at the downstream of the fishway are preferably arranged, and the number of the inlets is not less than 2, so that the upstream fishes can be found smoothly. The flow velocity of water flow near the outlet needs to meet the induction flow velocity of the upstream fish. If the requirements cannot be met, fish luring measures need to be arranged near the inlet, and the low-water-head weir dam is considered to be suitable for luring fish by water flow, namely, a water flow is discharged at the outlet of the weir dam, so that the flow speed of the water flow at the inlet meets the requirements. The fishway entrance is not suitable to be arranged in the region of strong swirl and recirculation.
Furthermore, the flow velocity of water flow near the upstream fish outlet is not more than 0.5m/s, which is beneficial to guiding the upstream fish. Meanwhile, the water depth of the fishes in the upstream period is required to be ensured to be not less than 1.0 m.
Furthermore, the upstream fish outlet is generally open, but a gate slot is convenient for later operation and maintenance.
Furthermore, the cross section of the fishway is divided into a partition plate type, a vertical seam type, a groove type and a bionic type.
Further, the setting of the fishway longitudinal slope is specifically determined according to the swimming behavior characteristics of the upstream fishes, and the bionic fishway longitudinal slope is not more than 1: 20; the bottom gradient of the groove-type fishway is not more than 1: 10.
Further, under the public action of the arrangement of the bottom slope of the fishway and the roughness of the side wall, the water depth of the fishway water and the fishway water should be larger than 0.2m, the maximum flow velocity should not be larger than 2.0m/s, the width should not be smaller than 2 times of the average body length of the main upstream fishes, and the clear width of the groove body of the groove-type fishway should not be larger than 2.0 m.
The utility model has the advantages as follows: the utility model discloses can satisfy the demand that low head weir dam crossed the fish, solve simultaneously and arrange the contradiction of fishway and the pleasing to the eye design of weir dam. And (4) guiding fishway design according to the swimming behavior characteristics of different upstream fishes. The arrangement scheme of the inlet and the outlet of the fishway can greatly increase the fish passing efficiency, effectively ensure the water flow conditions of the fishway under different water level amplitude, and meet the basic requirements of upstream fishes. Simultaneously the utility model discloses a structural style has simple structure, economical and practical, the advantage of the construction of being convenient for, is applicable to low water head weir dam etc. and blocks hydraulic engineering.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a fish passage according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of a fish passage according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fish passage of the present invention shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fish passage of the present invention, FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fish passage of the present invention shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view of the fish passage of the present invention shown in FIG. 1;
fig. 9 is a schematic plan view of the fish passage of the present invention 2.
In the figure, 1-weir; 2-weir crest; 3-energy dissipation structure; 4-protecting feet; 5-tracing the fish entrance; 6-fishway; 7-tracing the fish outlet; 8-conventional gentle slope fishway; 9-deep pool or rest pool.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and to those skilled in the art, it is obvious that various changes can be made within the scope and the method of the present invention as defined and confirmed by the appended claims, and all the inventions contemplated by the present invention are protected.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the engineering background of this embodiment is that a weir dam with fish passing requirements to be built at a position on a river is shown in fig. 1, and the integral structure of a weir body 1 is a dam crest 2, a stilling pool 3 and an anti-impact protection foot 4. According to the conventional fishway arrangement concept on the barrage, the conventional gentle slope fishway 8 shown in the figure is adopted. As can be seen from the drawings of fig. 1 and 3, the conventional fishway arrangement scheme, namely the arrangement scheme of the gentle slope fishway 8, occupies a large area, is difficult to meet the water flow condition of the upstream fishes, is not matched with the design of the whole barrage, and is difficult to integrate the fishway and the barrage. Adopt the utility model discloses these contradictions of solution that the method can be fine. The fishway 6 is arranged on a backwater slope of the S-shaped barrage, and the fishway 6 is arranged on the plane and integrated with the barrage into a whole and distributed in an S shape. The total length of the fish channel is 270m, the height difference of the entrance and the exit is about 2m, and the average drop-off is 0.0074. 22 deep ponds or rest ponds 9 are arranged along the fish passage to provide rest places for the fishes going upstream. The fishway is provided with 5 upstream fish inlets 5, in order to adapt to the amplitude of the downstream water level of the weir dam and ensure that the water depth of the inlets is not less than 1m in the fish passing period, the heights of the 5 inlets and the 5 outlets are different, and the inlets and the outlets are arranged in a crossed manner; 3 upstream fish outlets 7 are distributed at the fishway outlet.
A plurality of deep ponds need to be arranged along the course of a fishway to serve as rest rooms for fishes going up, each 10-12 m deep pond is suitable for being arranged, and the power dissipation rate of a water flow unit in each rest pond is not suitable to exceed [ E ]]＝50W/m3。
Wherein the unit water power dissipation can be calculated according to the formula (1):
in the formula, E-pool unit water power dissipation, W/m3；
[E]-allowing unit water power dissipation, W/m3；
V-volume of water in pool chamber, m3；
Q-fishway water flow, m3/s；
Rho-density of water, kg/m3。
The fishway type can generally adopt a vertical seam type, a groove type and a bionic type, and can adopt a single form or a combined arrangement. Wherein figure 8 is a vertical seam: the left partition plate D1 and the right partition plate D1 form a vertical joint D3, and the front partition plate D1 and the rear partition plate D2 form a pool chamber D2; FIG. 9 is a trough and biomimetic: the left and right side walls E2 form a deep groove E1. Each type of cross-section may also vary: FIG. 6 shows a groove type fish passing channel A1, wherein the wall A2 and the bottom A3 are smooth; FIG. 7 shows pebble-roughened type, in which the fish passage is A1, and the wall surface B2 and the bottom surface B3 are pebble-roughened; fig. 8 shows a bionic manner, the fish passing channel is C1, the wall surface is C2 laid with large-particle-size pebbles, and the bottom surface B3 is made of small-particle-size pebbles with rough surfaces.
The newly-built barrage is provided with a fishway, the overflowing amount of the fishway is generally required to be considered, and particularly, the barrage is used for collecting rivers with small rain areas. The water storage level at the upstream of the barrage is ensured by reasonably setting the fish way overflow, so that the requirements of people are met. The setting of the fishway flow can refer to the regulation of the ecological flow of the barrage, the requirement of the water level of the barrage is ensured, and the fishway overflow is not greater than the downward-discharging ecological flow value. The conventional ecological flux verification methods are as follows, see table 1:
TABLE 1 ecological flow verification method
Setting of fishway overflow As shown in Table 1, the ecological flow Q of the barrage is calculated1The value is obtained. Secondly, according to the utility model the width of fishway pool chamber is not less than the average body of the main fishes of going up to date2 times of the length, wherein the clear width of the groove body of the groove type fishway is not suitable to be larger than the requirement of 2.0m, and the overflow Q under the limiting condition is calculated2The value is obtained. Finally, Q is compared1And Q2Magnitude of value, majority of Q1Is greater than Q2Considering the design of structure size, selecting a value smaller than Q1The value of (2) is sufficient. After the fishway overflow is clarified, the fishway size can be determined.
So far, adopt the method, the fishway basic design is accomplished, but can further optimize pond room rivers condition through means such as other models and field test.
Example two:
the engineering background of this embodiment is similar to that of the first embodiment. As shown in fig. 2, the design unit is intended to design the fishway as a conventional gentle slope fishway 8. As can be seen from fig. 2 and 4, the conventional fishway arrangement scheme and the barrage are integrally provided with auspicious cloud modeling lattice. And adopt the utility model discloses this problem of solution that the method can be fine. The fishway 6 is arranged on the back slope of the barrage, the fishway is integrated with the auspicious cloud modeling on the plane arrangement, and the fishway can be covered in different places. Through arrange the scheme, can not influence the whole view design requirement of weir dam basically. The fishway 6 is arranged in a bending and folding way. The fish passing channel is about 600m in total length, the height difference between an inlet and an outlet is about 2m, and the average specific drop is 0.0033. Nearly 50 deep ponds or rest ponds 9 are arranged along the fish passage to provide rest places for the fishes going upstream. 3 inlets 5 with different heights and 3 upstream fish outlets 7 are arranged on the fishway in a crossing way.
The fishway is long in setting path and adopts the bionic section type shown in figure 7. The foundation C4 is of a reinforced concrete structure, the two sides C2 and the bottom C3 in the groove are paved with pebbles, and the middle part is a fish passing part C1.
Similarly, according to the setting of the fishway overflow, the ecological flow Q of the barrage is firstly calculated according to the table 11Value and minimum fishway overflow Q2The value is obtained. And determining the size of the fishway after further defining the fishway overflow.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A fish passing channel structure of a low water head weir dam is characterized by comprising fishways which are distributed on the low water head weir dam in a turning-back manner; the fishway upstream side sets up the export of a plurality of fish of tracing upward, and the downstream side sets up the entry of a plurality of fish of tracing upward, and the fishway is arranged a plurality of deep pool or rest pond along the journey as the rest room of the fish of tracing upward.
2. The low head weir fish passageway structure of claim 1 wherein the low head weir is a coiled weir, a folded weir, a snowflake weir or a terrace weir.
3. The low head weir dam fish passageway structure of claim 1, wherein a deep pool or rest pool is arranged every 10-12 m.
4. The low head weir dam fish passageway structure of claim 1, wherein the specific water power dissipation rate [ E ] of the water flow in the deep pool or rest pool]Not preferred to exceed 50W/m3。
5. The low head weir dam fish passage structure of claim 1, wherein the flow velocity of the water near the upstream fish outlet is not greater than 0.5m/s, while ensuring that the water depth of the fish is not less than 1.0m during the upstream period.
6. The low head weir dam fish passage structure of claim 1, wherein upstream fish outlets of different heights are provided at different positions if the water level variation is too large.
7. The low head weir dam fish passage structure of claim 1, wherein the upstream fish outlet is open and is provided with a gate slot.
8. The low head weir dam fish passage structure of claim 1 wherein the cross-sectional profile of the fishway is divided into baffled, perps, channels and simulated ecological.
9. The low head weir dam fish passage structure of claim 8, wherein the biomimetic fishway longitudinal slope is no greater than 1: 20; the bottom gradient of the groove-type fishway is not more than 1: 10.
10. The low head weir dam fish passage structure of claim 1, wherein the fishway water depth is greater than 0.2m, the maximum flow velocity is not greater than 2.0m/s, and the width is not less than 2 times the average body length of the major upstream fish species.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113136845A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-07-20 | 中国葛洲坝集团第一工程有限公司 | Migration type ecological fishway and construction method |
| CN114150632A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-03-08 | 浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院) | Temporary fish passing channel of low-water-head barrage and fish passing method |
| CN115094844A (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2022-09-23 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Fish passing facility, hydraulic structure and fish passing method in construction period |
| CN115419028A (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2022-12-02 | 浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院) | Tidal estuary fishway with sunken rest pool and design method thereof |
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2019
- 2019-10-29 CN CN201921833676.3U patent/CN211200321U/en active Active
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113136845A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-07-20 | 中国葛洲坝集团第一工程有限公司 | Migration type ecological fishway and construction method |
| CN114150632A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-03-08 | 浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院) | Temporary fish passing channel of low-water-head barrage and fish passing method |
| CN114150632B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-03-31 | 浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院) | Temporary fish passing channel of low-water-head barrage and fish passing method |
| CN115094844A (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2022-09-23 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Fish passing facility, hydraulic structure and fish passing method in construction period |
| CN115094844B (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2022-10-28 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Fish passing facility, hydraulic structure and fish passing method in construction period |
| CN115419028A (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2022-12-02 | 浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院) | Tidal estuary fishway with sunken rest pool and design method thereof |
| CN115419028B (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2023-08-11 | 浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院) | Tidal estuary fishway with sinking rest pool and design method thereof |
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