CN205348128U - Nature fishway is imitated to tunnel formula multiple exit - Google Patents
Nature fishway is imitated to tunnel formula multiple exit Download PDFInfo
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- CN205348128U CN205348128U CN201521110213.6U CN201521110213U CN205348128U CN 205348128 U CN205348128 U CN 205348128U CN 201521110213 U CN201521110213 U CN 201521110213U CN 205348128 U CN205348128 U CN 205348128U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to hydraulic engineering and environmental protection engineering field relate to a nature fishway is imitated to tunnel formula multiple exit. Connect low reaches riverbed and upper reservoir waters through the fishway main part, the fishway main part sets up inside the massif on power station factory building next door, the fishway import of fishway main part sets up on the low reaches riverbed of power station factory building, and the fishway exit setting of fishway main part is in the upper reservoir of power station factory building, two are no less than to the fishway exit, arbitrary fishway exit is located different elevations. The utility model discloses not only can adapt to that the riverbed is narrow, anxious the falling of the high steep geographical conditions of river course right bank and left bank massif and upper reservoir water level suddenly rise or cross the great qualification of fish range of stage, can also overcome the fishway and build that the engineering volume is big, the design and construction degree of difficulty is high, the dear shortcoming of cost to the minimize to the land influence of lively plant of river course right bank and left bank mountain.
Description
Technical field
This utility model belongs to hydraulic engineering and field of environmental engineering, relates to the imitative nature fish pass of a kind of tunnel formula multiple exit.
Background technology
Migration is that Fish affect because of physiological requirement, heredity and outside environmental elements etc., causes periodic orientation to reciprocate.Migration is a kind of feature that Fish are formed in system generating process, is that a kind of long-term of environment is adapted to by Fish, and it can make population obtain more favourable conditions of existence, produces offspring better.And now, the mankind, in order to be able to obtain water energy, build dam on natural river, block the migration passage of Fish, the natural ecological environment in heavy damage river.The mankind in order to remedy the destruction that river is caused, the multiple fish pass structure of design and construction when building dam, help the migration shoal of fish to cross dam.Fish pass belongs to one the most frequently used in fish pass structure.
At the lower reache of the dam having fish pass, the attracting current that the migration shoal of fish is flowed out by fish pass import find fish pass import, swim into fish pass main body by fish pass import, finally swim to fishway exit, swim into upper reach, complete to cross dam upstream migration.
Along with China's construction of hydropower facilities is to the propelling of upstream, river course, often run into the situation choosing dam site in the high landform such as steep of, two sides, river course massif narrow in riverbed.In this case, riverbed, often occupied by flood releasing structure, causes that fish pass is difficult to arrange；Meanwhile, the upper pond water level that mountain stream key water control project is formed often suddenly rises and drops, and brings bigger difficulty to the layout of fish pass.
Generally, according to the requirement that fish pass is arranged, and riverbed narrow zone precipitous in landform, fish pass can only be arranged on the high steep massif in Power Plant side.In the prior art, when building the fish pass in above-mentioned landform, adopt the mode of open cut, it is necessary to profoundly excavate massif, high steep excavation slope can be formed in fish pass both sides.In order to ensure stablizing of excavation slope, it is ensured that the safe operation of fish pass, side slope needs reinforcement supporting.Therefore, the high steep landform of, river course two sides massif narrow in riverbed builds fish pass, not only excavation project amount is big, the design and construction technique difficulty of slope reinforcement supporting is high, involving great expense of whole engineering, and while building this kind of fish pass, massif profoundly excavates, cause soil erosion, destroy the original ecological environment of terrestrial organism on mountain.
Fishway exit base plate must be necessarily arranged at the waterline certain depth below of upper pond, so could form current in fish pass, and make migrant group energy pass through fish pass entrance upper pond.But, the upper pond water level formed due to mountain stream key water control project often suddenly rises and drops and luffing is bigger, if fishway exit base plate arranges too high, then when upper pond water level is anxious fall time or relatively low time, the outlet of common fish pass is often exposed to more than upper pond waterline.Now, the current of upper pond cannot enter from fishway exit, causes not having current to flow through in fish pass main body, thus fish pass import department is without forming attracting current, the migration shoal of fish cannot find fish pass import.It is readily apparent that when not having current in fish pass main body, the migration shoal of fish cannot swim across in fish pass main body at all, barrage building therefore cannot be crossed, it is impossible to complete migration.If fishway exit base plate arranges too low, then when upper pond water level suddenly rises or be higher, the water flow in entrance fish pass main body is excessive and makes straddling fish stocks cannot cross barrage building equally and completes migration.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of this utility model is in that to provide a kind of tunnel formula multiple exit imitative nature fish pass, the geographical conditions that riverbed is narrow, massif height in two sides, river course is steep can not only be adapted to, fish pass can also be overcome to build the shortcoming that quantities is big, design and construction difficulty is high, involve great expense, and can reduce the impact of terrestrial organism on mountain, two sides, river course as far as possible, even if prior being that by, when upper pond water level suddenly rises by anxious falling, also can enable fish pass provide and adapt to the condition that Fish are traced back.
For achieving the above object, this utility model devises the imitative nature fish pass of following tunnel formula multiple exit, is connected underwater bed and upper pond waters by fish pass main body, it is characterised in that: described fish pass main body is arranged on inside the massif on Power Plant side；Fish pass import is arranged in the underwater bed of Power Plant；Fishway exit is arranged in the upper pond of Power Plant；In described fish pass main body, the depth of water is h；Described fishway exit is no less than two, and each fishway exit is positioned on different elevation；Described fish pass main body is by being positioned at the sidewall of both sides, being positioned at the base plate of bottom and be positioned at the vault at top and form；It is provided with multiple contraction section in described fish pass main body and fish pass main body is spaced apart room, multiple fish pass pond；Fish perps of crossing on each contraction section described connects adjacent room, two fish pass ponds.
In technique scheme, described fish pass main body is in series including at least two threeway nodes；The upstream side of described fish pass main body has at least two pipelines, connects different fishway exit sections respectively, and the distalmost end of described each fishway exit section upstream side arranges fishway exit, is provided with out port strobe in described each fishway exit section；The downstream of described fish pass main body has a pipeline to connect fish pass inducer, and the distalmost end in described fish pass inducer downstream arranges fish pass import, is provided with fish pass import bulkhead gate in described fish pass inducer.
In technique scheme, described fish pass main body is three way type structure, and the upstream side of described fish pass main body has two pipelines to connect the first fishway exit section and the second fishway exit section respectively；The downstream of described fish pass main body has a pipeline to connect fish pass inducer；The distalmost end of described first fishway exit section upstream side arranges the first fishway exit, is provided with first and goes out port strobe in described first fishway exit section；The distalmost end of described second fishway exit section upstream side arranges the second fishway exit, is provided with second and goes out port strobe in described second fishway exit section；The distalmost end in described fish pass inducer downstream arranges fish pass import, is provided with fish pass import bulkhead gate in described fish pass inducer.
Further, each contraction section described is made up of a long constriction plate and a short constriction plate；Described long constriction plate in described same contraction section and on the vertical same vertical section being oppositely disposed in described fish pass main body of described short constriction plate；It was fish perps between long constriction plate and short constriction plate in same contraction section；A long constriction plate and a short constriction plate adjacent spaces on a sidewall of described fish pass main body are arranged.
Further, described long constriction plate is rectangular slab block structure, and described short constriction plate is at the up-narrow and down-wide trapezoidal plate block structure of horizontal water (flow) direction；The thickness, highly all identical in vertical direction on Parallel to the flow direction of described long constriction plate and described short constriction plate.
Yet further, the thickness of described long constriction plate and short constriction plate is 0.1～0.3m, is highly not less than depth of water h in fish pass main body.
In technique scheme, the vault of described fish pass main body is the top that arc-shaped structure both sides connect two sidewalls respectively.
Further, height H is depth of water h in fish pass main body 1.1～1.3 times of described fish pass main body.
Yet further, the width W of room, described pond is preferably greater than 2 times of the longest the fish eyes standard type length, and the length L of room, described pond should take 2.5～3 times of the longest the fish eyes standard type length.
As optimal technical scheme, described vault being provided with and organizes luminaire more, the surface of room, described each pond is both provided with one group of luminaire, and the surface of described each contraction section is both provided with one group of luminaire；The position being not provided with contraction section on described base plate and two sidewalls is all inlaid with cobble, and the cobble height on said two sidewall is consistent with depth of water h in fish pass main body.
Compared with traditional method, the utility model has the advantage of:
One, fishway exit is designed as multiple by this utility model, and is arranged on different elevation, is respectively suitable for different water levels.The upper pond water level that such Structure adaptation mountain area key water control project is formed often rises the feature dropped suddenly.Fishway exit is correspondingly set in different water level ranges, easily facilitates Flood Control Dispatch and the power generation dispatching of reservoir, do not affect reservoir operation because of the setting of fishway exit.
Its two, the rock mass more than fish pass top has enough cladding thicknesses, when the cavitation condition of rock is better, can make full use of rock mass from steady condition, adopt hole to dig, imitative nature fish pass and tunnel combined and is arranged in inside massif.
Its three, tunnel is reinforced concrete lining layer structure, utilizes rock mass and concrete lining structural union stress, jointly bears structure external load；Complete building, overhauling under operating mode, utilizing anchor pole lining cutting body and both sides rock mass to be unified, jointly bear the load such as pressure from surrounding rock, osmotic pressure.
Its four, under identical landform, geological conditions, the imitative nature fish pass pattern of tunnel formula multiple exit, compared with the imitative nature fish pass layout pattern of open cut formula, saves excavation and support engineering amount largely.
Its five, owing to the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula is arranged in inside massif, takes up an area surface area less, decrease the soil erosion caused because of open cut, the eco-environmental impact of terrestrial plant, animal etc. is also less.
Its six, the contraction section that fish pass body interior of the present utility model is arranged replaces the concrete diaphragm in conventional fish pass, preferably the current in fish pass main body can be carried out energy dissipating.
Its seven, base plate described in the utility model and two side be inlaid with cobble, build the point bar environment in river.Luminaire is set at the top of fish pass main body, it is possible to simulating nature light, reaches imitative natural purpose.This utility model improves the connection condition in river course, upstream and downstream, and slow down engineering construction affects hydrobiological obstructs such as Fish.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The flat overall that Fig. 1 is a kind of embodiment of the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula multiple exit arranges schematic diagram.
The flat overall that Fig. 2 is the another kind of embodiment of the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula multiple exit arranges schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the plan structure schematic diagram of one section of fish pass main body of the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula multiple exit.
Fig. 4 is the vertical profile structural representation of one section of fish pass main body of the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula multiple exit.
Fig. 5 is the sectional view at A-A place in Fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is the sectional view at B-B place in Fig. 2.
Wherein: fish pass import 1, fish pass import bulkhead gate 2, fish pass inducer 3, fish pass main body 4, vault 4.1, sidewall 4.2, base plate 4.3, the first fishway exit section 5.1, first goes out port strobe 6.1, the first fishway exit 7.1, the second fishway exit section 5.2, and second goes out port strobe 6.2, second fishway exit 7.2, Power Plant 8, contraction section 9, long constriction plate 9.1, short constriction plate 9.2, cobble 10, cross fish perps 11, room, fish pass pond 12, luminaire 13, underwater bed 14, upper pond 15.
Detailed description of the invention
Describe performance of the present utility model in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but it is not intended that restriction of the present utility model, only illustrates.Simultaneously by illustrating, advantage of the present utility model will become clearer from easy to understand.
If Fig. 1 is to shown in 2, the tunnel formula multiple exit designed by this utility model imitates nature fish pass, and it connects the waters of the underwater bed 14 of Power Plant 8 and upper pond 15 mainly by fish pass main body 4.Fish pass main body 4 is arranged in inside the massif on Power Plant 8 side for three way type structure.Certainly, fish pass main body 4 can also be in series by multiple threeway nodes, only introduces the structure that fish pass main body 4 is made up of a threeway node here, and all the other structures are not described here in detail.
The upstream side of fish pass main body 4 has two pipelines to connect the first fishway exit section 5.1 and the second fishway exit section 5.2 respectively；The downstream of fish pass main body 4 has a pipeline to connect fish pass inducer 3.Fish pass inducer 3, near lower reaches of river side, is arranged on underwater bed 14.The distalmost end in described fish pass inducer 3 downstream is fish pass import 1.The base plate of this fish pass import 1 is arranged on the bank slope underwater of underwater bed 14.Between described fish pass import 1 and fish pass main body 4, namely fish pass import bulkhead gate 2 is set in inducer 3.
As shown in Figures 3 to 5, the both sides of fish pass main body 4 are sidewall 4.2, and top is circular arc vault 4.1, and lower section is base plate 4.3, described vault 4.1, sidewall 4.2 and base plate 4.3 seamless connection each other.What fish pass main body 4 adopted is reinforced concrete lining layer structure, makes full use of rock mass and reinforced concrete lining layer structural union stress in massif, jointly bears the load outside fish pass main body 4.
Arranging contraction section 9 in the tunnel of fish pass main body 4, described contraction section 9 number is determined by the spacing distance of the length of fish pass main body 4, contraction section 9.Described contraction section 9 will be partitioned into room, multiple fish pass pond 12 in fish pass main body 4.Each contraction section 9 is made up of a long constriction plate 9.1 and a short constriction plate 9.2, and described long constriction plate 9.1 is rectangular slab block structure, and described short constriction plate 9.2 is at the up-narrow and down-wide right-angled trapezium plate structure of horizontal water (flow) direction.Vertically arrange in the long constriction plate 9.1 belonged to together in a contraction section 9 and short constriction plate 9.2, be relatively fixed on the cross section of fish pass main body 4.The one side of described long constriction plate 9.1 is connected with a sidewall 4.2 of fish pass main body 4, and the described bottom surface of long constriction plate 9.1 is connected with the base plate 4.3 of fish pass main body 4；The one side of described short constriction plate 9.2 is connected with another sidewall 4.2, and the bottom surface of described short constriction plate 9.2 is connected with base plate 4.3.Thickness on Parallel to the flow direction of described long constriction plate 9.1 and described short constriction plate 9.2, height in vertical direction are all identical；The bottom surface of described long constriction plate 9.1 does not contact with the bottom surface of described short constriction plate 9.2.Space between the long constriction plate 9.1 belonged to together in a contraction section 9 and short constriction plate 9.2 defined fish perps 11.The thickness of described long constriction plate 9.1 and described short constriction plate 9.2 is 0.1m～0.3m, and height is consistent with the depth of water in the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula, is generally taken as 1.5m～2.5m, and should be greater than growing most 2.5 times of fish eyes standard type length.
On the same sidewall 4.2 of tunnel in fish pass main body 4, each long constriction plate 9.1 and each short constriction plate 9.2 interval are arranged.Two adjacent contraction sections 9 constitute room, a fish pass pond 12.The width W of room, fish pass pond 12 is preferably greater than 2 times of the longest the fish eyes standard type length, and the length L of room, fish pass pond 12 should take 2.5～3 times of the longest the fish eyes standard type length.
The vault 4.1 of described fish pass main body 4 is arc-shaped structure, and both sides connect the top of two sidewalls 4.2 respectively.Concrete, the tunnel height H of this fish pass main body 4 is 4.75 meters, and the width of base plate 4.3 is 2.5 meters.In fish pass main body 4, arranging a contraction section 9 every 3 meters, wherein long constriction plate 9.1 is of a size of wide 1.4 meters, high 2.7 meters, thick 0.5 meter；Short constriction plate 9.2 is of a size of wide 0.4 meter, lower wide 0.8 meter, high 2.7 meters, thick 0.5 meter.It was fish perps 11 between long constriction plate 9.1 and short constriction plate 9.2.It is inlaid with, in the lower section crossing fish perps 11, the cobble 10 that thickness is 0.2 meter, crosses fish perps 11 and be of a size of wide 0.7 meter, lower wide 0.33 meter, high 2.5 meters.The height of cobble 10 is consistent with depth of water h in fish pass main body 4.
In tunnel in fish pass main body 4, respectively arrange one group of luminaire 13 in the surface of the surface of each contraction section 9 and each room, fish pass pond 12.Concrete, one group of luminaire 13 bulb containing 3～10 equidistant arrangement, often group bulb is arranged on the same cross section in the middle part of vault 4.1 or room, fish pass pond 12.Described luminaire 13 select can the bulb of simulating nature light, after switching on power, it is possible to the waters in fish pass main body 4 is illuminated, in order to straddling fish stocks are traced back.
The part inlay being not provided with contraction section 9 in fish pass main body 4 on the two side 4.2 of tunnel and base plate 4.3 has cobble 10.The top of cobble 10 is exposed, and imitates the environment on natural river course and riverbank.And the illumination system, device 13 arranged on vault 4.1 can simulating nature light.Under the environment on this kind of similar natural riverbank, closer to the environment on natural riverbank in fish pass main body 4, this shoal of fish allowing for migration can more adapt to its environment in trip in described fish pass main body 4.
As it is shown in figure 1, in the first embodiment, by swim across fish and water level amplitude and be divided into high water level, low water level two parts.At the upstream side of fish pass main body 4, fish pass main body 4 is split up into two outlets, in junctions structure, so the upstream side in fish pass main body 4 is connected to two fishway exit sections, respectively the first fishway exit section 5.1 and the second fishway exit section 5.2, near upper river side, is arranged in upper pond 15.The first fishway exit 7.1 that the distalmost end of the first described fishway exit section 5.1 upstream side is.The base plate of this first fishway exit 7.1 is arranged on upper pond 15 place underwater to adapt to high water level.Between described the first fishway exit 7.1 and fish pass main body 4, namely arrange first in the first fishway exit section 5.1 and go out port strobe 6.1.The second fishway exit 7.2 that the distalmost end of the second described fishway exit section 5.2 upstream side is.The base plate of this second fishway exit 7.2 is arranged on minimum below fish and water position of crossing, upper pond 15 place to adapt to low water level, and the floor elevation of the second fishway exit 7.2 will lower than the floor elevation of the first fishway exit 7.1.Between described the second fishway exit 7.2 and fish pass main body 4, namely arrange second in the second fishway exit section 5.2 and go out port strobe 6.2.Described first fishway exit 7.1 and the second fishway exit 7.2 are arranged with side, river with described fish pass import 1.When being suitable in upper pond 15 arranging that there are many places in the geographical position of fishway exit, the current of each fishway exit meet the condition of shoal of fish migration, and the first fishway exit 7.1 and the second fishway exit 7.2 should be arranged apart, and now fishway exit is distributed structure.
When upper pond 15 being suitable for arrange that the geographical position of fishway exit is only a place, current for ensureing each fishway exit meet the condition of shoal of fish migration, then all of fishway exit can only concentrate on a place, as shown in Figure 2, in the second embodiment, first fishway exit 7.1 and the second fishway exit 7.2 centralized arrangement, now fishway exit is centralized configuration.All the other structures are all identical with the first embodiment, and no matter fishway exit is centralized configuration or distributed structure, and its work process is all identical.
Described first goes out port strobe 6.1, second goes out port strobe 6.2 and fish pass import bulkhead gate 2 all can be turned on and off.When first going out port strobe 6.1, second going out port strobe 6.2 and when fish pass import bulkhead gate 2 is turned off, upstream current are not passed through this fish pass main body 4, and the migration shoal of fish in downstream also cannot utilize fish pass to date back upper pond 15.
When assuming that depth of water h that water body in upper pond 15 formed in certain outlet of imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula multiple exit is within the scope of 1.5～2.5m, current can nothing serious flows through in the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula multiple exit described in the utility model and flow in downstream river 14, then water flow process is as follows.
In fish season excessively, select be open in upper pond 15 first to go out port strobe 6.1 or the second according to the water level of upper pond 15 and go out port strobe 6.2.When upper pond 15 water level is higher, the base plate of the first fishway exit 7.1 and the base plate of the second fishway exit 7.2 are all below waterline, the depth of water that the depth of water now formed in the second fishway exit 7.2 due to upper pond 15 water level is formed in the first fishway exit 7.1 more than 2.5m is in the scope of 1.5m～2.5m, therefore selecting to open first and go out port strobe 6.1, second goes out port strobe 6.2 for closed mode；When upper pond 15 water level is relatively low, the depth of water that upper pond 15 reservoir level is formed less than the base plate of 1.5m or the first fishway exit 7.1 in the depth of water formed in the first fishway exit 7.1 more than reservoir level in the second fishway exit 7.2 is in the scope of 1.5m～2.5m, now, then selecting to open second and go out port strobe 6.2, first goes out port strobe 6.1 for closed mode.That is, when the imitative nature fish pass work of multiple exit tunnel formula described in the utility model, described first goes out port strobe 6.1 and second goes out port strobe 6.2 and has only allowed one of them to open.
When fish pass import bulkhead gate 2 and first goes out port strobe 6.1 all in opening, second goes out port strobe 6.2 closes, the water of upper pond 15 enters the first fishway exit 7.1 and goes out port strobe 6.1 by the first of unlatching, flows to the first fishway exit section 5.1, subsequently flows in fish pass main body 4.
When fish pass import bulkhead gate 2 and second goes out port strobe 6.2 all in opening, first goes out port strobe 6.1 closes, the water of upper pond 15 enters the second fishway exit 7.2 and goes out port strobe 6.2 by the second of unlatching, flows to the second fishway exit section 5.2, in inflow fish pass main body 4 same subsequently.
In room, fish pass pond 12 in fish pass main body 4, when current enter this room 12, fish pass pond, water is formed and hinders by long constriction plate 9.1 and short constriction plate 9.2, forces current through fish perps 11, and then current flowed out fish perps 11 and flow to next room, fish pass pond 12.Thus, contraction section 9 serves the effect of energy dissipating, makes the speed controlling of current in 0.5 meter per second to 1.5 meter per seconds.
Same, current pass through each room, fish pass pond 12, until current finally flow into fish pass inducer 3 after current flow through room, all of fish pass pond 12, flow out fish pass import 1 by the fish pass import bulkhead gate 2 opened.Fish pass import 1 place and near underwater bed 14 waters in form attracting current, finally these attracting current fade away remittance lower reache.
Assume to there is a need to the dam migration shoal of fish to upper pond 15 in the waters, downstream of the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula described in the utility model, this shoal of fish has the ability of backtracking, and can perceive attracting current and find fish pass import 1, then the mistake fish principle of the imitative nature fish pass of this utility model tunnel formula multiple exit is as follows:
After the shoal of fish experiences attracting current on underwater bed 14, entering from fish pass import 1, by the fish pass import bulkhead gate 2 opened, trip, through fish pass inducer 3, is swum in fish pass main body 4.The shoal of fish is swum in room, fish pass pond 12 subsequently, and owing to the long constriction plate 9.1 arranged in this room, fish pass pond 12 and short contraction version 9.2 hinder the shoal of fish of migration, the shoal of fish is swum into room, upper level fish pass pond 12 only by crossing fish perps 11.
In fish pass main body 4, owing to flow cavitation result is in 0.5 meter per second to 1.5 meter per seconds, the habit according to the migration shoal of fish, the shoal of fish can sail against the current trip through each room, fish pass pond 12, and the shoal of fish can be taken a quick nap in indoor, fish pass pond, after antisecosis, continue trip to room, upper level fish pass pond 12.In fish pass main body 4, long constriction plate 9.1 and short contraction version 9.2 relative spacing are arranged, make the shoal of fish swim with the path of " S " type and cross fish perps 11 through each.Having cobble 10 and illuminator 13 in fish pass main body 4, in wet environment, in fish pass main body 4, president has the plants such as moss, has well imitated the natural environment on riverbank, and the shoal of fish is easier to the process of its migration in familiar environment.In the natural surroundings that fish pass main body 4 is imitated, the shoal of fish is eventually swum through last room, fish pass pond 12.
When fish pass import bulkhead gate 2 and first goes out port strobe 6.1 all in opening, and second go out port strobe 6.2 when closing, owing to the second fishway exit 7.2 floor elevation is lower than the floor elevation of the first fishway exit 7.1, so the second fishway exit section 5.2 is also filled with river.But the river in the second fishway exit section 5.2 is stagnant water, the migration shoal of fish only can select the passage of water current to pass through, that is the migration shoal of fish can select to swim into the first fishway exit section 5.1, then pass through unlatching first goes out port strobe 6.1, swim out of the first fishway exit 7.1, swim into upper pond 15.
When fish pass import bulkhead gate 2 and second goes out port strobe 6.2 all in opening, and first go out port strobe 6.1 when closing, owing to the first fishway exit 7.1 floor elevation is higher than the second fishway exit 7.2 floor elevation, so now anhydrous in the first fishway exit section 5.1 or depth of water is lower than 1.5m, so the migration shoal of fish can be swum into the second fishway exit section 5.2 having water current to pass through, go out port strobe 6.2 by the second of unlatching, swim out of the second fishway exit 7.2, swim into upper pond 15.
So, no matter the migration shoal of fish swims out of fish pass by the first fishway exit 7.1, or swims out of fish pass by the second fishway exit 7.1, finally all can swim into upper pond 15, complete dam, continue migration.
The imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula multiple exit described in the utility model can substitute tradition fish pass open cut technique, it is provided that the pattern of a kind of brand-new fish pass design, fish pass main body 4 is arranged on inside massif.This structure is particularly well-suited to the topographic structure that dam site riverbed is narrow, massif height in two sides is steep；And massif destructiveness is little, protect the living environment of two sides terrestrial organism, it is possible to protect original ecological environment to greatest extent.
Traditional approach open cut fish pass needs profoundly to excavate massif, and fish pass both sides can form high steep excavation slope, has not only broken up original ecological environment, and the design difficulty of its slope reinforcement supporting is big, and construction requirement technology is high, involves great expense.And the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula multiple exit designed by this utility model compares tradition fish pass, not only protecting original ecological environment, and difficulty of designing and constructing is low, quantities is little, cost relative moderate.In fish pass main body 4 described in the utility model, the energy dissipating effect of long constriction plate 9.1 and short constriction plate 9.2, makes flow rate of water flow control to cross within the scope of perception flow velocity and the limit velocity of fish object in target, it is possible to make the shoal of fish of migration swim across fish pass main body 4 smoothly, walk around dam body, complete migration.In fish pass main body 4 described in the utility model, it is inlaid with cobble 10, it is provided with luminaire 13, described fish pass main body 4 is made well to have imitated the natural environment on natural riverbank, the shoal of fish that can allow migration adapts to environment around, swims across fish pass smoothly for the shoal of fish of migration and further provides favourable condition.
Multiple exit tunnel formula described in the utility model imitates nature fish pass, has a fish pass import 1 and two fishway exits, two fishway exit respectively the first fishway exit 7.1 and the second fishway exits 7.2.Structure containing two fishway exits makes the waterline that this utility model is adapted to upper pond 15 suddenly rise to drop and situation that luffing is bigger, when water level suddenly falls or is relatively low, can ensure that the second fishway exit 7.2 therein is also below waterline, it is ensured that in fish pass main body 4, have current to flow through.So when the water level of upper pond 15 is in and swims across within the scope of fish and water position, the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula multiple exit described in the utility model can ensure that in running order all the time, swims across fish pass smoothly for the shoal of fish of migration and further provides favourable condition.
Other unspecified part is prior art.
Claims (10)
1. the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula multiple exit, underwater bed (14) and upper pond (15) waters is connected by fish pass main body (4), it is characterised in that: described fish pass main body (4) is arranged on inside the massif on Power Plant (8) side；Fish pass import (1) is arranged in the underwater bed (14) of Power Plant (8)；Fishway exit (7) is arranged in the upper pond (15) of Power Plant (8)；The interior depth of water of described fish pass main body (4) is h；
Described fishway exit (7) is no less than two, and each fishway exit (7) is positioned on different elevation；
Described fish pass main body (4) is by being positioned at the sidewall (4.2) of both sides, being positioned at the base plate (4.3) of bottom and be positioned at the vault (4.1) at top and form；It is provided with multiple contraction section (9) in described fish pass main body (4) and fish pass main body (4) is spaced apart room, multiple fish pass pond (12)；
Fish perps (11) of crossing on described each contraction section (9) connects room, adjacent two fish pass pond (12).
2. the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula multiple exit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described fish pass main body (4) is in series including at least two threeway nodes；The upstream side of described fish pass main body (4) has at least two pipelines, connects different fishway exit sections respectively, and the distalmost end of described each fishway exit section upstream side arranges fishway exit, is provided with out port strobe in described each fishway exit section；The downstream of described fish pass main body (4) has a pipeline to connect fish pass inducer (3), the distalmost end in described fish pass inducer (3) downstream arranges fish pass import (1), is provided with fish pass import bulkhead gate (2) in described fish pass inducer (3).
3. the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula multiple exit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fish pass main body (4) is three way type structure, the upstream side of described fish pass main body (4) has two pipelines to connect the first fishway exit section (5.1) and the second fishway exit section (5.2) respectively；The downstream of described fish pass main body (4) has a pipeline to connect fish pass inducer (3)；
The distalmost end of described first fishway exit section (5.1) upstream side arranges the first fishway exit (7.1), is provided with first and goes out port strobe (6.1) in described first fishway exit section (5.1)；The distalmost end of described second fishway exit section (5.2) upstream side arranges the second fishway exit (7.2), is provided with second and goes out port strobe (6.2) in described second fishway exit section (5.2)；
The distalmost end in described fish pass inducer (3) downstream arranges fish pass import (1), is provided with fish pass import bulkhead gate (2) in described fish pass inducer (3).
4. the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula multiple exit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described each contraction section (9) is made up of a long constriction plate (9.1) and a short constriction plate (9.2)；Described long constriction plate (9.1) in described same contraction section (9) and on the vertical same vertical section being oppositely disposed in described fish pass main body (4) of described short constriction plate (9.2)；It was fish perps (11) between long constriction plate (9.1) and short constriction plate (9.2) in same contraction section (9)；A long constriction plate (9.1) and short constriction plate (9.2) adjacent spaces on a sidewall (4.2) of described fish pass main body (4) are arranged.
5. the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula multiple exit according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described long constriction plate (9.1) is rectangular slab block structure, described short constriction plate (9.2) is at the up-narrow and down-wide trapezoidal plate block structure of horizontal water (flow) direction；The thickness, highly all identical in vertical direction on Parallel to the flow direction of described long constriction plate (9.1) and described short constriction plate (9.2).
6. the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula multiple exit according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the thickness of described long constriction plate (9.1) and short constriction plate (9.2) is 0.1～0.3m, be highly not less than depth of water h in fish pass main body (4).
7. the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula multiple exit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the vault (4.1) of described fish pass main body (4) connects the top of two sidewalls (4.2) respectively for arc-shaped structure both sides.
8. the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula multiple exit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: 1.1～1.3 times that height H is fish pass main body (4) interior depth of water h of described fish pass main body (4).
9. the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula multiple exit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the width W of room, described pond (12) is preferably greater than 2 times of the longest the fish eyes standard type length, the length L of room, described pond (12) should take 2.5～3 times of the longest the fish eyes standard type length.
10. the imitative nature fish pass of tunnel formula multiple exit according to any one of claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that: described vault (4.1) is provided with and organizes luminaire (13) more, the surface in room, described each pond (12) is both provided with one group of luminaire (13), and the surface of described each contraction section (9) is both provided with one group of luminaire (13)；The position being not provided with contraction section (9) on described base plate (4.3) and two sidewalls (4.2) is all inlaid with cobble (10), and cobble (10) height on said two sidewall (4.2) is consistent with fish pass main body (4) interior depth of water h.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105484213A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-04-13 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Tunnel type multi-outlet nature-like fish way |
| CN107700441A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-02-16 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Compound fish channel structure on Narrow Valleys landform dam |
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2015
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105484213A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-04-13 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Tunnel type multi-outlet nature-like fish way |
| CN105484213B (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2018-03-20 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Tunnel formula multiple exit imitates nature fish pass |
| CN107700441A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-02-16 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Compound fish channel structure on Narrow Valleys landform dam |
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