CN105603943A - Tunnel type nature fishway imitated fish-barring lifting device and method - Google Patents
Tunnel type nature fishway imitated fish-barring lifting device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105603943A CN105603943A CN201510999029.XA CN201510999029A CN105603943A CN 105603943 A CN105603943 A CN 105603943A CN 201510999029 A CN201510999029 A CN 201510999029A CN 105603943 A CN105603943 A CN 105603943A
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- fish
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- fishway
- fish pass
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
- E02B8/085—Devices allowing fish migration, e.g. fish traps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones
Abstract
The invention discloses a novel tunnel type nature fishway imitated fish-barring lifting device and relates to a fish passing facility for solving the upstream going problem of migratory fishes through a building across a river. The tunnel type nature fishway imitated fish-barring lifting device comprises a fishway inlet, a fishway inlet section, a tunnel connecting the inlet section with an outlet section, a fishway outlet and a fishway outlet section, wherein the fishway inlet and the fishway inlet section are connected with a downstream waterbed, the fishway outlet and the fishway outlet section are connected with an upstream reservoir. The tunnel type nature fishway imitated fish-barring lifting device comprises a fish-barring electric grid and a fish barring and collecting transfer system of a lifting transfer device. The tunnel type nature fishway imitated fish-barring lifting device is adopted for a water conservancy and hydropower junction in a high-mountain and defile region, can adapt to substantial change of reservoir water level and narrow-riverbed terrain, provides water temperature, flow and flowing speed suitable for migration of the migratory fishes, can simulate a natural aquatic environment of the river and decreases the excavated volume more remarkably, and no artificial high and steep slope is formed. In addition, a tunnel type imitated nature fishway is smaller in occupied area, water and soil loss caused by open cutting is reduced, and the influence on the ecological environment including terrestrial plants, animals and the like is smaller.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hydraulic engineering and field of environmental engineering, relate to a kind of logical for solving straddling fish stocksCross the fish pass structure that barrage building traces back, say that more specifically a kind of novel tunnel formula imitates nature fish passThe method of blocking fish lifting means and use thereof.
Background technology
Migration be fish because of impacts such as physiological requirement, heredity and external environment factors, cause periodicallyDirected coming and going moved. Migration is a kind of feature that fish form in system generating process, is fish pairThe one of environment adapts to for a long time, and it can make population obtain more favourable life condition, better after procreationGeneration. And now, the mankind, in order to obtain water energy, build dam on natural river, blockThe migration passage of fish, heavy damage the natural ecological environment in river. The mankind are in order to remedy riverThe destruction that stream causes, at the multiple fish pass structure of having built when dam design and construction, helps migrantGroup crosses dam. Fish pass belongs to one the most frequently used in fish pass structure.
Having the lower reache of dam of fish pass, what the migration shoal of fish was flowed out by fish pass import luresFish and water stream finds fish pass import, swims into fish pass main body by fish pass import, finally swim to fishway exit,Swim into upper reach, complete and climb over upstream migration of dam.
Along with China's construction of hydropower facilities advances to upstream, river course, tend to run into, river course two narrow in riverbedIn the landform such as bank massif height is steep, choose the situation of dam site. In this case, riverbed tends to by flood dischargeBuilding is occupied, causes fish pass to be difficult to arrange. Generally, the requirement of arranging according to fish pass,Precipitous and the riverbed narrow zone in landform, fish pass can only be arranged in the steep massif of height on Power Plant sideOn. In the prior art, while building the fish pass in above-mentioned landform, the mode of the open cut of employing, needsDeep excavation massif, can form high steep excavation slope in fish pass both sides. In order to ensure excavation slopeStable, ensure the safe operation of fish pass, the side slope supporting that needs reinforcement. Thus,, river narrow in riverbedIn the high steep landform of two sides, road massif, build fish pass, not only excavation project amount is large, slope reinforcement supportingDesign and construction technique difficulty is high, the involving great expense of whole engineering, and building the same of this kind of fish passTime, massif profoundly excavates, and causes soil erosion, has destroyed the original ecological ring of terrestrial organism on mountainBorder.
For overcoming above-mentioned shortcoming and deficiency, design the imitative nature fish pass of a kind of tunnel formula, can ensure to whirlSwimming fish group date back near upstream. But, cause greatly general owing to swimming across fish and water level amplitude in some engineeringLogical fishway exit arrangement is difficult to adapt to so large range of stage; Simultaneously because water levels of upstream and downstream is poorMake greatly the main body of the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula long, the migration shoal of fish is a large amount of in the cost of fish pass main body domestic demandTime could be swum and be traceed back to upper water territory. Cross dam and adapt to the larger fish excessively in upstream for accelerating fish migrationRange of stage, has designed the special transhipment and the lifting means that match with the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula, protectsThe card migration shoal of fish crosses fast dam and enters waters, upstream.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of tunnel formula to imitate natureFish pass block fish lifting means, be arranged on the fish pass main body of the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula and fishway exit itBetween fishway exit section in, the both sides of fishway exit section are outlet section side wall, two outlet section side walls itBetween be disposed with along flow path direction against the current: downstream is moved electric fish screen, is promoted transloading equipment, fish gathering railway carriage or compartment,Upstream is fixed electric fish screen, dash breastwork and is gone out port strobe; Upper water between two outlet section side wallsDark h; On the base plate of the fishway exit section between dash breastwork and lifting transloading equipment, be also provided with the power of disappearingPond; In fishway exit, be provided with Stoplog gate.
In technique scheme, the fish pass main body of the described imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula is arranged on power station factoryMassif inside, connection underwater bed and the upper pond waters on side, room; The fish pass import of fish pass main bodyBe arranged in the underwater bed of Power Plant; The fishway exit of fish pass main body is arranged on the upper of Power PlantIn swimming storehouse; Fish pass main body by be positioned at both sides sidewall, be positioned at the base plate of bottom and be positioned at the top at topArch composition; In fish pass main body, be provided with multiple contraction sections fish pass main body is spaced apart to chamber, multiple fish pass pond;The fish perps of crossing on each contraction section is communicated with adjacent chamber, two fish pass ponds.
In technique scheme, described outlet gate locating, in the upstream of dash breastwork one side, exportsMore than the top of gate is arranged on dash breastwork bottom, going out port strobe is plain batton door structure.
In technique scheme, the depth of water between two outlet section side walls is 1 meter～3 meters, two outletsThe spacing of section side wall is no less than long 2 times of the longest the fish eyes standard type; Between fish pass main body and Stoplog gateDistance is no less than the spacing of two outlet section side walls of 5 times, is apart 1 between Stoplog gate and dash breastworkRice～5 meters, the height that goes out port strobe is at least 3 meters.
In technique scheme, described stiling basin is sinkage type structure, and both sides are dash breastwork, onTrip side is slope, and downstream is vertical plane, bottom surface level; The longitudinal length of stiling basin, vertically darkDegree all has flood discharge usefulness calculative determination. The upstream side distance of stiling basin goes out port strobe and is no less than 0.5 meter, disappearsThe downstream in power pond is no less than 0.5 meter apart from promoting transloading equipment.
In technique scheme, it is 0.5 meter apart from the minimum range of fish pass main body that electric fish screen is moved in downstream～1.5 meters; It is 0.5 meter～1.5 meters apart from the minimum range that promotes transloading equipment that electric fish screen is moved in downstream;Fish gathering railway carriage or compartment is arranged on and promotes transloading equipment inside, vertically moves; Described fish gathering railway carriage or compartment laterallyWidth is greater than the spacing of two outlet section side walls, and the two differs and be no more than 2 meters, fish gathering railway carriage or compartment longitudinallyLength is no less than 1 meter; Downstream is moved electric fish screen to the minimum range in fish gathering railway carriage or compartment and is greater than 1 meter, upstreamFixing electric fish screen is greater than 1 meter apart from fish gathering railway carriage or compartment.
The fish lifting means situation different according to upper pond level of blocking of the imitative nature fish pass of this tunnel formula, takesFollowing measure:
1) in the time that upper pond level is too low:
Upstream depth of water h between outlet section side wall during lower than 1 meter, closes out port strobe.
2) in the time that upper pond level is normal:
In the time that the upstream depth of water h between outlet section side wall is 1 meter～3 meters, go out port strobe and all open,Stoplog gate standard-sized sheet.
3) in the time that upper pond level is higher:
In the time that the upstream depth of water h between outlet section side wall is greater than 3 meters, first close out port strobe; SoIn backward outlet portal gate slot, put into part Stoplog gate, the depth of water more than Stoplog gate is adjusted to 1 meter～3 metersScope in; Then can open out port strobe in part.
While utilizing the blocking fish lifting means and help the shoal of fish to cross dam of the imitative nature fish pass of this tunnel formula, work as migrantClass is swum out of after fish pass main body, enters in upper pond through following steps:
Step 1: start the fixing electric fish screen in upstream and downstream and move electric fish screen, downstream is moved and blocked fishElectricity grid start upstream direction from farthest, downstream and move; Straddling fish stocks are intercepted at upstream and fixedly block fishMove between electric fish screen in electricity grid and downstream;
Step 2: fish gathering railway carriage or compartment is positioned at minimum point, downstream is moved electric fish screen upstream direction and is moved to endPoint, straddling fish stocks are driven in fish gathering railway carriage or compartment;
Step 3: start and promote transloading equipment by the vertically upwards lifting of fish gathering railway carriage or compartment; Close simultaneouslyElectric fish screen is moved in the fixing electric fish screen in upstream and downstream, and downstream electric fish screen downstream is movedMoving;
Step 4: in the time that fish gathering railway carriage or compartment is promoted to peak higher than outlet section side wall, promoting transloading equipment willFish gathering railway carriage or compartment tilts and straddling fish stocks is poured in upper pond;
Step 5: playback after coming down in torrents and decline in fish gathering railway carriage or compartment;
Step 6: the initial position reducing as far as possible in fish gathering railway carriage or compartment, and electric fish screen position is moved in downstream simultaneouslyIn the initial position of farthest, downstream, complete the fish process of once crossing.
In technique scheme, the water velocity between two outlet section side walls be 0.5 meter per second～1.5 meter/Second.
Compared with traditional method, the invention has the advantages that:
One, the exit of blocking fish lifting means and be arranged on the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula, coordinates accordinglyThis fish pass is crossed fish. What use the present invention was designed blocks fish lifting means, can give full play to tunnel formula imitativeThe excavation convenience of nature fish pass, the obvious feature of energy dissipating, the fish effect excessively of guarantee fish pass.
Its two, the migration shoal of fish when dateing back the fishway exit section of upstream side in the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula,Often, due to the larger range of stage of the too high water-head of upstream and downstream and upstream, cannot directly enter upstreamWaters. One aspect of the present invention by Stoplog gate, dash breastwork, go out port strobe and stiling basin control entersIn fish pass main body, flow and the flow velocity of current meet the demands; On the other hand by fixing electric fish screen, movingMoving electric fish screen and promote transloading equipment, fish gathering railway carriage or compartment solve due on swim across that fish and water level amplitude is excessive to be causedFish outlet difficult arrangement, fish cannot overcome long and delayed compared with large head difference or fish pass main paragraphThe difficult problem of fish time.
Its three, under identical landform, geological conditions, the imitative nature fish pass pattern of tunnel formula and open cut formulaImitative nature fish pass layout pattern is compared, and saves largely excavation and support engineering amount.
Its four, because the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula is arranged in massif inside, take up an area surface area less, subtractLack the soil erosion causing because of open cut, to the eco-environmental impact of terrestrial plant, animal etc. alsoLittle;
Its five, the contraction section of fish pass body interior of the present invention setting replaces the concrete in conventional fish passDividing plate, can carry out energy dissipating to the current in fish pass main body preferably.
Its six, on base plate of the present invention and two side, be inlaid with cobble, build the point bar in riverEnvironment. Top in fish pass main body arranges lighting apparatus, can simulating nature light, reach naturally imitativeObject. The present invention has improved the connection condition in river courses, upstream and downstream, has slowed down engineering construction to fish etc.Hydrobiological obstruct impact.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the plane rough package drawing of the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula.
Fig. 2 is the plan structure schematic diagram of one section of fish pass main body of the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula.
Fig. 3 is the vertical profile structural representation of one section of fish pass main body of the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula.
Fig. 4 is the cutaway view at A-A place in Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is the cutaway view at B-B place in Fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is the plane rough package drawing that blocks fish lifting means of the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula.
Fig. 7 is the profile at C-C place in Fig. 6.
Wherein, fish pass import 1, fish pass import bulkhead gate 2, fish pass inducer 3, fish pass main body 4,Vault 4.1, sidewall 4.2, base plate 4.3, fishway exit section 5, goes out port strobe 6, fishway exit 7, electricityThe factory building 8 of standing, contraction section 9, long constriction plate 9.1, short constriction plate 9.2, cobble 10, crosses fish perps 11,Chamber, fish pass pond 12, lighting apparatus 13, underwater bed 14, upper pond 15, downstream is moved and is blocked fish electricityGrid 16, stiling basin 17, Stoplog gate 18, electric fish screen 19 is fixed in upstream, dash breastwork 20, outletSection side wall 21, promotes transloading equipment 22, fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23.
Detailed description of the invention
Describe performance of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but they do not form to of the present inventionLimit, only for example. By concrete enforcement, the present invention is described in more detail simultaneously.
As shown in Figure 1, the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula that the present invention is designed, it is mainly to utilize fish passMain body 4 connects the waters of underwater bed 14 and the upper pond 15 of Power Plant 8. Fish pass main body 4For tunnel formula, be arranged in the massif inside on Power Plant 8 sides. Consider upstream and downstream head difference etc.Factor, the depth of water in design fish pass main body (4) is 1.5 meters～2.5 meters. Whirling in investigation basin, river courseSwimming fish kind, records the kind of the longest migration shoal of fish, and using the longest dimension of these fish asGrew fish eyes standard type long.
The fish pass inducer 3 in fish pass main body 4 downstreams is near lower reaches of river side, and the fish pass of distal-most end entersMouth 1 is arranged on underwater bed 14. The base plate of this fish pass import 1 is arranged on the bank of underwater bed 14Below the water surface curve of slope. Fish pass import 1 and fish pass main body 4 between, inducer 3 is interior arranges fishRoad import bulkhead gate 2. The both sides of fish pass main body 4 are sidewall 4.2, and top is circular arc vault 4.1,Below is base plate 4.3, vault 4.1, sidewall 4.2 and base plate 4.3 seamless connection each other. Fish pass masterWhat body 4 adopted is reinforced concrete lining layer structure, makes full use of rock mass and reinforced concrete lining in massifBuild structure coaction, jointly bear the load of fish pass main body 4 outsides. In the complete operating mode of building, overhaulingUnder, utilize anchor pole that the rock mass of reinforced concrete lining layer structure and fish pass main body 4 outsides is unified,Jointly bear the load such as pressure from surrounding rock, osmotic pressure.
In the tunnel of described fish pass main body 4, contraction section 9 is set multiple by being partitioned in fish pass main body 4Chamber, fish pass pond 12. Each contraction section 9 is made up of a long constriction plate 9.1 and a short constriction plate 9.2,Long constriction plate 9.1 is rectangular slab block structure, and short constriction plate 9.2 is up-narrow and down-wide in horizontal water (flow) directionRight-angled trapezium plate structure. In the long constriction plate 9.1 and the short constriction plate 9.2 that belong to together in a contraction section 9Vertically, be relatively fixed on the cross section of fish pass main body 4. One side and the fish pass of long constriction plate 9.1One sidewall 4.2 of main body 4 is connected, the long bottom surface of constriction plate 9.1 and base plate 4.3 phases of fish pass main body 4Connect; One side of short constriction plate 9.2 is connected with another sidewall 4.2, the bottom surface of short constriction plate 9.2 and the endPlate 4.3 is connected. Long constriction plate 9.1 with short constriction plate 9.2 thickness on Parallel to the flow direction, verticalHeight in direction is all identical; The bottom surface of long constriction plate 9.1 does not contact with the bottom surface of short constriction plate 9.2.
Space between the long constriction plate 9.1 and the short constriction plate 9.2 that belong to together in a contraction section 9 formsCross fish perps 11. Long constriction plate 9.1 is 0.1 meter～0.3 meter with the thickness of short constriction plate 9.2, heightDegree is consistent with the depth of water in the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula, is generally taken as 1.5 meters～2.5 meters, and is greater thanGrew 2.5 times that fish eyes standard type is grown.
On the same sidewall 4.2 of tunnel in fish pass main body 4, each long constriction plate 9.1 and eachShort constriction plate 9.2 intervals are arranged. Two adjacent contraction sections 9 form chamber, a fish pass pond 12. Fish passThe width of chamber, pond 12 should be greater than long 2 times of the longest the fish eyes standard type, and the length L of chamber, fish pass pond 12 isThe longest the fish eyes standard type is long 2.5～3 times.
The vault 4.1 of described fish pass main body 4 is arc-shaped structure, and both sides connect respectively two sidewalls 4.2Top. Concrete, the tunnel height of this fish pass main body 4 is 4.75 meters, the width of base plate 4.3 is2.5 rice. In fish pass main body 4, a contraction section 9 is set, wherein long constriction plate 9.1 every 3 metersBe of a size of wide 1.4 meters, high 2.7 meters, thick 0.5 meter; That short constriction plate 9.2 is of a size of is wide 0.4 meter,Lower wide 0.8 meter, high 2.7 meters, thick 0.5 meter. Between long constriction plate 9.1 and short constriction plate 9.2, it was fishPerps 11, cross fish perps 11 below to be inlaid with thickness be the cobble 10 of 0.2 meter. Cross fish perps11 are of a size of: upper wide 0.7 meter, lower wide 0.33 meter, high 2.5 meters.
In tunnel in fish pass main body 4, directly over each contraction section 9 and each fish passOne group of lighting apparatus 13 of each layout directly over chamber, pond 12. Concrete, one group of lighting apparatus 13 is containing 3～10The bulb of individual equidistant arrangement, every group of bulb is arranged in the same of vault 4.1 or 12 middle parts, chamber, fish pass pondOn cross section. Described lighting apparatus 13 is selected bulb that can simulating nature light, after switching on power, and canWaters in fish pass main body 4 is illuminated, so that straddling fish stocks are traced back.
The part of contraction section 9 is not set on the two side 4.2 of fish pass main body 4 interior tunnels and base plate 4.3Be inlaid with cobble 10. Expose at the top of cobble 10, imitates the environment on natural river course and riverbank. And vaultThe illumination system, device 13 arranging on 4.1 can simulating nature light. At the environment on this kind of similar natural riverbankUnder, in fish pass main body 4, more approach the environment on nature riverbank, this shoal of fish that just makes migration in trip through instituteWhen stating fish pass main body 4, can more adapt to its environment.
As shown in Figure 1, the fishway exit section 5 of fish pass main body 4 upstream sides, near upper river side, is establishedPut in upper pond 15. The fishway exit 7 that the distal-most end of described fishway exit section 5 upstream sides is.The base plate of this fishway exit 7 is arranged on below the water surface curve of upper pond 15. At described fishway exit7 and fish pass main body 4 between, in fishway exit section 5, set out port strobe 6.
Described fish pass import bulkhead gate 2 and go out port strobe 6 and all can open or close. Work as fish passWhen going out port strobe 6 and closing, upstream current this fish pass main body 4 of not flowing through, the downstream migration shoal of fish also cannot profitDate back upper pond 15 with fish pass.
Suppose that water body in upper pond 15 is in the fish pass main body 4 interior formation of the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formulaThe depth of water is within the scope of 1.5～2.5 meters time, and the current tunnel formula of the present invention of can nothing serious flowing through is imitativeNature fish pass in and flow in downstream river 14, water flow process is as follows.
When fish pass import bulkhead gate 2 with while going out port strobe 6 all in opening, upper pond 15Water body enter fishway exit 7 and go out port strobe 6 by what open, flow to fishway exit section 5, subsequently streamEnter in fish pass main body 4. In chamber, fish pass pond 12 in fish pass main body 4, current enter this chamber, fish pass pond12 o'clock, long constriction plate 9.1 and short constriction plate 9.2 formed and hinder water, forced current through fish perps11, then current flowed out fish perps 11 and flow to chamber, next fish pass pond 12. Thus, contraction section 9 disappearsExcept the water energy being formed by 12 of chambers, the superior and the subordinate's fish pass pond drop, ensure the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formulaWater flow inside flow velocity is all the time in the suitable flow rates by fish object Burden-Swimming Ability of KM and ecological habit are determined excessivelyWithin.
Same, current are by each chamber, fish pass pond 12, until the chamber, fish pass pond that current are flowed through all12 rear final inflow fish pass inducers 3, flow out fish pass by the fish pass import bulkhead gate 2 of opening and enterMouth 1. Current fish pass import 1 place and near form attracting current in the waters of underwater bed 14,Finally these attracting current remittance lower reache that fades away.
Supposing has and need to cross dam to upstream in the waters, downstream of the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula of the present inventionThe migration shoal of fish of reservoir 15, this shoal of fish has the ability of recalling, and can perceive attracting current and findFish pass import 1, the fish principle excessively of the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula of the present invention is as follows.
The shoal of fish is experienced after attracting current on underwater bed 14, enters, by opening from fish pass import 1The fish pass import bulkhead gate 2 opening, trip, through fish pass inducer 3, is swum in fish pass main body 4. Fish subsequentlyGroup swims in chamber, fish pass pond 12, due to long constriction plate 9.1 and the short contraction of these chamber, fish pass pond 12 interior settingsPlate 9.2 has hindered the shoal of fish of migration, and the shoal of fish can only be swum into chamber, upper level fish pass pond by crossing fish perps 1112。
In fish pass main body 4, because flow rate of water flow is controlled at target and crosses perception flow velocity and the utmost point of fish objectIn limit flow rates, according to the habit of the migration shoal of fish, the shoal of fish can be sailed against the current trip through each fish passChamber, pond 12, and the shoal of fish can take a quick nap in fish pass rest pond, after antisecosis, continue trip toChamber, the preceding paragraph fish pass pond 12. In fish pass main body 4, between long constriction plate 9.1 is relative with short constriction plate 9.2Every layout, make the shoal of fish cross fish perps 11 with the path trip of " S " type through each. In fish pass main body 4Inside have cobble 10 and illuminator 13, in wet environment, the interior president of fish pass main body 4 has moss etc. to plantThing, has well imitated the natural environment on riverbank, and the shoal of fish has been easier to it and has whirled in familiar environmentThe process of trip. In the natural surroundings imitating in fish pass main body 4, the shoal of fish is swum through last chamber, fish pass pondAfter 12, finally swim into fishway exit section 5, swim out of fishway exit 7 by the port strobe 6 that goes out of opening, orFish gathering railway carriage or compartment in fish gathering transloading equipment, swims into upper pond 15.
As shown in Fig. 1,6 and 7, fishway exit 7 connects upper pond 15, is arranged in Power Plant 8On near upstream bank slope. Between the fish pass main body 4 and fishway exit 7 of the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formulaFor fishway exit section 5. The both sides of fishway exit section 5 are 21, two outlet section side walls of outlet section side wallBetween 21, be disposed with along flow path direction against the current: downstream moves electric fish screen 16, promotes transloading equipment 22,Fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23, upstream are fixed electric fish screen 19, dash breastwork 20 and go out port strobe 6. At dash breastwork20 and promote on the base plate of the fishway exit section 5 between transloading equipment 22 and be also provided with stiling basin 17.In fishway exit 7, the upstream side that goes out port strobe 6 is also provided with Stoplog gate 18.
The depth of water between two outlet section side walls 21 is 1 meter～3 meters, two outlet section side wall 21 spacingBe no less than long 2 times of the longest the fish eyes standard type; Distance between fish pass main body 4 and Stoplog gate 18 is manyIn two outlet section side wall 21 spacing of 5 times, between Stoplog gate 18 and dash breastwork 20, be apart 1Rice～5 meters, Stoplog gate 18 is checked the depth of water than upstream and is at least exceeded 0.5 meter.
Described stiling basin 17 is sinkage type structure, and both sides are dash breastwork 20, and upstream side is slope,Downstream is vertical plane, bottom surface level; Longitudinal length, the vertical degree of depth of stiling basin 17 all have flood discharge effectCan calculative determination.
The upstream side distance of stiling basin 17 goes out port strobe 6 and is no less than 0.5 meter, the downstream of stiling basin 17Distance promotes transloading equipment 22 and is no less than 0.5 meter; The fish pass main body thereby guarantee upland water is entered gentlyIn 4.
Downstream is moved electric fish screen 16 and is arranged on fish pass main body 4 and promotes between transloading equipment 22, andCan move forward and backward along outlet section side wall 21 at the two, to ensure whirling of swimming out of in fish pass main body 4Swimming fish group all drives to the fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23 promoting in transloading equipment 22.
It is 0.5 meter～1.5 meters apart from the minimum range of fish pass main body 4 that electric fish screen 16 is moved in downstream; UnderThe minimum range that moving electric fish screen 16 distances of vacillating promote transloading equipment 22 is 0.5 meter～1.5 meters;
Fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23 is arranged on and promotes transloading equipment 22 inside, vertically moves. When fish gathering railway carriage or compartment23 while moving to top, higher than the height of outlet section side wall 21. After this fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23 outreaches,The upstream lopsidedness of reservoir 15 pours into upper water by water wherein together with the migration shoal of fishIn storehouse 15, thereby ensure that the migration shoal of fish enters in waters, upstream.
It is large that the transverse width in described fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23 is compared two outlet section side wall 21 spacing, and the twoDiffer and be no more than 2 meters. The longitudinal length in fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23 is no less than 1 meter. Meanwhile, downstream is moved and is blocked fishElectricity grid 16 to the minimum range in fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23 is greater than 1 meter, and the fixing electric fish screen 19 in upstream is apart from fish gatheringRailway carriage or compartment 23 is greater than 1 meter.
Go out port strobe 6 and dash breastwork Shang Xia 20, front-back staggered is set together, co-controlling upstreamThe flow of water. Concrete, more than the top that goes out port strobe 6 is arranged on dash breastwork 20 bottoms; Go outWhen port strobe 6 is closed, its top is attached to the upstream side of bottom of dash breastwork 20 along horizontal water direction. Go outPort strobe 6 is plain batton door structure, can regulate according to water, control its aperture. Dash breastwork 20Force upland water to enter in fish pass main body 4 via the port strobe 6 that goes out of below, ensure two outlet sectionsThe depth of water between side wall 21 is 1 meter～3 meters, and can control the flow rate of water flow, the flow that add fish pass main bodyAnd water temperature is all in suitable scope.
In fishway exit 7, the upstream side that goes out port strobe 6 is also provided with Stoplog gate 18. Stoplog gate 18 is complied withAccording to upper pond level, transfer some joint stoplogs, progressively dash, adjusts, controls head, enters to controlWater velocity in fish pass main body 4 and water temperature.
Concrete, when upper pond level is different, take following measure:
1, in the time that upper pond level is too low:
Upstream depth of water h between outlet section side wall 21 during lower than 1 meter, closes out port strobe 6.
This situation generally only appears at dry season, often appears at the non-fish phase excessively dry season, river courseInside generally there is no the migration shoal of fish, their migrations that do not want help are to upper water territory.
2, in the time that upper pond level is normal:
In the time that the upstream depth of water h between outlet section side wall 21 is 1 meter～3 meters, goes out port strobe 6 and all openOpen, Stoplog gate 18 is all opened.
Now, current enter from upstream through fishway exit 7, and process fishway exit section 5 is in fish pass main body 4In cross fish perps 11 by each and enter each chamber, fish pass pond 12, finally flow out from fish pass import 1; LureWater guide stream lures straddling fish stocks to enter from fish pass import 1, crosses fish through each chamber, fish pass pond 12 and eachPerps 11, enters waters, upstream via fish pass main body 4, fishway exit section 5 and fishway exit 7.
This situation is the normal operation conditions of this cover facility, and in fish pass main body, the water velocity at every place is protectedCard is at 0.5 meter per second～1.5 meter per second, so that lure the migration shoal of fish.
3, in the time that upper pond level is higher:
In the time that the upstream depth of water h between outlet section side wall 21 is greater than 3 meters, first close out port strobe 6;Then in outlet portal gate slot, put into part Stoplog gate 18, the depth of water more than Stoplog gate is adjusted to 1 meterIn the scope of～3 meters; Then can open out port strobe 6 in part.
Now, current are crossed Stoplog gate 18 from fish outlet 7 enters, the outlet lock of opening by partDoor 6, discharge is controlled, and current are substantially smooth-going after stiling basin 17 energy dissipatings, enter fish pass main bodyThe 4 front depth of waters and fluidised form are within the scope of its design head; After this upper water of current and afore-mentioned 2Identical when position is normal, straddling fish stocks performance is also identical.
When straddling fish stocks are swum out of after fish pass main body 4, enter in upper pond 15 through following steps.
Step 1: start the fixing electric fish screen 19 in upstream and downstream and move electric fish screen 16, move in downstreamElectric fish screen 16 starts upstream direction from farthest, downstream and moves; It is solid that straddling fish stocks are intercepted at upstreamDetermining electric fish screen 19 and downstream moves between electric fish screen 16;
Step 2: fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23 is positioned at minimum point, downstream is moved electric fish screen 16 upstream direction and is movedMove to terminal, straddling fish stocks are driven in fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23;
Step 3: start and promote transloading equipment 22 by vertically upwards lifting of fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23; WithTime close the fixing electric fish screen 19 in upstream and electric fish screen 16 is moved in downstream, and downstream electric fish screen 22Downstream moves;
Step 4: in the time that fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23 is promoted to peak higher than outlet section side wall 21, promote transhipmentEquipment 22 tilts fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23 and by straddling fish stocks impouring upper pond 15;
Step 5: playback after coming down in torrents and decline in fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23;
Step 6: the initial position reducing as far as possible in fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23, electric fish screen 16 is moved in downstream simultaneouslyBe positioned at the initial position of farthest, downstream, complete the fish process of once crossing.
The imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula is the comprehensive arranged type of a kind of new fish pass structure in conjunction with blocking fish Hoisting SystemFormula, can adapt to the significantly variation of upstream reservoir level. On the water conservancy and hydropower hinge in high mountain defile area, repairWhile building fish pass, dig replacement open cut by hole, fish pass and tunnel combination are arranged in to massif inside, can be comparativelyHow to save quantities.
The Stoplog gate that tunnel outlet arranges is by stratified pumping, can provide suitable fish migration water temperature,Flow and flow velocity; Inside arranges contraction section and replaces concrete diaphragm in conventional fish pass and can simulate riverFlow condition is inlayed the natural material such as cobble and builds the point bar environment in river on bottom and sidewall,Tunnel top arranges illuminator simulating nature light, reaches imitative natural object, has improved upstream and downstreamThe connection condition in river course, having slowed down engineering construction affects hydrobiological obstruct.
Other unspecified part is prior art.
Claims (9)
- The imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula block a fish lifting means, be arranged on the imitative nature fish of tunnel formulaIn fishway exit section (5) between fish pass main body (4) and the fishway exit (7) in road, its feature existsIn: the both sides of fishway exit section (5) are outlet section side wall (21), two outlet section side walls (21)Between be disposed with along flow path direction against the current: downstream is moved electric fish screen (16), is promoted transloading equipment(22), fish gathering railway carriage or compartment (23), upstream are fixed electric fish screen (19), dash breastwork (20) and go outPort strobe (6); Upstream depth of water h between two outlet section side walls (21);The end of the fishway exit section (5) between dash breastwork (21) and lifting transloading equipment (22)On plate, be also provided with stiling basin (17);In fishway exit (7), be provided with Stoplog gate (18).
- The imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula according to claim 1 block fish lifting means, its featureBe: it is other that the fish pass main body (4) of the described imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula is arranged on Power Plant (8)The massif inside on limit, connection underwater bed (14) and upper pond (15) waters; Fish pass main body (4)Fish pass import (1) be arranged in the underwater bed (14) of Power Plant (8); Fish pass main body (4)Fishway exit (7) be arranged in the upper pond (15) of Power Plant (8);Fish pass main body (4) by be positioned at both sides sidewall (4.2), be positioned at bottom base plate (4.3) andBe positioned at crown (4.1) composition at top; In fish pass main body (4), being provided with multiple contraction sections (9) willFish pass main body (4) is spaced apart chamber, multiple fish pass pond (12);The fish perps (11) of crossing on each contraction section (9) is communicated with adjacent chamber, two fish pass ponds (12).
- The imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula according to claim 1 and 2 block fish lifting means, itsBe characterised in that: described upstream one side that goes out port strobe (6) and be arranged on dash breastwork (20), outletThe top of gate (6) is arranged on dash breastwork (20) more than bottom, goes out port strobe (6) for dull and stereotypedDoor.
- The imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula according to claim 1 and 2 block fish lifting means, itsBe characterised in that: the depth of water between two outlet section side walls (21) is 1 meter～3 meters, two outlet section sidesThe spacing of wall (21) is no less than long 2 times of the longest the fish eyes standard type; Fish pass main body (4) and Stoplog gate(18) distance between is no less than the spacing of two outlet section side walls (21) of 5 times, Stoplog gate (18)And be apart 1 meter～5 meters between dash breastwork (20), the height that goes out port strobe (6) is at least 3Rice.
- The imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula according to claim 1 and 2 block fish lifting means, itsBe characterised in that: described stiling basin (17) is sinkage type structure, and both sides are dash breastwork (21),Upstream side is slope, and downstream is vertical plane, bottom surface level; The longitudinal length of stiling basin (17),The vertical degree of depth all has flood discharge usefulness calculative determination.The upstream side distance of stiling basin (17) goes out port strobe (6) and is no less than 0.5 meter, stiling basin (17)Downstream apart from promote transloading equipment (22) be no less than 0.5 meter.
- The imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula according to claim 1 and 2 block fish lifting means, itsBe characterised in that: it is 0.5 apart from the minimum range of fish pass main body (4) that electric fish screen (16) is moved in downstreamRice～1.5 meters; The minimum range of electric fish screen (16) distance lifting transloading equipment (22) is moved in downstreamIt is 0.5 meter～1.5 meters;Fish gathering railway carriage or compartment (23) is arranged on and promotes transloading equipment (22) inside, vertically moves;The transverse width in described fish gathering railway carriage or compartment (23) is greater than the spacing of two outlet section side walls (21),And the two differs and is no more than 2 meters, the longitudinal length of fish gathering railway carriage or compartment (23) is no less than 1 meter; Move in downstreamElectric fish screen (16) is greater than 1 meter to the minimum range of fish gathering railway carriage or compartment (23), and electric fish screen is fixed in upstream(19) be greater than 1 meter apart from fish gathering railway carriage or compartment (23).
- 7. establish according to the fish lifting of blocking of the imitative nature fish pass of the tunnel formula described in any one in claim 1～6Standby method, is characterized in that:The situation different according to upper pond level, take following measure:1) in the time that upper pond level is too low:Upstream depth of water h between outlet section side wall (21) during lower than 1 meter, closes out port strobe (6).2) in the time that upper pond level is normal:In the time that the upstream depth of water h between outlet section side wall (21) is 1 meter～3 meters, go out port strobe (6)All open Stoplog gate (19) standard-sized sheet.3) in the time that upper pond level is higher:In the time that the upstream depth of water h between outlet section side wall (21) is greater than 3 meters, first close outlet lockDoor (6); Then in outlet portal gate slot, put into part Stoplog gate (18), by water more than Stoplog gateDeeply be adjusted in the scope of 1 meter～3 meters; Then can open out port strobe (6) in part.
- 8. establish according to the fish lifting of blocking of the imitative nature fish pass of the tunnel formula described in any one in claim 1～6Standby, it is characterized in that: when straddling fish stocks are swum out of after fish pass main body (4), enter through following stepsIn swimming storehouse (15):Step 1: start the fixing electric fish screen (19) in upstream and downstream and move electric fish screen (22),Downstream is moved electric fish screen (16) and is started upstream direction from farthest, downstream and move; Straddling fish stocks quiltInterception is fixed electric fish screen (19) and downstream and is moved between electric fish screen (16) in upstream;Step 2: fish gathering railway carriage or compartment (23) are positioned at minimum point, electric fish screen (16) is moved upstream in downstreamDirection moves to terminal, and straddling fish stocks are driven in fish gathering railway carriage or compartment (23);Step 3: start lifting transloading equipment (22) fish gathering railway carriage or compartment (23) are vertically upwards carriedRise; Close the fixing electric fish screen (19) in upstream and downstream simultaneously and move electric fish screen (16), andDownstream electric fish screen (16) downstream moves;Step 4: in the time that fish gathering railway carriage or compartment (23) are promoted to peak higher than outlet section side wall (21), carryRising transloading equipment (22) tilts fish gathering railway carriage or compartment (23) straddling fish stocks are poured into upper pond (15)In;Step 5: fish gathering railway carriage or compartment (23) playback and decline after coming down in torrents;Step 6: the initial position that reduce as far as possible fish gathering railway carriage or compartment (23), and simultaneously downstream is moved and is blocked fishElectricity grid (16) are positioned at the initial position of farthest, downstream, complete the fish process of once crossing.
- 9. establish according to the fish lifting of blocking of the imitative nature fish pass of the tunnel formula described in any one in claim 1～6Standby, it is characterized in that: the water velocity between two outlet section side walls (21) is 0.5 meter per second～1.5Meter per second.
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| CN106172274A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-07 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Carry out straddling fish stocks in fish pass observing the system and method gathered |
| CN106320294A (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-01-11 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Fishway adapted to downstream water level fluctuation |
| CN107034861A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-08-11 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of mixed type fish pass that can adapt to upstream high water-level amplitude |
| CN108570973A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-25 | 四川大学 | A kind of slot type fish gathering cup adapting to high-head dam different water depth luffing |
| CN109077004A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-12-25 | 四川大学 | A kind of fish constellation effect traces back the pilot system of locus model with fish |
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| CN110629727A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-12-31 | 福建省水利水电勘测设计研究院 | Hydraulic design method for novel bionic fishway at estuary |
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| CN108570973A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-25 | 四川大学 | A kind of slot type fish gathering cup adapting to high-head dam different water depth luffing |
| CN109077004B (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2021-04-13 | 四川大学 | Test system of fish cluster effect and fish upward-tracing track model |
| CN109077004A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-12-25 | 四川大学 | A kind of fish constellation effect traces back the pilot system of locus model with fish |
| CN109680659A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-26 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of water channeling type power station Overflow Section ecological reconstruction structure and method |
| CN110629727A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-12-31 | 福建省水利水电勘测设计研究院 | Hydraulic design method for novel bionic fishway at estuary |
| CN112376513A (en) * | 2020-10-31 | 2021-02-19 | 水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所 | Assembled fishway with variable gradient and variable-gradient control system |
| CN113774867A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-12-10 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Novel fishway pool chamber water supplementing system under high water head and large drop effect |
| CN113774867B (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2023-05-05 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Fishway pool chamber water supplementing system under high water head and large drop effect |
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