CN114150632B - Temporary fish passing channel of low-water-head barrage and fish passing method - Google Patents
Temporary fish passing channel of low-water-head barrage and fish passing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114150632B CN114150632B CN202111337572.5A CN202111337572A CN114150632B CN 114150632 B CN114150632 B CN 114150632B CN 202111337572 A CN202111337572 A CN 202111337572A CN 114150632 B CN114150632 B CN 114150632B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
- E02B8/085—Devices allowing fish migration, e.g. fish traps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones
Abstract
The invention discloses a temporary fish passing channel of a low-water-head weir dam and a fish passing method, comprising a plurality of fish passing units, wherein each fish passing unit comprises a rectangular groove, a middle partition plate is arranged in each rectangular groove, and a fish passing hole is formed in each middle partition plate; the lifting unit is arranged below the fish passing unit and comprises a foot seat and a hydraulic rod, and the foot seat is connected with the bottom surface of the rectangular groove; the rectangular grooves of the fish passing units are hermetically connected through the combined unit; the bottom end of the fish passing channel is immersed in the water flow on one side of the barrage; the side of crossing the fish passageway disposes auxiliary channel, and auxiliary channel's top links to each other with the middle part of crossing the fish passageway, and auxiliary channel's bottom submergence is in rivers to be located the barrage and cross between the bottom of fish passageway. The invention has the advantages of detachability, small construction difficulty and small interference to the main body barrage, and is suitable for wide popularization in the low water head barrage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fish living environment restoration in hydraulic engineering, and particularly relates to a temporary fish passing channel of a low-water-head weir dam and a fish passing method.
Background
With the aggravation of over-fishing, hydroelectric generation, climate change and environmental pollution, wild fish resources are threatened, particularly migratory fishes are influenced by migration routes and climate factors, and are subjected to more survival tests than other fishes. The migratory fishes can synthesize nutrient substances in different ecosystems due to the special life habits of migration, and have important significance for promoting the communication of the different ecosystems. It is because of migration of fish that the genes of species can communicate with each other, and the biodiversity is maintained. Therefore, how to protect fish migration in the hydraulic engineering construction process is an important subject of ecological research.
At present, from the research situation, old barrages are basically not provided with fish passing facilities except a small part of the low-head barrages newly built in recent years. However, most of the barrages which are built already cannot be designed and modified due to limited investment, geographical positions of the barrages, human production and life and the like.
The invention patent with the publication number of CN 102900055B discloses a fish passing channel building method and a fish passing channel suitable for a low-water-head dam. According to the invention, the fish passing channel beneficial to the upward migration is ingeniously built by utilizing the structure of the dam, and the down-hole is dug on the bottom sill of the flood discharge gate to serve as the outlet of the fish passing channel, so that the operation safety of the dam is not influenced by the damage to the overall structure of the dam, the construction difficulty is reduced, and the cost is saved.
The invention patent application with the application number of 202110312261.7 discloses a bionic fish passing channel structure based on a small miniature weir dam, which comprises a plurality of side walls, wherein each side wall is arranged along the width direction of a river channel at intervals, a first-stage water passing channel is formed between every two adjacent rows of side walls, a plurality of stages of water passing channels are formed in a conformal mode, fish rest areas and water blocking areas are arranged along the width direction of the river channel at intervals in the same stage of water passing channel, and the water passing width of the fish rest areas is larger than that of the water blocking areas; a plurality of water blocking devices are arranged in the water blocking area, a plurality of blind holes are arranged at the bottom in the fish resting area along the way, and aquatic plant cultivators can be arranged in the blind holes; one side of the water passing channel close to the bank slope is provided with a water passing platform, and the platform is set to be a flat slope and has the same elevation as the upper and lower levels of different water passing platforms on the same side. The application both can realize the fish effect of crossing of weir dam, protects local river ecological environment, has local view function simultaneously concurrently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a temporary fish passing channel of a low-water-head barrage and a fish passing method, which are detachable, small in arrangement range, small in construction difficulty and small in interference to a main barrage.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
a temporary fish passing channel of a low-water-head barrage comprises a plurality of fish passing units, wherein the fish passing units are matched with a lifting unit and a combination unit; the fish passing unit comprises a rectangular groove, a middle partition plate is arranged in the rectangular groove, and a fish passing hole is formed in the middle partition plate; the lifting unit is arranged below the fish passing unit and comprises a foot seat and a hydraulic rod, the foot seat is connected with the bottom surface of the rectangular groove, the hydraulic rod is vertically arranged, and the bottom of the foot seat is connected with the movable end of the hydraulic rod; the combined unit comprises a sealing element for sealing and connecting a plurality of rectangular grooves to form a fish passage; the top end of the fish passing channel is connected with a water outlet at the top of the barrage or connected with a fish passing down-hole on the barrage, and the bottom end of the fish passing channel is immersed in water flow on one side of the barrage;
the side of crossing the fish passageway disposes auxiliary channel, and auxiliary channel's top links to each other with the middle part of crossing the fish passageway, and auxiliary channel's bottom submergence is in rivers to be located the barrage and cross between the bottom of fish passageway.
Adopt above-mentioned technical scheme, cross the fish passageway and can be formed by the different fish unit concatenation equipment of crossing of quantity according to actual need, build interim fish passageway of crossing on the weir dam in the fish migration phase, demolish it after waiting the migration phase to finish. Therefore, the influence of blocking the upstream channel of the migration of the fishes in the constructed barrage can be effectively solved, the investment can be reduced under the condition that the existing landscape is not damaged, and the feasibility and the operability of the ecological environment restoration of the fishes are improved.
The rectangular groove is made of iron sheet or steel plate, has good rigidity, the length of the rectangular groove is generally 1.0-2.5 m, the rectangular groove is flexible and convenient to mount and carry, and the water passing width is generally 0.5-1.5 m.
The bottom of rectangular channel sets up the lift unit, realizes the lift of foot rest through the hydraulic stem, and its purpose is in order to erect the fishway unit in the river course to require to adjust the height of single fish unit of crossing according to assembling the combination, so, can splice into the rectangular channel of end to end connection, continuous passageway that has the grade through the hydraulic stem.
Preferably, the maximum lifting amplitude of the hydraulic rod is +/-1 m. So, the slope of crossing the fish passageway can not be too big, can avoid crossing the interior turbulent flow that appears of fish passageway, provides good environment of swimming for the fish migration.
One end of the rectangular channel is equipped with intermediate bottom, and a plurality of rectangular channels end to end form the fish passageway of crossing that satisfies the length demand, and adjacent crossing passes through sealing member sealing connection between the fish unit, prevents that the rivers from will crossing the fish unit and break up, improves the stability of crossing the fish passageway.
The middle partition board is provided with a fish passing hole, and fish can easily pass through the fish passing hole. The middle partition plate has a certain blocking effect, and the migratory fishes enter the fish passing channel from the bottom end and move upwards along the rectangular groove. In the process of upward migration of fishes, the migration of the migratory fishes is more strenuous due to the resistance of water flow and the lifting of the height of the fish passage, and at the moment, the migratory fishes can have a short rest in each relatively independent fish passing unit to avoid falling down along with the water flow direction due to force shedding.
Further, the fish passing hole of the middle partition board can be designed to be of a denier type, a hole opening type, a vertical seam type or an ice harbor type according to the target fish species for passing fish, and is preferably of a denier type or a hole opening type.
The bottom setting of auxiliary passage is in the weir dam bottom, and its top is connected with the middle part of crossing the fish passageway, so, the gathering can be through too auxiliary passage upwards swimming and then get into the fish passageway in, realize diversified fish of advancing, improve the probability that the shoal of fish got into the fish passageway.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the two sides of the middle partition board are provided with adjusting components, the side wall of the rectangular groove is provided with an adjusting channel, and the adjusting channel is bent upwards from the bottom of the rectangular groove or the middle part of the side wall of the rectangular groove; the adjusting component is arranged in the adjusting channel and can move in the adjusting channel.
Thus, the adjusting assembly can move up and down according to different water levels. During the dry season, the water quantity in the river channel is less, the water quantity discharged downstream from the reservoir through the weir dam is increased, and the water flow entering the fish passing channel is large and fast in flow speed. The volume grow of adjusting part submergence in rivers, the buoyancy grow that it received to the impact dynamics of rivers to adjusting part also grow, thereby intermediate bottom is at the distance increase of the upward movement of adjusting part's drive down. During the full water period, the water in the river channel is sufficient, the water quantity discharged from the barrage is less, the flow of the water entering the fish passing channel is reduced, and the flow speed is slow. The volume of adjusting part submergence in rivers diminishes, and its buoyancy that receives diminishes to the impact strength of rivers to adjusting part also diminishes, thereby intermediate bottom board upwards moves under adjusting part's drive distance diminishes, can not shift up even. The adjusting assembly drives the middle partition plate to move up and down in the process of reciprocating movement in the adjusting channel, the position of the fish passing hole is adjusted, the flow of water flow in the fish passing channel passing through the middle partition plate is adjusted, and fish schools can smoothly pass through the middle partition plate and move upstream.
On the other hand, especially for the orifice type intermediate baffle, the fish passing orifice on the orifice type intermediate baffle is matched with the inner wall of the rectangular groove to form a passing hole for fish, the size of the fish passing orifice can be adjusted in the process that the intermediate baffle moves up and down, and when the intermediate baffle moves upwards, the fish passing orifice becomes large, so that the density of fish groups passing through is increased, large fish and small fish can smoothly pass through, and the damage to fish bodies can be reduced.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the adjusting assembly comprises a plurality of adjusting base parts which are connected end to end, and two adjacent adjusting base parts are rotatably connected; one end of the adjusting channel, which is far away from the middle partition plate, is provided with a second connecting rod, one end of the adjusting assembly, which is far away from the middle partition plate, is provided with a first connecting rod, and the first connecting rod is elastically connected with the second connecting rod.
The first connecting rod is arranged at one end, far away from the intermediate partition plate, of the adjusting base piece far away from the intermediate partition plate, the free end of the first connecting rod is arranged opposite to the free end of the second connecting rod, and the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are sleeved in the same spring. The end of the second connecting rod far away from the first connecting rod is fixedly provided with a connecting plate, one end of the spring is fixedly connected with the connecting plate, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected with the adjusting base piece. The connecting plate is spacing to the spring with adjusting the base member, prevents dislocation of first connecting rod or second connecting rod, derails. Therefore, the adjusting assembly can drive the middle partition plate to elastically displace under the elastic action of the spring.
Under the drive of spring, adjusting part moves steadily along the regulation passageway of buckling, can avoid arousing that the translation rate is too fast and lead to intermediate bottom to reciprocate or wobbling frequency too high, too fast, avoids rivers to form the turbulent flow through intermediate bottom, the influence that the country passed through to the shoal of fish.
When the interior water yield of fish passageway is big, rivers are fast, adjust buoyancy grow, the rivers impact force grow that the base member received, adjust the base member and can follow and adjust the passageway to its inside compression spring to drive intermediate bottom and shift up by a wide margin. When the fish passageway of crossing in the water yield little, rivers are slow, adjust the buoyancy that the substrate received and diminish, rivers impact force diminishes, adjust the substrate and can move to the middle direction of rectangular channel along adjusting the passageway under the spring action of spring, until getting back to initial position to drive intermediate bottom from top to bottom and move, until the tank bottom contact with the rectangular channel.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the adjustment base member is provided with a swing arm, one end of which is rotatably connected to the side wall of the adjustment base member, and the other end of which is provided with a pulley which is slidably connected to the inner wall of the adjustment channel.
From this, realize adjusting the base member and adjusting the sliding connection of passageway through the cooperation of swing arm and pulley, further improve the stationarity and the smoothness degree that adjusting part removed. The outer wall of the adjusting base piece is provided with a rotating shaft, and one end of the swing arm, far away from the pulley, is connected with the rotating shaft and can rotate around the rotating shaft. The outside of each regulation base member can dispose a plurality of swing arms, and a plurality of swing arms are radially and evenly distributed at the periphery of adjusting the base member and arrange, guarantee to adjust base member atress balance.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a cavity is arranged inside the adjusting base piece, and a buffer column, a balancing weight and a sliding block are arranged in the cavity; used for adjusting the up-and-down displacement of the middle partition plate and the water flow in the fish passage.
The buffering post transversely locates in the cavity, and the balancing weight is located the end of keeping away from intermediate bottom on the buffering post, and the sliding block cover is established on the buffering post to the sliding block can slide along the buffering post, the edge of sliding block and the inner wall butt of adjusting the substrate.
Under the influence of rivers impact, it is unbalanced to adjust the base member atress, sets up buffering post and balancing weight in its inside cavity and can avoid adjusting the base member and move by a wide margin along with rivers, prevents to take place excessive impact between the adjacent regulation base member, improves adjusting part's stability, guarantees the stationarity that intermediate bottom removed. The sliding block is established to the cover on the buffering post, can be under the inertia of adjusting base member self and the dual function of water impact along the axial displacement of buffering post to keep balance further improves stability.
On the other hand, the water flow impacts the adjusting assembly and flows between the adjusting base members, noise is easily generated under the impact of the water flow on the adjusting base members, and the adjusting base members are impacted by the water flow and limited by the connection between the adjusting base members, and noise is also easily generated during the movement. These noises have a certain effect on the fish population in the fish passage, which tends to drive the fish population away from the adjustment passage and move straight up.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sidewall of the cushion column is provided with a guide groove extending in the axial direction.
The cavity inside the adjusting base piece is communicated with the outside, and water flow in the fish passage can enter the cavity. From this, adjust base member and change remain stable under the dual function of outside rivers and inside water, avoid removing and overshoot.
Set up the guiding gutter on the buffering post, can lead to the rivers that get into in the cavity, rivers can reduce the velocity of flow by the influence of guiding gutter at the flow in-process in the cavity to adjust the flow direction in certain extent, form the vortex and/or the whirl in the small range, form the noise, release energy reduces the impact force degree to adjusting the substrate.
The invention also provides a method for temporarily passing the fish channel by using the low water head barrage, which comprises the following steps:
s01, defining main fish passing objects and determining the critical swimming flow rate of the fish passing objects;
the fish passing object selects the dominant fish species and the special fish species mainly according to the fish resource condition in the river channel where the application scene of the temporary fish passing channel is located. The dominant fish species are mainly obtained by fish resource investigation; the special fish species are mainly grown and bred with migration requirements, are endangered and extincted and are required to be damaged by downstream habitats to finish the growth and breeding through backtracking. The fish object needs to be determined, fish resource conditions of the river channel need to be known, fishery resource investigation needs to be carried out, precious species, dominant species, local peculiar species and the like need to be determined, and meanwhile habits of the precious species, the dominant species and the local peculiar species need to be known.
And the critical swimming flow velocity v of the fish-passing object c The determination can be obtained by inquiring research results of related scholars or by carrying out fish swimming ability test research, and the swimming ability index of the main fish passing object is determined to be the critical swimming flow rate.
S02, acquiring the height Z of a weir dam and the upstream and downstream water level difference H;
s03, calculating the number n of the intermediate partition plates according to the information obtained in the S01 and the S02:
wherein g is gravity acceleration and is 9.81m/s 2 And k is a flow velocity coefficient,
the speed coefficient can be 0.85-0.90;
s04, calculating the water level difference delta h of the middle partition plate:
critical swimming according to fish-passing objectSwimming flow velocity v c The number of the middle partition plates and the water level difference of the middle partition plates are determined, so that the inclination angle of the fish passing unit meets the living habit of the fish passing object, the problem that the fish passing object cannot move upstream due to the fact that the slope of the bottom slope of the fish passing unit is too large is avoided, and the fish passing object can smoothly move from one middle partition plate to the next middle partition plate.
S05, determining a bottom slope i of the temporary fish passing channel according to the length W of the single pond room and the thickness d of the middle partition plate:
an independent pool chamber is arranged between two adjacent middle partition plates;
s06, calculating the total length L of the fish channel according to the information obtained in the S01-S05:
further, a temporary fish passing channel is determined according to the design parameters, a proper intermediate partition plate form is selected, and corresponding hydrodynamic condition research and demonstration are carried out. Hydrodynamic condition demonstration mainly adopts three-dimensional mathematical models, hydraulic physical models, field tests and other means at present. The three-dimensional mathematical model is relatively low in cost and relatively flexible in adjustment and optimization design. The hydraulic physical model is more reliable and close to the actual situation, but has higher cost and longer period. The field test is to directly install the designed finished product on the target dam and then carry out the field observation test, and is limited by field conditions, the observation period is longer, the modification and optimization procedures are relatively complex, the cost is the largest, but the effect is the most obvious.
The detachable fish passing units which can be spliced are assembled into the fish passing channel, and the gradient of the fish passing channel can be adjusted through the lifting unit, so that the fish passing channel has the advantages of wide application range, no influence on flood discharge of a river channel, good and convenient operation and maintenance; the temporary fish passing channel has simple structure, easy assembly and small construction investment, and can be applied to various low water head barrages. According to the invention, the position of the middle partition plate can be adjusted according to the water flow condition and the fish school passing condition by arranging the adjusting channel and the adjusting assembly, so that the fish school passing probability is improved. Therefore, the temporary fish passing channel and the fish passing method for the low-head barrage are wide in application range, low in construction difficulty, small in interference to the main barrage, detachable and easy to splice.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing an application of a low head weir temporary fish passageway according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a fish passing unit in a temporary fish passing passage according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an assembled structure of the fish unit shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fish passing unit of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an adjusting assembly in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a side view of the adjustment base of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the adjustment base of FIG. 6 taken along line C-C;
FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of the bumper beam shown in FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a portion E of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a design dimension measurement diagram of the intermediate diaphragm in example 1;
fig. 11 is a schematic perspective view of a fish passing unit in a temporary fish passing passage according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the assembled structure of the fish unit of FIG. 11;
FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of a guide block in a temporary fish passage according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the guide block of FIG. 13 engaged with a fish unit;
FIG. 15 is a design dimension measurement diagram of the intermediate diaphragm in example 2;
FIG. 16 is a design flow diagram of the present invention;
reference numbers: a weir dam 100; a fish passage 10; an outlet end 11; an inlet end 12; an auxiliary channel 13; a fish passing unit 20; a rectangular groove 21; the regulating channel 211; a chute 212; a middle partition 22; a fish passing hole 221; an adjustment assembly 30; an adjustment base member 31; a connecting member 32; a rotating shaft 33; a swing arm 34; a pulley 35; a fixing lever 36; a first connecting rod 37; a second connecting rod 38; a connecting plate 39; a buffer column 41; a flow guide groove 411; a guide serration 412; a counterweight 42; a slide block 43; a guide block 50; a buffer hole 51; a buffer block 52; a lifting unit 60; a foot seat 61; a hydraulic rod 62; a combining unit 70.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings:
example 1:
fig. 1 to 10 schematically show a low head barrage temporary fish passageway according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figures, the device comprises fish passing units 20, a lifting unit 60 and a combination unit 70, wherein a plurality of fish passing units 20 are sequentially connected end to form a fish passing channel 10, the lifting unit 60 is arranged at the bottom of the fish passing units 20, and the height of the fish passing units 20 can be adjusted, so that the fish passing channel 10 is a continuous channel with a certain gradient. The combined unit 70 comprises a sealing member for sealingly connecting two adjacent fish passing units 20. The top end of the fish passage 10 is an outlet end 11 which is connected with a fish-passing down-hole on the barrage 100, and the bottom end of the fish passage 10 is an inlet end 12 which is immersed in the water flow at one side of the barrage 100.
Specifically, the fish passing unit 20 comprises a rectangular groove 21, a middle partition plate 22 is arranged in the rectangular groove 21, the middle partition plate 22 is vertically arranged, the edge of the middle partition plate 22 is connected with the inner wall of the rectangular groove 21, a fish passing hole 221 is further arranged on the middle partition plate 22, and migratory fishes in the river channel can easily pass through the fish passing hole 221 after entering the fish passing channel 10 from the inlet end 12 and continue to move upwards.
The rectangular groove 21 is made of iron sheet, the rigidity is excellent, the length of the rectangular groove is generally 1.0-2.5 m, the installation and the operation are flexible and convenient, the water passing width B is generally 0.5-1.5 m, the water passing height is generally 0.7-1.2 m, the fish passing efficiency and the convenient manufacturing and installation are considered, the length of the rectangular groove 21 is 1.0m in the embodiment, the water passing height is 0.7m, and the rectangular groove is selected according to the type of the fish passing hole opening 221 on the intermediate partition plate 22.
Two adjacent rectangular grooves 21 are connected in a sealing manner through a sealing element. The sealing element comprises a fastening bolt and a sealing gasket, two adjacent rectangular grooves 21 are fixedly connected through the fastening bolt, and the sealing gasket is arranged between the opposite side faces of the two rectangular grooves 21. In addition, two terminal surfaces of rectangular groove 21 can set up to the mortise-tenon joint structure that can link up each other, pass through the stability of fish passageway 10 through the tenon joint reinforcing.
The lifting unit 60 is disposed at the bottom of the rectangular groove 21 and includes a foot 61 and a hydraulic rod 62. The foot seats 61 are connected with the bottom surface of the rectangular groove 21, the hydraulic rods 62 are vertically arranged, the bottoms of the foot seats 61 are connected with the movable ends of the hydraulic rods 62, and the hydraulic rods 62 can drive the rectangular groove 21 to move back and forth in the arrangement direction. Specifically, four foot seats 61 are respectively arranged at four corners of the bottom of the rectangular groove 21, and the foot seats 61 contain a protective shell made of elastic materials such as rubber, and the angle between the foot seats and the hydraulic rod 62 can be adjusted within a certain range. The height of the four corners of the rectangular groove 21 can be adjusted by four hydraulic rods 62, so that it can be adjusted to a desired slope and be balanced. The maximum lifting amplitude of the hydraulic rod 62 is ± 1m. The rectangular grooves 21 are connected end to form a continuous smooth fish passing channel 10 with a certain gradient.
An auxiliary channel 13 is further arranged on the side of the fish passing channel 10, the top end of the auxiliary channel 13 is connected with the middle of the fish passing channel 10, the bottom end of the auxiliary channel 13 is immersed in water flow and is located between the weir dam 100 and the bottom end of the fish passing channel 10, so that the auxiliary channel 13 is in cross connection with the fish passing channel 10, and fishes gathered at the bottom of the side surface of the weir dam 100 can swim upwards through the auxiliary channel 13 and then enter the fish passing channel 10. Therefore, the fish can enter from multiple directions, and the entering probability of the fish school is improved.
The intermediate partition 22 is provided with an adjusting assembly 30 at both sides thereof. An adjusting channel 211 is arranged on the inner wall of the rectangular groove 21, the adjusting channel 211 is arranged opposite to the edge of the middle partition plate 22, specifically, a sliding groove 212 in the vertical direction is arranged on the inner side wall of the rectangular groove 21, and two side edges of the middle partition plate 22 are embedded in the sliding groove 212 and can move up and down along the sliding groove 212. One end of the adjusting channel 211 is communicated with the sliding groove 212, the other end of the adjusting channel is arranged in the side wall of the rectangular groove 21, and the whole adjusting channel 211 is a bent blind hole channel.
An adjusting assembly 30 is arranged in the adjusting channel 211, the adjusting assembly 30 can move back and forth along the adjusting channel 211, and one end of the adjusting assembly 30, which is close to the middle partition plate 22, is connected with the side wall of the middle partition plate 22 through a fixing rod 36, so that the partition plate can be driven to move up and down in the moving process.
Specifically, the regulating passage 211 extends outward from the middle portion of the side wall near the rectangular groove 21, and the regulating passage 211 is gradually curved upward in the direction in which it extends outward. Therefore, the adjusting assembly 30 can drive the middle partition plate 22 to move up and down in the process of reciprocating in the adjusting channel 211 under the impact of water flow and the action of the middle partition plate 22 when fish shoals swim over, the position of the fish hole opening 221 is adjusted, and the damage of the middle partition plate 22 to the fish body is avoided.
The adjusting component 30 comprises a plurality of end-to-end adjusting base pieces 31, the adjusting base pieces 31 are transversely arranged in the adjusting channel 211, the cylindrical structures with inner cavities are formed by processing light materials, and holes are formed in the side walls of the adjusting base pieces 31 and used for communicating the inner cavities with the outside.
Two adjacent adjusting base members 31 are connected by a connecting member 32, the connecting member 32 includes a rotating shaft 33 and two connecting arms, each of which has one end connected to the rotating shaft 33 and the other end connected to one of the adjusting base members 31, so that the adjusting base members 31 can rotate about the rotating shaft 33; therefore, the angle of the adjusting base member 31 can be adjusted along with the trend of the adjusting channel 211, and the smooth operation of the adjusting component 30 is ensured.
The adjusting base 31 is further provided with a swing arm 34, one end of the swing arm 34 is rotatably connected with the adjusting base 31, and the other end is slidably connected with the inner wall of the adjusting channel 211. The outer wall of the adjusting base member 31 is provided with a rotating shaft 33, the rotating shaft 33 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the adjusting base member 31, and one end of the swing arm 34 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 33 and can rotate around the rotating shaft 33. A plurality of swing arms 34 are radial homodisperse setting in the outside of adjusting the base member 31, guarantee to adjust base member 31 atress balance, guarantee the stationarity that adjusting part 30 removed.
One adjusting base piece 31 of the adjusting assembly 30, which is closest to the middle partition 22, is connected with the side edge of the middle partition 22 through a fixing rod 36, one adjusting base piece 31 of the adjusting assembly 30, which is farthest from the middle partition 22, is provided with a first connecting rod 37 at one end far away from the middle partition 22, a second connecting rod 38 is arranged at one end far away from the middle partition 22 on the adjusting channel 211, and the free end of the first connecting rod 37 is opposite to the free end of the second connecting rod 38 and is sleeved in the same spring. A connecting plate 39 is fixedly arranged at one end of the second connecting rod 38 far away from the first connecting rod 37, and the edge of the connecting plate 39 is abutted against the inner wall of the adjusting channel 211. One end of the spring is fixedly connected with the connecting plate 39, and the other end is fixedly connected with the adjusting base member 31 at the tail end. In this way, the adjusting assembly 30 is elastically displaced in the adjusting channel 211, and the intermediate partition 22 is elastically moved up and down.
Under the drive of the spring, the adjusting component 30 moves stably along the bent adjusting channel 211, so that the phenomenon that the frequency of the up-and-down movement or the swinging of the intermediate partition plate 22 is too high and too fast due to too high moving speed can be avoided, and the phenomenon that the turbulent flow is formed when water flows through the intermediate partition plate 22 and the fish school passes through the water flow is avoided.
During the dry season, the water quantity in the river is less, the water quantity discharged downstream from the reservoir through the weir dam 100 is increased, and the water flow entering the fish passage 10 is large and fast in flow speed. The volume of the adjusting base member 31 immersed in the water flow in the adjusting assembly 30 becomes larger, the buoyancy force applied to the adjusting assembly 30 becomes larger, the impact force of the water flow on the adjusting assembly 30 also becomes larger, and the adjusting base member 31 can compress the spring towards the inner part along the adjusting channel 211 and drive the middle partition plate 22 to move upwards greatly. In the rich water period, the water in the river channel is sufficient, the water discharged from the barrage 100 is less, and the flow of the water entering the fish passing channel 10 is reduced and the flow speed is slower. The volume of the adjusting base piece 31 immersed in the water flow in the adjusting assembly 30 is reduced, the buoyancy force applied to the adjusting base piece is reduced, the impact force of the water flow on the adjusting assembly 30 is also reduced, the adjusting base piece 31 can move towards the middle direction of the rectangular groove 21 along the adjusting channel 211 under the action of the elastic force of the spring until the adjusting base piece returns to the initial position, and the middle partition plate 22 is driven to move from top to bottom until the adjusting base piece contacts with the bottom of the rectangular groove 21. The adjusting assembly 30 drives the middle partition plate 22 to move up and down in the process of reciprocating in the adjusting channel 211, adjusts the position of the fish hole 221, and adjusts the flow of water flowing through the middle partition plate 22 in the fish channel 10, so as to ensure that fish school smoothly passes through the middle partition plate 22 and moves upstream.
Adjust the inside of base member 31 and be equipped with the cavity, the cavity communicates with the outer wall of adjusting base member 31. A buffer column 41, a balancing weight 42 and a sliding block 43 are arranged in the cavity; for adjusting the up and down displacement of the intermediate partition 22 and the water flow through the fish passage 10. Buffering post 41 transversely locates in the cavity, and balancing weight 42 locates the end of keeping away from intermediate bottom 22 on buffering post 41, and the sliding block 43 cover is established on buffering post 41 to sliding block 43 can slide along buffering post 41, and sliding block 43's edge and the inner wall butt of adjusting base member 31. The buffer column 41 is sleeved with the sliding block 43, and the sliding block can move along the axial direction of the buffer column 41 under the dual functions of the inertia of the adjusting base piece 31 and the water flow impact, so that the balance is kept, and the stability is further improved.
On the other hand, the water flow impacts the adjusting assembly 30 and flows between the plurality of adjusting base members 31, noise is easily generated by the impact of the water flow on the adjusting base members 31, and the plurality of adjusting base members 31 are impacted by the water flow and are limited by the connection therebetween, and noise is also easily generated during the movement. These noises have an effect on the fish population in the fish passage 10, tending to propel the fish population straight up away from the accommodation passage 211.
A guide groove 411 extending in the axial direction is provided in the side wall of the buffer column 41. The guiding gutter 411 can lead the rivers that get into in the cavity, and rivers can reduce the velocity of flow by the influence of guiding gutter 411 at the flow in-process in the cavity to adjust the flow direction under the guiding action of guiding gutter 411, form the vortex and/or the whirl in the small range, form the noise, release energy, reduce the impact force to adjusting base member 31.
Furthermore, the diversion trench 411 is extended from the outer side wall of the buffer column 41 to the axis in a shrinking shape, two rows of guiding saw teeth 412 are arranged at the notch position of the diversion trench 411, the guiding saw teeth 412 are bent inwards from the notch edge of the diversion trench, and the two rows of guiding saw teeth 412 which are correspondingly arranged up and down are arranged in a staggered and spaced mode to form a zigzag gap. The inside rivers of base member 31 is adjusted in the entering, when the buffering post 41 that flows through, partial water gets into guiding gutter 411 via direction sawtooth 412, reduces the velocity of water flow, and the stability of adjusting base member 31 is improved to the energy in the release water. On the other hand, the water flow changes the flow direction under the guiding action of the two rows of guiding sawteeth 412, and certain noise is generated, which is beneficial to driving the shoal of fish away from the adjusting channel 211.
In the temporary fish passing channel according to the embodiment, the fish passing objects are fishes of cyprinid and the like, and the design method is shown in fig. 16 and includes the following specific steps:
s01, determining main fish passing objects, in the embodiment, the main fish passing objects are fishes of Cyprinaceae and the like, and measuring the critical swimming flow velocity v of the fish passing objects through an AND experiment on swimming ability c 。
S02, the fish passing hole 221 on the middle partition plate 22 is of a hole opening type, is made of an iron plate or a steel plate, is most preferably made of wood, and the made side walls are required to be smooth and adapted to target fish species with large eye sizes and strong swimming capability, so that fishes in the family Cyprinaceae and the like can finish tracing at one time, the design size of the hole opening type middle partition plate is measured according to the graph 10, and the recommended size is as follows:
table 1 orifice type intermediate baffle 22 design size recommended units: m is
S03, manufacturing the fish unit 20 according to the recommended design size value of the partition plate, and installing a lifting unit 60.
Determining the number n of fish passing units 20 required by the fish passing channel 10 according to hydrological conditions such as the height Z of a low-water-head barrage erected on site, the water level difference H between upstream and downstream and the like:
wherein g is gravity acceleration and is 9.81m/s 2 And k is a flow velocity coefficient,
for speed coefficient, it can be 0.85-0.90.
S04, calculating the water level difference delta h of the middle partition plate 22:
s05, a single pond is arranged between the two middle partition plates 22, and the bottom slope i of the temporary fish passing channel is determined according to the length W of the single pond and the thickness d of the middle partition plates 22:
s06, calculating the total length L of the fish channel 10 according to the information obtained in the S01-S05:
finally, the required n fish passing units 20 are transported to the field for installation, and meanwhile, the optimization and adjustment of the fish passing channel 10 can be carried out according to the actual situation of the field. If the flow velocity in the fish passing channel 10 is too large, the research resistance can be increased by slowing down according to the gradient i, so that the flow velocity is reduced. The whole fish passing channel 10 can be put into use after debugging is finished, so that the upstream channel of the fishes is recovered, and physiological needs of upstream fattening propagation and the like of the fishes are facilitated. The maintenance is maintained to the removable maintenance that can dismantle after the fish up-date reproductive period finishes, treats that the installation of second year fish reproductive period uses, so reciprocal to realize 100 upstream and downstream fish habitat intercommunications of weir dam, protection fish population variety.
Example 2:
fig. 11 to 15 schematically show a low head weir temporary fish passageway according to another embodiment of the present invention, which is different from example 1 in that:
the fish passing unit 20 includes a rectangular groove 21 made of a steel plate, and is excellent in rigidity, and has a length of 2.5m, a water passing width of 1.5m, and a water passing height of 1.2m.
The fish passing hole 221 on the intermediate partition plate 22 is of a denier type, is suitable for target fish species with large mesh size and strong swimming capability, and can ensure that fishes of the family Cyprinaceae and the like can finish the tracing at one time, the design size of the denier type intermediate partition plate 22 is measured according to the graph 14, and the recommended values are as follows:
TABLE 2 recommended design size of denier type separator
Wherein Ws is the distance between two adjacent intermediate partitions 22 in the fish passage 20.
The denier type intermediate partition 22 is generally made of iron plate or steel plate, preferably made of wood, and the made side walls are smooth so as not to hurt the upstream fishes. The minimum water depth h is not less than 0.35m.
The front side and the rear side of the middle partition plate 22 are both provided with guide blocks 50, the guide blocks 50 are in a crescent structure and are positioned on the left side and the right side of the fish passing hole 221, one end of each guide block 50 is hinged with the top of the side surface of the middle partition plate 22, and the other end of each guide block can rotate around a hinged shaft.
A plurality of buffer holes 51 are formed in the guide block 50, and the opening direction of the buffer holes 51 is perpendicular to the flow direction of the water flow. A buffer block 52 is provided in the buffer hole 51, and the buffer block 52 can move in the buffer hole 51.
The guide blocks 50 guide the water flow on both sides of the middle partition plate 22, guide the water flow on both sides of the rectangular groove 21 to flow in the direction of the fish-passing hole 221 on both sides of the middle partition plate 22, and form certain noise on both sides of the fish-passing hole 221, so that the shoal is made to move straight and upward through the fish-passing hole 221, thereby preventing the shoal from moving to the side of the rectangular groove 21, and avoiding the damage to the fish body caused by the adjusting assembly 30 and the like.
In the process that the middle partition plate 22 moves up and down, the guide block 50 is driven by the middle partition plate 22, under the impact of water flow and the inertia of the guide block, the free end of the guide block 50 swings back and forth around the hinge shaft, the distance between the free end of the guide block and the middle partition plate 22 is enlarged or reduced, the water flow is cut and guided, and fish shoals can pass through the middle partition plate 22. On the other hand, the guide plate is crescent and has smooth surface curved surface, so that the damage to the fish body is small in the collision process with the fish school; moreover, the guide plate can also reduce the probability that the fish directly impact the middle partition plate 22 and strengthen the protection effect on the middle partition plate 22.
The embodiments described above are intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention in detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modification, supplement or similar substitution made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A temporary fish passing channel of a low-water-head barrage comprises a plurality of fish passing units (20), and is characterized in that the fish passing units (20) are matched with a lifting unit (60) and a combination unit (70);
the fish passing unit (20) comprises a rectangular groove (21), a middle partition plate (22) is arranged inside the rectangular groove (21), and a fish passing hole (221) is arranged on the middle partition plate (22);
the lifting unit (60) is arranged below the fish passing unit (20) and comprises a foot seat (61) and a hydraulic rod (62), the foot seat (61) is connected with the bottom surface of the rectangular groove (21), the hydraulic rod (62) is vertically arranged, and the bottom of the foot seat (61) is connected with the movable end of the hydraulic rod (62);
the combined unit (70) comprises a sealing member for sealing and connecting a plurality of the rectangular grooves (21) to form a fish passage (10); the bottom end of the fish passage (10) is immersed in the water flow at one side of the weir dam (100);
an auxiliary channel (13) is arranged on the side of the fish passing channel (10), the top end of the auxiliary channel (13) is connected with the middle part of the fish passing channel (10), and the bottom end of the auxiliary channel (13) is immersed in water flow and is positioned between the weir dam (100) and the bottom end of the fish passing channel (10);
adjusting assemblies (30) are arranged on two sides of the middle partition plate (22), adjusting channels (211) are arranged on the side walls of the rectangular grooves (21), and the adjusting channels (211) are bent upwards; the adjusting assembly (30) is arranged in the adjusting channel (211), and the adjusting assembly (30) can move in the adjusting channel (211);
the adjusting assembly (30) comprises a plurality of adjusting base parts (31) which are connected end to end, and two adjacent adjusting base parts (31) are rotatably connected;
a second connecting rod (38) is arranged at one end, far away from the middle partition plate (22), of the adjusting channel (211), a first connecting rod (37) is arranged at one end, far away from the middle partition plate (22), of the adjusting assembly (30), and the first connecting rod (37) is elastically connected with the second connecting rod (38);
the construction of the temporary fish passage of the low-water-head barrage comprises the following steps:
s01, defining main fish passing objects and determining critical swimming flow velocity v of the fish passing objects c ；
S02, acquiring the height Z of the weir dam (100) and the upstream and downstream water level difference H;
s03, calculating the number n of the intermediate partition plates (22) according to the information obtained in the S01 and the S02:
wherein g is gravity acceleration, k is flow velocity coefficient,
is the velocity coefficient;
s04, calculating the water level difference delta h of the middle partition plate (22):
s05, a single pool chamber is arranged between two adjacent middle partition plates (22), and according to the length W of the single pool chamber and the thickness d of the middle partition plates (22), the bottom slope i of the temporary fish passing channel is determined:
s06, calculating the total length L of the fish channel (10) according to the information obtained in the S01-S05:
2. a low head weir temporary fish passageway according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting base (31) is provided with a swing arm (34), one end of the swing arm (34) is rotatably connected with the side wall of the adjusting base (31), the other end of the swing arm (34) is provided with a pulley (35), and the pulley (35) is slidably connected with the inner wall of the adjusting passageway (211).
3. The temporary fish passing channel of the low water head barrage as claimed in claim 1, wherein a cavity is arranged in the adjusting base element (31), and a buffer column (41), a balancing weight (42) and a sliding block (43) are arranged in the cavity;
buffer column (41) transversely locate in the cavity, balancing weight (42) are located keep away from on buffer column (41) the end of intermediate bottom (22), sliding block (43) cover is established on buffer column (41), and sliding block (43) can be followed buffer column (41) slide, the edge of sliding block (43) with adjust the inner wall butt of base member (31).
4. A temporary fish passageway according to claim 3, wherein the buffer posts (41) are provided with axially extending guide grooves (411) in the side walls thereof.
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| JP3760338B2 (en) * | 2001-08-27 | 2006-03-29 | 章雄 飯田 | Rolling gate |
| RU2274703C1 (en) * | 2004-11-17 | 2006-04-20 | Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Новочеркасская государственная мелиоративная академия" ФГОУ ВПО (НГМА) | Fish pass |
| CN101703023A (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2010-05-12 | 史建全 | Anadromous fish pass channel for Gymnocypris przewalskii |
| CN102900055B (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2014-12-31 | 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所 | Fish passageway and fish passageway building method for low-waterhead dam |
| CN104343106B (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2015-12-09 | 浙江省水利水电勘测设计院 | A kind of fish pass active clapboard device |
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