CN105603943B - What tunnel formula imitated nature fish pass blocks fish lifting means and method - Google Patents
What tunnel formula imitated nature fish pass blocks fish lifting means and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105603943B CN105603943B CN201510999029.XA CN201510999029A CN105603943B CN 105603943 B CN105603943 B CN 105603943B CN 201510999029 A CN201510999029 A CN 201510999029A CN 105603943 B CN105603943 B CN 105603943B
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Abstract
Fish lifting means is blocked the invention discloses a kind of imitative nature fish pass of new tunnel formula, is related to a kind of for solving the fish pass structure that straddling fish stocks are traced back by barrage building.Including：Connect fish pass import and the inducer of underwater bed；Connect the tunnel of inducer and outlet section；Connect the fishway exit and outlet section of upper pond；Fish fish gathering movement system is blocked including electric fish screen and lifting transloading equipment.Fish lifting means is blocked using the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula on the water conservancy and hydropower hinge in high mountain glen area, adapt to significantly change and the narrow landform in riverbed of reservoir level, water temperature, flow and the flow velocity of suitable fish migration are provided, and the natural aquatic environment in river can be simulated, excavated volume is greatly reduced, artificial high gradient slope will not be also formed.Meanwhile, the imitative nature fish pass occupation of land surface area of tunnel formula is less, reduces soil erosion caused by the system of Himdu logic is dug, also smaller to the eco-environmental impact of terrestrial plant, animal etc..
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hydraulic engineering and field of environmental engineering, it is related to one kind and is built for solving straddling fish stocks by barrage
The fish pass structure that thing is traced back, is in particular that a kind of new tunnel formula imitates blocking fish lifting means and its using for nature fish pass
Method.
Background technology
Migration is fish because of influences such as physiological requirement, heredity and outside environmental elements, causes periodically orientation to come and go and move
It is dynamic.Migration is a kind of feature that fish are formed in system generating process, is one kind long-term adaptation of the fish to environment, it can make
Population obtains more favourable life condition, preferably produces offspring.And now, the mankind are in order to be able to obtain water energy, in natural river
Upper build dam, blocked the migration passage of fish, the natural ecological environment in heavy damage river.The mankind are in order to mend
The destruction caused to river is rescued, a variety of fish pass structures of design and construction when building dam help the migration shoal of fish to cross dam.Fish
Road belongs to one kind the most frequently used in fish pass structure.
In the lower reache for the dam for having fish pass, the attracting current that the migration shoal of fish is flowed out by fish pass import are found
Fish pass import, is swum into fish pass main body by fish pass import, finally swum to fishway exit, is swum into upper reach, completion climbs over barrage
Dam upstream migration.
As China's construction of hydropower facilities is promoted to river course upstream, often run into riverbed is narrow, river course two sides massif is high steep
Etc. the situation that dam site is chosen in landform.In this case, riverbed causes fish pass to be difficult to often occupied by flood releasing structure
Arrangement.Generally, the requirement arranged according to fish pass, landform is precipitous and riverbed narrow zone, fish pass can only be arranged in electricity
On the high steep massif stood beside factory building.In the prior art, when building the fish pass in above-mentioned landform, the side of the open cut of use
Formula can form high steep excavation slope in fish pass both sides, it is necessary to profoundly excavate massif.In order to ensure the stabilization of excavation slope, protect
The safe operation of fish pass is demonstrate,proved, side slope needs reinforcement supporting.Thus, repaiied in the landform that riverbed is narrow, massif height in river course two sides is steep
Fish pass is built, not only excavation project amount is big, the design and construction technique difficulty of slope reinforcement supporting is high, the cost of whole engineering is held high
It is expensive, and while such a fish pass is built, massif is profoundly excavated, and causes soil erosion, destroys terrestrial organism on mountain
Original ecological environment.
To overcome disadvantages mentioned above and deficiency, devise a kind of tunnel formula and imitate nature fish pass, it is ensured that the migration shoal of fish is recalled
To upstream vicinity.But, crossing fish and water level amplitude due to some work upstreams causes greatly common fishway exit arrangement to be difficult to fit
Answer so big range of stage；Simultaneously because the big main body for make it that tunnel formula imitates nature fish pass of water levels of upstream and downstream difference is long, migration
The shoal of fish takes a significant amount of time to swim and traced back into upper water domain in fish pass main body domestic demand.Crossed to accelerate fish migration in dam and adaptation
The larger fish and water level amplitude excessively of trip, devises and imitates special transhipment and the lifting means that nature fish pass is engaged with tunnel formula, it is ensured that
The migration shoal of fish quickly crosses dam into upstream waters.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, fish is blocked it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula
Lifting means, is arranged in the fishway exit section that tunnel formula is imitated between the fish pass main body and fishway exit of nature fish pass, fish pass goes out
The both sides of mouth section are to be disposed between outlet section side wall, two outlet section side walls along inverse water (flow) direction：Lower downstream blocks fish
Electric grid, lifting transloading equipment, fish gathering railway carriage or compartment, upstream fix electric fish screen, dash breastwork and go out port strobe；Two outlet section side walls it
Between upstream depth of water h；Stiling basin is additionally provided with the bottom plate of fishway exit section between dash breastwork and lifting transloading equipment；
Stoplog gate is provided with fishway exit.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the fish pass main body of the imitative nature fish pass of described tunnel formula is arranged on the mountain beside Power Plant
Internal portion, connection underwater bed and upper pond waters；The fish pass import of fish pass main body is arranged on the underwater bed of Power Plant
It is interior；The fishway exit of fish pass main body is arranged in the upper pond of Power Plant；Fish pass main body by the side wall positioned at both sides, be located at
The bottom plate of bottom and the crown composition positioned at top；Multiple contraction sections are provided with fish pass main body by fish pass main body at intervals of multiple
Fish pass pond room；Fish perps of crossing on each contraction section connects adjacent two fish pass ponds room.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, described outlet gate locating goes out the top of port strobe in the upstream side of dash breastwork
It is arranged on more than dash breastwork bottom, goes out port strobe for flat board door.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the depth of water between two outlet section side walls is between 1 meter~3 meters, two outlet section side walls
2 times away from no less than most long fish objective body length；The distance between fish pass main body and Stoplog gate are no less than 5 times of two outlet sections
The spacing of side wall, at a distance of being 1 meter~5 meters between Stoplog gate and dash breastwork, the height for going out port strobe is at least 3 meters.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, described stiling basin is sinkage type structure, and both sides are dash breastwork, and upstream side is slope
Face, downstream is vertical plane, bottom surface level；The longitudinal length of stiling basin, vertical depth have flood discharge efficiency to calculate determination.Disappear power
The upstream side distance in pond goes out port strobe no less than 0.5 meter, and the downstream distance lifting transloading equipment of stiling basin is no less than 0.5 meter.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, lower downstream electric fish screen is 0.5 meter~1.5 meters apart from the minimum range of fish pass main body；
The minimum range of lower downstream electric fish screen distance lifting transloading equipment is 0.5 meter~1.5 meters；Fish gathering railway carriage or compartment is arranged on lifting transhipment
Device interior, is vertically moved；The transverse width in described fish gathering railway carriage or compartment is more than the spacing of two outlet section side walls, and the two
Difference is no more than 2 meters, and the longitudinal length in fish gathering railway carriage or compartment is no less than 1 meter；Minimum range of the lower downstream electric fish screen to fish gathering railway carriage or compartment is big
In 1 meter, upstream fixes electric fish screen and is more than 1 meter apart from fish gathering railway carriage or compartment.
What the tunnel formula imitated nature fish pass blocks fish lifting means according to the different situation of upper pond level, takes following measure：
1) when upper pond level is too low：
When upstream depth of water h between outlet section side wall is less than 1 meter, port strobe is closed out.
2) when upper pond level is normal：
When the upstream depth of water h between outlet section side wall is 1 meter~3 meters, goes out port strobe and be all turned on, Stoplog gate standard-sized sheet.
3) when upper pond level is higher：
When the upstream depth of water h between outlet section side wall is more than 3 meters, port strobe is first shut off out；Then to outlet portal door
Part Stoplog gate is put into groove, the depth of water more than Stoplog gate is adjusted in the range of 1 meter~3 meters；Then can locally it open out
Port strobe.
When blocking fish lifting means and helping the shoal of fish to cross dam of nature fish pass is imitated using the tunnel formula, when straddling fish stocks swim out of fish pass
After main body, enter by following steps in upper pond：
Step one：Start upstream and fix electric fish screen and lower downstream electric fish screen, lower downstream electric fish screen is from downstream
Farthest starts upstream direction movement；Straddling fish stocks be intercepted at upstream fix electric fish screen and lower downstream electric fish screen it
Between；
Step 2：Fish gathering railway carriage or compartment is located at minimum point, and lower downstream electric fish screen upstream direction is moved to terminal, straddling fish stocks
It is driven into fish gathering railway carriage or compartment；
Step 3：Start lifting transloading equipment to be vertically lifted up in fish gathering railway carriage or compartment；Upstream fixation is simultaneously closed off to block
Fish electricity grid and lower downstream electric fish screen, and the movement of downstream electric fish screen downstream；
Step 4：When fish gathering railway carriage or compartment is promoted to peak higher than outlet section side wall, lifting transloading equipment tilts fish gathering railway carriage or compartment
And pour into straddling fish stocks in upper pond；
Step 5：Fish gathering railway carriage or compartment is come down in torrents finish after playback and decline；
Step 6：The initial position that fish gathering railway carriage or compartment is reduced as far as possible, and it is farthest to descend downstream electric fish screen to be located at downstream simultaneously
The initial position at place, completes once to cross fish process.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, water velocity between two outlet section side walls is the meter per second of 0.5 meter per second~1.5.
Compared with traditional method, the advantage of the invention is that：
First, blocking fish lifting means is arranged on the exit that tunnel formula imitates nature fish pass, the fish pass is coordinated to cross fish accordingly.
Fish lifting means is blocked using designed by the present invention, the excavation that can give full play to the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula is convenient, and energy dissipating is bright
Aobvious the characteristics of, it is ensured that the fish effect excessively of fish pass.
Second, when the migration shoal of fish imitates the fishway exit section that upstream side is dateed back in nature fish pass from tunnel formula, often due to
The larger range of stage of the too high water-head of upstream and downstream and upstream, it is impossible to be directly entered upstream waters.One aspect of the present invention passes through
Stoplog gate, dash breastwork, go out port strobe and stiling basin control enter fish pass main body in current flow and flow velocity meet require；Separately
On the one hand solved by fixed electric fish screen, mobile electric fish screen and lifting transloading equipment, fish gathering railway carriage or compartment due to above swimming across fish and water position
Luffing is excessive to cause fish outlet difficult arrangement, fish that larger head difference or fish pass main paragraph can not be overcome long and delayed fish
The problem of time.
Third, under identical landform, geological conditions, tunnel formula imitates nature fish pass pattern and imitates nature fish pass cloth with open cut formula
Put pattern to compare, largely save and excavate and support engineering amount.
Fourth, due to tunnel formula imitate nature fish pass be arranged in inside massif, take up an area surface area it is less, reduce the system of Himdu logic dig and
Caused soil erosion, it is also smaller to the eco-environmental impact of terrestrial plant, animal etc.；
, can be compared with fifth, the concrete diaphragm in the conventional fish pass of contraction section substitution that the fish pass body interior of the present invention is set
Energy dissipating is carried out to the current in fish pass main body well.
Sixth, being inlaid with cobble on bottom plate of the present invention and two side, the point bar environment in river is built.In fish pass
The top of main body sets lighting apparatus, can simulate natural light, reach imitative natural purpose.Present invention improves upstream and downstream river
The connection condition in road, slow down barrier of the engineering construction on aquatiles such as fish influences.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the plane rough package drawing that tunnel formula imitates nature fish pass.
Fig. 2 is the overlooking the structure diagram for one section of fish pass main body that tunnel formula imitates nature fish pass.
Fig. 3 is the vertical profile structural representation for one section of fish pass main body that tunnel formula imitates nature fish pass.
Fig. 4 is the sectional view at A-A in Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is the sectional view at B-B in Fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is the plane rough package drawing for blocking fish lifting means that tunnel formula imitates nature fish pass.
Fig. 7 is the profile at C-C in Fig. 6.
Wherein, fish pass import 1, fish pass import bulkhead gate 2, fish pass inducer 3, fish pass main body 4, vault 4.1, side wall
4.2, bottom plate 4.3, fishway exit section 5 goes out port strobe 6, fishway exit 7, Power Plant 8, contraction section 9, long constriction plate 9.1 is short
Constriction plate 9.2, cobble 10 crosses fish perps 11, fish pass pond room 12, lighting apparatus 13, underwater bed 14, upper pond 15, downstream
Mobile electric fish screen 16, stiling basin 17, Stoplog gate 18, upstream fixation electric fish screen 19, dash breastwork 20, outlet section side wall 21,
Lift transloading equipment 22, fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23.
Embodiment
Describe the performance of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but they do not constitute limitation of the invention, only make
Citing.The present invention is described in more detail by being embodied simultaneously.
As shown in figure 1, the tunnel formula designed by the present invention imitates nature fish pass, it mainly uses fish pass main body 4 to connect electricity
Stand the underwater bed 14 of factory building 8 and the waters of upper pond 15.Fish pass main body 4 is tunnel formula, is arranged in the side of Power Plant 8
Inside massif.It is 1.5 meters~2.5 meters to consider the depth of water in the factors such as upstream and downstream head difference, design fish pass main body (4).Adjust
The migrant species looked into river course basin, records the species of the most long migration shoal of fish, and using the longest dimension of the fish as
Most long fish objective body is long.
The fish pass inducer 3 in the downstream of fish pass main body 4 is arranged on down close to lower reaches of river side, the fish pass import 1 of distalmost end
Swim on riverbed 14.The bottom plate of the fish pass import 1 is arranged on below the bank slope water surface curve of underwater bed 14.Fish pass import 1 with
Between fish pass main body 4, i.e., fish pass import bulkhead gate 2 is set in inducer 3.The both sides of fish pass main body 4 are side wall 4.2, top
For circular arc vault 4.1, lower section is bottom plate 4.3, vault 4.1, side wall 4.2 and the seamless connection each other of bottom plate 4.3.Fish pass master
Body 4 uses reinforced concrete lining layer structure, makes full use of rock mass and reinforced concrete lining layer structural union stress in massif,
The load outside fish pass main body 4 is born jointly.Built, under the operating mode overhauled complete, using anchor pole by reinforced concrete lining layer structure
Unified with the rock mass outside fish pass main body 4, the loads such as pressure from surrounding rock, osmotic pressure are born jointly.
In the tunnel of the fish pass main body 4, contraction section 9 is set to be partitioned into multiple fish pass ponds room 12 in fish pass main body 4.Often
One contraction section 9 is made up of one long constriction plate 9.1 and one short constriction plate 9.2, and long constriction plate 9.1 is rectangular slab agllutination
Structure, short constriction plate 9.2 is in the up-narrow and down-wide right-angled trapezium plate structure of horizontal water (flow) direction.Belonging to together in a contraction section 9
Long constriction plate 9.1 and short constriction plate 9.2 are vertical, be relatively fixed on the cross section of fish pass main body 4.The one of long constriction plate 9.1
Side is connected with the side wall 4.2 of fish pass main body 4, and the bottom surface of long constriction plate 9.1 is connected with the bottom plate 4.3 of fish pass main body 4；It is short to receive
The one side of contracting plate 9.2 is connected with opposite side wall 4.2, and the bottom surface of short constriction plate 9.2 is connected with bottom plate 4.3.Long constriction plate 9.1 with
Thickness of the short constriction plate 9.2 on Parallel to the flow direction, height all same in vertical direction；The bottom surface of long constriction plate 9.1 with
The bottom surface of short constriction plate 9.2 is not contacted.
Space between the long constriction plate 9.1 and short constriction plate 9.2 in a contraction section 9 is belonged to together formd fish perps
11.The thickness of long constriction plate 9.1 and short constriction plate 9.2 is 0.1 meter~0.3 meter, highly imitates the water in nature fish pass with tunnel formula
It is deep consistent, typically it is taken as 1.5 meters~2.5 meters, and more than 2.5 times of most long fish objective body length.
On tunnel the same side wall 4.2 in fish pass main body 4, each long constriction plate 9.1 and each short constriction plate 9.2
Arranged for interval.Two adjacent contraction sections 9 constitute fish pass pond room 12.Preferably greater than most long the fish mesh of the width of fish pass pond room 12
2 times of standard type length, the length L of fish pass pond room 12 is 2.5~3 times of most long fish objective body length.
The vault 4.1 of the fish pass main body 4 is arc-shaped structure, and both sides connect the top of two side walls 4.2 respectively.Specifically
, the tunnel of the fish pass main body 4 is highly 4.75 meters, and the width of bottom plate 4.3 is 2.5 meters.In fish pass main body 4, set every 3 meters
A contraction section 9 is put, wherein the size of long constriction plate 9.1 is wide 1.4 meters, high 2.7 meters, thick 0.5 meter；The chi of short constriction plate 9.2
Very little is upper wide 0.4 meter, lower wide 0.8 meter, high 2.7 meters, thick 0.5 meter.It was that fish is erected between long constriction plate 9.1 and short constriction plate 9.2
Seam 11, the cobble 10 that thickness is 0.2 meter is inlaid with the lower section for crossing fish perps 11.The size for crossing fish perps 11 is：It is upper wide by 0.7
Rice, it is lower wide 0.33 meter, high 2.5 meters.
In tunnel in fish pass main body 4, the surface of each contraction section 9 and each fish pass pond room 12 just on
Side respectively arranges one group of lighting apparatus 13.Specifically, bulb of one group of lighting apparatus 13 containing 3~10 equidistant arrangements, every group of bulb
On the same cross section for being arranged in vault 4.1 or the middle part of fish pass pond room 12.The selection of lighting apparatus 13 can simulate natural light
Bulb, after switching on power, the waters in fish pass main body 4 can be illuminated, in order to which straddling fish stocks are traced back.
Being not provided with the part inlay of contraction section 9 on the two side 4.2 of tunnel and bottom plate 4.3 in fish pass main body 4 has cobble
10.The top of cobble 10 is exposed, and imitates natural river course and the environment on riverbank.And the illumination system, device 13 set on vault 4.1 can
To simulate natural light.In the environment of this kind of similar natural riverbank, closer to the environment on nature riverbank in fish pass main body 4, this is just
The shoal of fish of migration is enabled more to adapt to its environment when trip is through fish pass main body 4.
As shown in figure 1, the fishway exit section 5 of the upstream side of fish pass main body 4 is arranged on upper pond 15 close to upper river side
In.The fishway exit 7 that the distalmost end of described 5 upstream sides of fishway exit section is.The bottom plate of the fishway exit 7 is arranged on upper water
Below the water surface curve in storehouse 15.Between described fishway exit 7 and fish pass main body 4, i.e., port strobe is set out in fishway exit section 5
6。
Described fish pass import bulkhead gate 2 and go out port strobe 6 and can be turned on and off.When fishway exit gate 6 is closed
When closing, upstream current are not passed through the fish pass main body 4, and the migration shoal of fish in downstream also can not date back upper pond 15 using fish pass.
Assuming that the water body in upper pond 15 imitates the depth of water formed in the fish pass main body 4 of nature fish pass 1.5 in tunnel formula
When in the range of~2.5 meters, current can flow through tunnel formula of the present invention so that nothing serious and imitate in nature fish pass and flow into downstream river
In stream 14, then water flow process is as follows.
When fish pass import bulkhead gate 2 is with port strobe 6 is gone out all in opening, the water body of upper pond 15 enters fish
Road outlet 7 goes out port strobe 6 by unlatching, flows into fishway exit section 5, subsequently flows into fish pass main body 4.In fish pass main body 4
Fish pass pond room 12 in, current enter the fish pass pond room 12 when, long constriction plate 9.1 and short constriction plate 9.2 to water formation hinder, compel
Current are made to pass through fish perps 11, then current flowed out fish perps 11 and flow into next fish pass pond room 12.Thus, contraction section 9 disappears
Except the water energy formed by the drop of the superior and the subordinate's fish pass pond room 12, it is ensured that tunnel formula is imitated nature fish pass water flow inside flow velocity and begun
Eventually by crossing within the scope of the suitable flow rate that fish object Burden-Swimming Ability of KM and ecological habit are determined.
Likewise, current are by each fish pass pond room 12, until current finally flow after flowing through all fish pass pond rooms 12
Enter fish pass inducer 3, fish pass import 1 is flowed out by the fish pass import bulkhead gate 2 of unlatching.Current at fish pass import 1 and its
Formation attracting current in the waters of neighbouring underwater bed 14, finally the attracting current fade away remittance lower reache.
Assuming that on the downstream waters that tunnel formula of the present invention imitates nature fish pass dam in need of crossing to upper pond 15
The migration shoal of fish, this shoal of fish has the ability of backtracking, and can perceive attracting current and find fish pass import 1, then tunnel of the present invention
The fish principle excessively that formula imitates nature fish pass is as follows.
The shoal of fish is experienced on underwater bed 14 after attracting current, is entered from fish pass import 1, passes through the fish pass import of unlatching
Bulkhead gate 2, swims through fish pass inducer 3, swims into fish pass main body 4.The subsequent shoal of fish is swum in fish pass pond room 12, due to the fish pass
The long constriction plate 9.1 and short constriction plate 9.2 set in pond room 12 hinders the shoal of fish of migration, and the shoal of fish can only be by crossing fish perps 11
Swim into upper level fish pass pond room 12.
In fish pass main body 4, because flow rate of water flow controls to cross the perception flow velocity and limit velocity scope of fish object in target
Interior, according to the habit of the migration shoal of fish, the shoal of fish can sail against the current trip through each fish pass pond room 12, and the shoal of fish can be in fish pass
Rest is taken a quick nap in pond, is swum after continuation after antisecosis to the preceding paragraph fish pass pond room 12.In fish pass main body 4, long constriction plate
9.1 and the relative spacing of short constriction plate 9.2 arrangement, the shoal of fish is crossed fish perps 11 through each with the trip of the path of " S " type.In fish pass master
There are cobble 10 and illuminator 13 in body 4, in wet environment, can well be imitated with plants such as mosses in fish pass main body 4
The natural environment on riverbank, the shoal of fish is easier to complete the process of its migration in known environment.The day imitated in fish pass main body 4
In right environment, the shoal of fish is swum behind last fish pass pond room 12, finally swims into fishway exit section 5, port strobe 6 is gone out by unlatching
The fish gathering railway carriage or compartment in fishway exit 7, or fish gathering transloading equipment is swum out of, is swum into upper pond 15.
As shown in Fig. 1,6 and 7, the connection upper pond 15 of fishway exit 7 is arranged in the upstream bank slope near Power Plant 8
On.Imitated in tunnel formula between the fish pass main body 4 and fishway exit 7 of nature fish pass as fishway exit section 5.The two of fishway exit section 5
Side is to be disposed between outlet section side wall 21, two outlet section side walls 21 along inverse water (flow) direction：Lower downstream electric fish screen
16th, lifting transloading equipment 22, fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23, upstream fix electric fish screen 19, dash breastwork 20 and go out port strobe 6.In dash chest
Stiling basin 17 is additionally provided with the bottom plate of fishway exit section 5 between wall 20 and lifting transloading equipment 22.In fishway exit 7,
The upstream side for going out port strobe 6 is additionally provided with Stoplog gate 18.
The depth of water between two outlet section side walls 21 is 1 meter~3 meters, and two spacing of outlet section side wall 21 are no less than most long
2 times of fish objective body length；The distance between fish pass main body 4 and Stoplog gate 18 are no less than 5 times of two spacing of outlet section side wall 21,
At a distance of being 1 meter~5 meters between Stoplog gate 18 and dash breastwork 20, Stoplog gate 18 checks the depth of water than upstream and is at least higher by 0.5 meter.
Described stiling basin 17 is sinkage type structure, and both sides are dash breastwork 20, and upstream side is slope, and downstream is perpendicular
Face directly, bottom surface level；The longitudinal length of stiling basin 17, vertical depth have flood discharge efficiency to calculate determination.
The upstream side distance of stiling basin 17 goes out port strobe 6 no less than 0.5 meter, and the downstream distance lifting of stiling basin 17 is transported
Equipment 22 is no less than 0.5 meter；So as to ensure that upland water is gently entered in fish pass main body 4.
Lower downstream electric fish screen 16 is arranged between fish pass main body 4 and lifting transloading equipment 22, and can be between the two
It is movable along outlet section side wall 21, set with ensureing that the migration shoal of fish that will be swum out of in fish pass main body 4 is all driven to lifting transhipment
In fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23 in standby 22.
Lower downstream electric fish screen 16 is 0.5 meter~1.5 meters apart from the minimum range of fish pass main body 4；Lower downstream blocks fish
Electric grid 16 are 0.5 meter~1.5 meters apart from the minimum range of lifting transloading equipment 22；
Fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23 is arranged on inside lifting transloading equipment 22, is vertically moved.When fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23 is moved to top
When, higher than the height of outlet section side wall 21.After the fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23 outreaches, can upstream reservoir 15 side tilt, will
Water therein and the migration shoal of fish pour into upper pond 15 together, so as to ensure that the migration shoal of fish enters in the waters of upstream.
Compared to two spacing of outlet section side wall 21 of the transverse width in described fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23 are big, and the two difference is no more than 2
Rice.The longitudinal length in fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23 is no less than 1 meter.Meanwhile, 16 minimum range to fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23 of lower downstream electric fish screen is big
In 1 meter, upstream fixes electric fish screen 19 and is more than 1 meter apart from fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23.
Go out port strobe 6 and dash breastwork about 20, front-back staggered to be set together, the flow of co- controlling upland water.
Specifically, the top for going out port strobe 6 is arranged on more than the bottom of dash breastwork 20；When going out the closing of port strobe 6, its top is attached to dash
The upstream side of the bottom of breastwork 20 is along Heng Shui directions.Go out port strobe 6 for flat board door, can adjust, control according to water
Its aperture.Dash breastwork 20 forces upland water to enter via the port strobe 6 that goes out of lower section in fish pass main body 4, it is ensured that two outlets
The depth of water between section side wall 21 is 1 meter~3 meters, and controllable flow rate of water flow, flow and the water temperature for adding fish pass main body is suitable
In suitable scope.
In fishway exit 7, the upstream side for going out port strobe 6 is additionally provided with Stoplog gate 18.Stoplog gate 18 according to upper pond level, under
Some section stoplogs are put, progressively dash, adjustment, control head, to control the water velocity and water temperature that enter in fish pass main body 4.
Specifically, when upper pond level is different, taking following measure：
1st, when upper pond level is too low：
When upstream depth of water h between outlet section side wall 21 is less than 1 meter, port strobe 6 is closed out.
Such case typically only appears in dry season, and dry season tends to occur at typically no in non-fish phase excessively, river course
The migration shoal of fish, it is not necessary to help their migrations to upper water domain.
2nd, when upper pond level is normal：
When the upstream depth of water h between outlet section side wall 21 is 1 meter~3 meters, goes out port strobe 6 and be all turned on, Stoplog gate 18
It is fully open.
Now, current enter from upstream through fishway exit 7, and each mistake is passed through in fish pass main body 4 by fishway exit section 5
Fish perps 11 enters each fish pass pond room 12, is finally flowed out from fish pass import 1；Induction current lure straddling fish stocks from fish pass import
1 enters, and fish perps 11 is crossed with each through each fish pass pond room 12, via fish pass main body 4, fishway exit section 5 and fishway exit 7
Into upstream waters.
Such case be the water velocity often located in the normal operational condition of the set facility, fish pass main body ensure 0.5 meter/
Second~1.5 meter per seconds, in order to lure the migration shoal of fish.
3rd, when upper pond level is higher：
When the upstream depth of water h between outlet section side wall 21 is more than 3 meters, port strobe 6 is first shut off out；Then to outlet portal
Part Stoplog gate 18 is put into gate slot, the depth of water more than Stoplog gate is adjusted in the range of 1 meter~3 meters；Then can locally it open
Open out port strobe 6.
Now, current cross Stoplog gate 18 after the entrance of fish outlet 7, and port strobe 6, water-carrying capacity quilt are gone out by local unlatching
Control, and water flow through the energy dissipating of stiling basin 17 after smooth out substantially, into fish pass main body 4 before the depth of water and fluidised form be in its design head
In the range of；Hereafter current and during the normal upper pond level of afore-mentioned 2 it is identical, straddling fish stocks performance is also identical.
After straddling fish stocks swim out of fish pass main body 4, enter by following steps in upper pond 15.
Step one：Start upstream and fix electric fish screen 19 and lower downstream electric fish screen 16, lower downstream electric fish screen 16
Upstream direction is moved since the farthest of downstream；Straddling fish stocks are intercepted at upstream fixation electric fish screen 19 and lower downstream is blocked
Between fish electricity grid 16；
Step 2：Fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23 is located at minimum point, and the lower upstream direction of downstream electric fish screen 16 is moved to terminal, migration
Fish are driven into fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23；
Step 3：Start lifting transloading equipment 22 to be vertically lifted up in fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23；Upstream is simultaneously closed off to consolidate
Determine electric fish screen 19 and lower downstream electric fish screen 16, and the downstream of downstream electric fish screen 22 is moved；
Step 4：When fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23 is promoted to peak higher than outlet section side wall 21, transloading equipment 22 is lifted by fish gathering
Railway carriage or compartment 23 tilts and straddling fish stocks is poured into upper pond 15；
Step 5：Fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23 is come down in torrents finish after playback and decline；
Step 6：The initial position that fish gathering railway carriage or compartment 23 is reduced as far as possible, while lower downstream electric fish screen 16 is located at downstream most
The initial position of distant place, completes once to cross fish process.
It is that a kind of new fish pass structure integrates layout pattern that tunnel formula, which imitates the combination of nature fish pass and blocks fish lifting system, is adapted to
The significantly change of upstream reservoir level.When building fish pass on the water conservancy and hydropower hinge in high mountain glen area, dug by hole and replace bright
Dig, fish pass and tunnel are combined and are arranged in inside massif, quantities can be more saved.
The Stoplog gate that tunnel outlet is set passes through stratified pumping, it is possible to provide water temperature, flow and the flow velocity of suitable fish migration；
Inside sets contraction section to replace the concrete diaphragm in conventional fish pass to simulate the flow condition in river, is inlayed on bottom and side wall
The natural materials such as embedding cobble build the point bar environment in river, and lighting system mimics natural light is set at the top of tunnel, reach and imitate certainly
Right purpose, improves the connection condition in upstream and downstream river course, and slow down barrier of the engineering construction on aquatile influences.
Other unspecified parts are prior art.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of tunnel formula imitates the fish pass main body (4) blocked fish lifting means, be arranged on the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula of nature fish pass
In fishway exit section (5) between fishway exit (7), it is characterised in that：The both sides of fishway exit section (5) are outlet section side wall
(21), it is disposed between two outlet section side walls (21) along inverse water (flow) direction：Lower downstream electric fish screen (16), lifting turn
Fortune equipment (22), fish gathering railway carriage or compartment (23), upstream fix electric fish screen (19), dash breastwork (20) and go out port strobe (6)；Two outlets
Upstream depth of water h between section side wall (21)；
Stiling basin is additionally provided with the bottom plate of fishway exit section (5) between dash breastwork (20) and lifting transloading equipment (22)
(17)；
Stoplog gate (18) is provided with fishway exit (7)；
The fish pass main body (4) that described tunnel formula imitates nature fish pass is arranged on inside the massif beside Power Plant (8), connect under
Swim riverbed (14) and upper pond (15) waters；The fish pass import (1) of fish pass main body (4) is arranged on the downstream of Power Plant (8)
In riverbed (14)；The fishway exit (7) of fish pass main body (4) is arranged in the upper pond (15) of Power Plant (8)；
Fish pass main body (4) is by the side wall (4.2) positioned at both sides, the bottom plate (4.3) positioned at bottom and the crown (4.1) positioned at top
Composition；Multiple contraction sections (9) are provided with by fish pass main body (4) at intervals of multiple fish pass ponds room (12) in fish pass main body (4)；
Fish perps (11) of crossing on each contraction section (9) connects adjacent two fish pass ponds room (12)；
In the tunnel of the fish pass main body (4), set contraction section (9) multiple fish pass ponds room will to be partitioned into fish pass main body (4)
(12), each contraction section (9) is made up of one long constriction plate (9.1) and one short constriction plate (9.2), long constriction plate (9.1)
For rectangular slab block structure, short constriction plate (9.2) is, in the up-narrow and down-wide right-angled trapezium plate structure of horizontal water (flow) direction, to belong to together
Long constriction plate (9.1) and short constriction plate (9.2) in one contraction section (9) are vertical, be relatively fixed in the horizontal stroke of fish pass main body (4)
On section, the one side of long constriction plate (9.1) is connected with the side wall (4.2) of fish pass main body (4), the bottom of long constriction plate (9.1)
Face is connected with the bottom plate (4.3) of fish pass main body (4)；The one side of short constriction plate (9.2) is connected with opposite side wall (4.2), short to receive
The bottom surface of contracting plate (9.2) is connected with bottom plate (4.3)；Long constriction plate (9.1) and thickness of the short constriction plate (9.2) on Parallel to the flow direction
Degree, height all same in vertical direction；The bottom surface of long constriction plate (9.1) is not contacted with the bottom surface of short constriction plate (9.2)；
Fish perps was formd in the space belonged to together between the long constriction plate (9.1) in a contraction section (9) and short constriction plate (9.2)
(11)；The thickness of long constriction plate (9.1) and short constriction plate (9.2) is 0.1 meter~0.3 meter, highly imitates nature fish pass with tunnel formula
In the depth of water it is consistent, be typically taken as 1.5 meters~2.5 meters, and more than 2.5 times of most long fish objective body length；
Described stiling basin (17) is sinkage type structure, and both sides are dash breastwork (20), and upstream side is slope, and downstream is perpendicular
Face directly, bottom surface level；The longitudinal length of stiling basin (17), vertical depth have flood discharge efficiency to calculate determination；
The upstream side distance of stiling basin (17) goes out port strobe (6) no less than 0.5 meter, and the downstream distance lifting of stiling basin (17) turns
Transport equipment (22) and be no less than 0.5 meter.
What 2. tunnel formula according to claim 1 imitated nature fish pass blocks fish lifting means, it is characterised in that：Described outlet
Gate (6) is arranged on the upstream side of dash breastwork (20), go out port strobe (6) top be arranged on dash breastwork (20) bottom with
On, go out port strobe (6) for flat board door.
What 3. tunnel formula according to claim 1 imitated nature fish pass blocks fish lifting means, it is characterised in that：Two outlet sections
The depth of water between side wall (21) is 1 meter~3 meters, and the spacing of two outlet section side walls (21) is no less than most long fish objective body length
2 times；The spacing of the two outlet section side walls (21) of the distance between fish pass main body (4) and Stoplog gate (18) no less than 5 times, stoplog
At a distance of being 1 meter~5 meters between door (18) and dash breastwork (20), the height for going out port strobe (6) is at least 3 meters.
What 4. tunnel formula according to claim 1 imitated nature fish pass blocks fish lifting means, it is characterised in that：Lower downstream is blocked
Fish electricity grid (16) are 0.5 meter~1.5 meters apart from the minimum range of fish pass main body (4)；Lower downstream electric fish screen (16) distance is carried
The minimum range for rising transloading equipment (22) is 0.5 meter~1.5 meters；
Fish gathering railway carriage or compartment (23) is arranged on lifting transloading equipment (22) inside, vertically moves；
The transverse width in described fish gathering railway carriage or compartment (23) is more than the spacing of two outlet section side walls (21), and the two difference is no more than 2
Rice, the longitudinal length of fish gathering railway carriage or compartment (23) is no less than 1 meter；Lower downstream electric fish screen (16) to fish gathering railway carriage or compartment (23) minimum range
More than 1 meter, upstream fixes electric fish screen (19) and is more than 1 meter apart from fish gathering railway carriage or compartment (23).
5. use tunnel formula according to any one of claims 1 to 4 imitates the fish method excessively for blocking fish lifting means of nature fish pass,
It is characterized in that：
According to the different situation of upper pond level, following measure is taken：
1) when upper pond level is too low：
When upstream depth of water h between outlet section side wall (21) is less than 1 meter, port strobe (6) is closed out；
2) when upper pond level is normal：
When the upstream depth of water h between outlet section side wall (21) is 1 meter~3 meters, goes out port strobe (6) and be all turned on, Stoplog gate
(18) standard-sized sheet；
3) when upper pond level is higher：
When the upstream depth of water h between outlet section side wall (21) is more than 3 meters, port strobe (6) is first shut off out；Then to outlet portal
Part Stoplog gate (18) is put into gate slot, the depth of water more than Stoplog gate is adjusted in the range of 1 meter~3 meters；Then can be local
Open out port strobe (6).
6. tunnel formula according to claim 5 imitates the fish method excessively for blocking fish lifting means of nature fish pass, it is characterised in that：
After straddling fish stocks swim out of fish pass main body (4), enter by following steps in upper pond (15)：
Step one：Start upstream and fix electric fish screen (19) and lower downstream electric fish screen (16), lower downstream electric fish screen
(16) upstream direction is moved since the farthest of downstream；Straddling fish stocks are intercepted at upstream and fix electric fish screen (19) and downstream
Between mobile electric fish screen (16)；
Step 2：Fish gathering railway carriage or compartment (23) is located at minimum point, and lower downstream electric fish screen (16) upstream direction is moved to terminal, migration
Fish are driven into fish gathering railway carriage or compartment (23)；
Step 3：Start lifting transloading equipment (22) to be vertically lifted up fish gathering railway carriage or compartment (23)；Upstream is simultaneously closed off to consolidate
Determine electric fish screen (19) and lower downstream electric fish screen (16), and downstream electric fish screen (16) downstream is moved；
Step 4：When fish gathering railway carriage or compartment (23) are promoted to peak higher than outlet section side wall (21), lifting transloading equipment (22) will collect
Fish railway carriage or compartment (23) tilts and pours into straddling fish stocks in upper pond (15)；
Step 5：Fish gathering railway carriage or compartment (23) is come down in torrents finish after playback and decline；
Step 6：The initial position that fish gathering railway carriage or compartment (23) is reduced as far as possible, and descend downstream electric fish screen (16) to be located at downstream simultaneously
The initial position of farthest, completes once to cross fish process.
7. tunnel formula according to claim 6 imitates the fish method excessively for blocking fish lifting means of nature fish pass, it is characterised in that：
Water velocity between two outlet section side walls (21) is the meter per second of 0.5 meter per second~1.5.
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| CN106172274B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2022-03-15 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | System and method for observing and collecting migratory fishes in fishway |
| CN106320294B (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2019-02-15 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of fish pass for adapting to the level of tail water and changing |
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| CN113128039B (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2024-07-16 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method, device and storage medium for calculating vertical joint type fishway step type water surface line |
| CN113774867B (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2023-05-05 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Fishway pool chamber water supplementing system under high water head and large drop effect |
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