CN110629727A - Hydraulic design method for novel bionic fishway at estuary - Google Patents
Hydraulic design method for novel bionic fishway at estuary Download PDFInfo
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- CN110629727A CN110629727A CN201910695061.7A CN201910695061A CN110629727A CN 110629727 A CN110629727 A CN 110629727A CN 201910695061 A CN201910695061 A CN 201910695061A CN 110629727 A CN110629727 A CN 110629727A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
- E02B8/085—Devices allowing fish migration, e.g. fish traps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a novel bionic fishway hydraulic design method for a river mouth. The novel bionic fishway hydraulic design method for the estuary is divided into four parts, namely, the types and the characteristic swimming speed of fishes in a collected engineering area, the upstream and downstream water levels of fishway operation and the natural attributes of rivers are investigated and collected; secondly, determining the equivalent width of a fish room, the water depth of the fish room, the length of the fish room and the bottom slope of the fish way of the novel bionic fishway; thirdly, determining the detailed structure of the fish chamber, including the section form, the short partition plate, the long partition plate, the vertical seam, the pebble piling partition wall and the longitudinal hole plate; fourthly, determining the operation flow and the high and low flow rates of the fishway. The fish passing facility designed in the way can be suitable for the behavior characteristics of different fishes, has rich water flow environment and flow state of water flow characteristics, improves the dam passing efficiency of different fishes, can meet the requirement of large water level amplitude of a river mouth, and has important social, economic and environmental benefits for protecting the biodiversity and the river communication.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of engineering construction of fish passing facilities, in particular to a novel bionic fishway hydraulic design method for a river mouth.
Background
The water conservancy project plays a great social and economic benefit in aspects of flood control, power generation, irrigation and the like. However, after a permanent river-blocking building is built on a natural river, the transportation of substances and energy from top to bottom of the river is blocked, so that migratory and semi-migratory aquatic organisms which need to migrate in a large range in the process of completing the life history are often destructively attacked, and as the aquatic organisms cannot reach the original breeding farm, bait-rigging farm or overwintering farm to complete the life history, the resource amount is seriously influenced, the population genetic diversity is reduced, the quality of fishes is degraded, and rare or endangered fishes face the risk of extinct. The construction of the three rivers and the Wanfu sluice in Yangzhou area of Jiangsu province cuts off the fish migration route of lakes and Yangtze rivers, reduces the total yield of aquatic resources of Hongze lakes by 71-79 percent, reduces the fishes tracing to the Yangtze rivers by 57 percent, obviously reduces the fishes with large economic value, obviously increases trash fishes, and nearly eliminates the trails of eels and crabs. In fact, any hydraulic engineering should be ecological engineering in nature, and should not be at the cost of destroying ecology while changing nature to benefit mankind, fish is the owner of natural river, and fishway is a fish-passing building built by gate dam for fish migration, and is an important measure for protecting natural fishery resources, achieving biological diversity and sustainable development, and success or failure thereof is an important evaluation index for river ecosystem health. The earliest fishway in the world appears in France, and the first enactment of the Bayal province in southwest France in 1662 requires that fish up-and-down passages are built on weirs and dams to facilitate the upward tracing of aquatic life. After the 60's of the 20 th century, fishways have been developed extensively in the united states, canada, europe and japan, but the number of fishways that have been truly successful is not large, and fishways built in the dam of the gaander of northern africa seibu river in 1991 are not suitable for the upward tracing of menhaden in local rivers; the new south welsh in australia, mid 20 th century and the 80 th century, was not adapted to local fish by the design criteria and was finally rated as invalid, and similar situations occurred in japan and taiwan. The scientific experiments related to the fishway are firstly carried out in the construction of power stations of Qili ridges in Fuchunjiang of Zhejiang in 1958 in China, and the development of the fishway is about 300 years after the whole growth of the fishway in developed countries of Europe. The estuary fishes in China are various in species, high in biological diversity and quite complex in ecological system and water flow conditions, so that the research and development of a bionic fishway technology suitable for the behavior characteristics of the estuary fishes are urgently needed to meet the requirements of ecological civilization construction and social progress in China.
The retrieval of relevant data including Chinese patents shows that no report about the novel bionic fishway hydraulic design method of estuary exists at home and abroad at present.
Disclosure of Invention
(1) Technical problem to be solved
The bionic fishway is a fish passing facility with the best fish passing effect and the widest fish species. Estuary fishes are abundant in resources, and different fish species respond to water flow conditions in a wide range. However, at a strong tide estuary such as Minjiang, the water head can reach more than 4m within 12 hours, different fish species are superposed under complex water flow conditions, so that how to apply structural measures to create the optimal hydraulic conditions capable of meeting different fish behavior characteristics provides a hydraulic design method adaptive to the estuary bionic fishway structure, and becomes a technical problem to be solved by success and up-trace of fish passing facilities and target fishes.
(2) Technical scheme
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a novel bionic fishway hydraulic design method for estuary. The method is characterized in that: the novel bionic fishway hydraulic design method for the estuary is divided into four parts, namely, investigation and collection of the species and the characteristic swimming speed of fishes in an engineering area, the upstream and downstream water levels of fishway operation and the natural attributes of rivers; secondly, determining the equivalent width of a fish room, the water depth of the fish room, the length of the fish room and the bottom slope of the fish way of the novel bionic fishway; thirdly, determining the detailed structure of the fish chamber, including the section form, the short partition plate, the long partition plate, the vertical seam, the pebble piling partition wall and the longitudinal hole plate; fourthly, determining the operation flow and the high and low flow rates of the fishway.
The equivalent width of a fish chamber, the water depth of the fish chamber, the length of the fish chamber and the bottom slope of the fish way of the novel bionic fish way are determined by the following formula
Equivalent width of fish chamber (1)
WhereinThe length (m) of the fish passing object is the maximum,is the natural river width (m) of a project area under the condition of ecological flow,the number of the fish passing objects in the engineering area,the total number of the fishes in the engineering area,the maximum average body length (m) of the fish subjects.
(2)
WhereinThe maximum body length (m) of the ith fish passing object.
Depth of water in fish chamber （3）
Length of fish chamber (4)
Bottom slope of fishway (5)
WhereinIs a natural river slope and a decline method,the maximum limit swimming speed (m/s) of the fish passing object is obtained,the minimum induced flow velocity (m/s) is for the fish passing object.
The fish chamber details are defined by
Section of fish chamber
（6）
b1: b2: b3: b4=1:1.925:2.1:0.25 (7)
Wherein b is1、b2、b3、b4Is a unit (m) composed of rectangle and right trapezoid conforming to the parameters of section body type
Short partition board
Length of short partition （8）
Thickness of short partition plate （9）
Corner radius of short partition plate （10）
Central angle 90 °
Long partition plate
Length of long partition （11）
Thickness of long partition plate （12）
Corner radius of long partition （13）
Central angle 90 °
Vertical seam
The width of the vertical seam: （14）
pebble piling partition wall
Height of the pebble piling wall: （15）
the cobble piling partition wall has wide bottom: （16）
the cobble piling partition wall is wide at the top: (17)
thickness of the pebble-piled partition wall: （18）
the pebble-piled partition wall meets the section body parameters in the unit of m
Opening rate and distribution:
the random porosity is formed by controlling the grading of pebbles, namely three pebbles of 20cm, 12cm and 4cm are adopted, wherein 20cm of pebbles with large particle size account for about 75% of the volume of the partition plate, 12cm of pebbles with medium particle size account for about 15% of the volume of the partition plate, and 4cm of pebbles with small particle size account for about 10% of the volume of the partition plate. The average porosity is controlled to be 39%
Artificial opening diameter of the pebble-piled partition wall: （19）
the vertical interval of the artificial hole of the pebble-piled partition wall is as follows: （20）
the artificial hole opening horizontal distance of the pebble piling partition wall is as follows: (21)
radius of curvature of S channel: (22)
longitudinal orifice plate
Length: (23)
pore diameter: (24)
manual perforation vertical spacing of longitudinal pore plates: (25)
manual perforation horizontal spacing of longitudinal pore plates: (26)
the fishway running flow and the high and low flow rates are determined by the following formula
Fishway traffic flow (27)
WhereinIs the water head difference (m) between the upstream and the downstream of the fishway,has a unit of (m)3/s）
Average water flow velocity of pebble-piled partition wall
Water passing area of pebble piling partition wall
（28）
Average water flow velocity of pebble-piled partition wall
(29)
WhereinThe porosity of the pebble-piled partition wall is determined to be 39% by an experiment, and the flow velocity non-uniform coefficient of the pebble-piled partition wall areaMean value 1.10
Mean flow velocity of water through the perps
Water passing area of the vertical seam: (30)
average water flow rate of the vertical seam: (31)
coefficient of flow non-uniformity in perpsMean value 1.72
(3) The invention has the advantages of
The designed estuary bionic fishway has rich flow field characteristics, can meet the water flow conditions of different fishes tracing upwards, has high fish passing efficiency, can meet the requirement of large water level amplitude of estuary, and has important social, economic and environmental benefits for protecting biodiversity and river communication.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view of the fish chamber of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the fish chamber of the present invention
FIG. 3 is the overall plan layout of the grass-leaved fishway engineering of the invention
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a grass-leaved yellowtail chamber of the present invention
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a grass-leaved yellowtail chamber of the present invention
FIG. 6 is a detailed view of the short partition, the long partition and the longitudinal orifice of the grass-leaved yellowtail chamber of the invention
FIG. 7 is a detail view of the grass-mouth pebble-packed diaphragm wall of the present invention
Reference numbers in the figures: the fish pond building device comprises a long partition plate 1, a vertical seam 2, a short partition plate 3, a pebble stacking partition wall 4, an S-shaped fish passing hole 5, a longitudinal hole plate 6, a fish pond bottom width, a fish pond top width, a fish pond height, a fish pond bottom rectangular height, a pebble stacking partition wall bottom width and a pebble stacking partition wall bottom width.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further clearly and completely described below with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Example 1:
the first step is as follows: obtaining the species and characteristic swimming speed of fish, the upstream and downstream water level of fishway operation and the river natural property
According to the investigation results of fish resources below Minjiang low reaches (bamboo Qiqi bridge low reaches) and bamboo-mouth hydropower stations in the Dazhangxi dry flow boundary, 61 kinds of fishes are collected below the bamboo-mouth hydropower stations in the Dazhangxi dry flow boundary, the fishes belong to 47 families of 5 meshes and 13 families, 17 kinds of fish passing objects are determined, 1 kind of information is absent, 16 kinds of fish passing objects are calculated, and the kinds and the characteristic flow rate of the fish passing objects are shown in table 1. The maximum fish passing object has a body length of 0.6m, the maximum average body length of 0.30375m, the maximum limit flow rate of 1.56m/s and the minimum induction flow rate of 0.08 m/s. And under the standard water flow condition in the fish passing period, the upper stream is the normal high water level of 9.00m, and the most unfavorable water level of-0.11 m (the lowest water level of a low inlet) is arranged at the lower stream.
TABLE 1 target Fish species and characteristic flow rates
The grass-leaved-mouth fishway is positioned on a 1.2km large camphor brook downstream of a rural grass-leaved village in front of the Yongtai county, the average slope drop of the river is 0.1 percent, and the ecological flow is 13.8m3The corresponding river width of the engineering area is 160m at/s.
The second step is that: determining the equivalent width B of the fish chamber of the bionic fishway, the water depth H of the fish chamber, the length L of the fish chamber and the bottom slope I of the fishway
Determining the equivalent width B =2.925m of the fish room according to the formulas (1) and (2)
Namely, it is
Maximum average body length of fish passing subject
Is determined according to equation (3)
Depth of water in fish chamberTake 2 m.
Determined according to equation (4)
Length of fish chamberTake 4.5 m.
Determining the bottom slope of the fishway according to the formula (5)
Take 1/136.7
Thirdly, determining the detailed structure of the fish chamber
Determining the bottom width of the section of the fish room according to the formula (6)
Determined according to equation (7)
Width of fish chamber cross sectionHeight of fish room
Determining the short partition Length according to equation (8)
Determining the short partition thickness according to equation (9)
Determining short partition corner radius according to equation (10)
Central angle 90 °
Determining the length of the long partition according to equation (11)
Determining the long baffle plate thickness according to equation (12)
Determining the corner radius of the long partition according to equation (13)
Central angle 90 °
The perl width is determined according to equation (14):
determining the gravel pile wall height according to the formula (15)Degree:
determining the bottom width of the pebble-piled partition wall according to the formula (16):
determining the top width of the pebble-piled partition wall according to the formula (17):
determining the thickness of the pebble-piled partition wall according to equation (18):
determining the diameter of the artificial open pore of the pebble-piled partition wall according to the formula (19):
determining the vertical spacing of the artificial open holes of the pebble-piled partition wall according to the formula (20):
determining the horizontal spacing of the artificial open holes of the pebble-piled partition wall according to the formula (21):
determining the radius of curvature of the S channel of the pebble-piled partition wall according to the formula (22):
determining a longitudinal orifice length according to equation (23):
determining a longitudinal bore hole diameter according to equation (24):
determining the vertical spacing of the longitudinal orifice plate openings according to equation (25):
determining the horizontal spacing of the longitudinal orifice plate openings according to equation (26):
the fourth step: determining the operation flow and high and low flow rate of fishway
Determining the flow rate of the fishway when the upstream normal high water level is 9.00m and the downstream minimum water level is-0.11 m according to the formula (27)
Determining the area of the pebble-piled partition wall according to the formula (28)
Determining the average flow velocity of water flowing through the pebble-piled partition wall according to the formula (29)Flow rate fluctuation value of 0.3 to 0.4 (m/s)
Determination of the perps Water passage area according to equation (30)
Determination of the mean perwater flow velocity of the perps according to equation (31)Flow rate fluctuation value of 0.6 to 0.88 (m/s)
The present embodiment is not intended to limit the shape, material, structure, etc. of the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A novel bionic fishway hydraulic design method at a river mouth,
the method is characterized in that: the novel bionic fishway hydraulic design method for the estuary is divided into four parts, namely, investigation and collection of the species and the characteristic swimming speed of fishes in an engineering area, the upstream and downstream water levels of fishway operation and the natural attributes of rivers; secondly, determining the equivalent width of a fish room, the water depth of the fish room, the length of the fish room and the bottom slope of the fish way of the novel bionic fishway; thirdly, determining the detailed structure of the fish chamber, including the section form, the short partition plate, the long partition plate, the vertical seam, the pebble piling partition wall and the longitudinal hole plate; fourthly, determining the operation flow and the high and low flow rates of the fishway.
2. The hydraulic design method of the novel bionic fishway at the estuary as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the investigation and collection engineering region fish species and characteristic swimming speed, the water level of the fish way upstream and downstream and the natural property of the river
The collected fish species information includes all the fishes n in the engineering areatObject n for breeding and fish-crossing0The body length of the fish-growing and passing objectMaximum average body length of fish passing objectMaximum limit swimming speed of fish passing objectAnd minimum induced flow rate(ii) a The water levels of the upper and lower parts of the collected fishway comprise the normal water level and the lowest water level of the upper part of the fishway, and the highest water level and the lowest water level of the lower part of the fishway; the collected natural attributes of the river include river slopes in the engineering areaDescendWidth of natural river in dry season or under ecological flow conditions。
3. The hydraulic design method of the novel bionic fishway at the estuary as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the equivalent width of a fish chamber, the water depth of the fish chamber, the length of the fish chamber and the bottom slope of the fish way of the novel bionic fish way are determined by the following formula
Equivalent width of fish chamber (1)
WhereinThe length (m) of the fish passing object is the maximum,the width (m) and n of the natural river in the engineering area under the ecological flow condition0Number of fish passing objects in engineering area, ntThe total number of the fishes in the engineering area,for fish passing object maximum average body length (m)
(2)
WhereinThe maximum body length (m) of the ith fish passing object
Depth of water in fish chamber （3）
Length of fish chamber (4)
Bottom slope of fishway (5)
WhereinIs a natural river slope and a decline method,the maximum limit swimming speed (m/s) of the fish passing object is obtained,the minimum induced flow velocity (m/s) is for the fish passing object.
4. The hydraulic design method of the novel bionic fishway at the estuary as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the fish chamber details are defined by
Section of fish chamber
WhereinIs a unit (m) composed of rectangle and right trapezoid conforming to the parameters of section body type
Short partition board
Length of short partition （8）
Thickness of short partition plate （9）
Corner radius of short partition plate （10）
Central angle 90 °
Long partition plate
Length of long partition （11）
Thickness of long partition plate （12）
Corner radius of long partition （13）
Central angle 90 °
Vertical seam
The width of the vertical seam: （14）
pebble piling partition wall
Height of the pebble piling wall: （15）
the cobble piling partition wall has wide bottom: （16）
the cobble piling partition wall is wide at the top: (17)
thickness of the pebble-piled partition wall: （18）
the pebble-piled partition wall meets the section body parameters in the unit of m
Opening rate and distribution:
the random porosity is formed by controlling the grading of pebbles, namely three pebbles of 20cm, 12cm and 4cm are adopted, wherein 20cm of pebbles with large particle size account for about 75% of the volume of the partition plate, 12cm of pebbles with medium particle size account for about 15% of the volume of the partition plate, 4cm of pebbles with small particle size account for about 10% of the volume of the partition plate,
the average porosity is controlled to be 39%
Artificial opening diameter of the pebble-piled partition wall: （19）
the vertical interval of the artificial hole of the pebble-piled partition wall is as follows: （20）
the artificial hole opening horizontal distance of the pebble piling partition wall is as follows: (21)
radius of curvature of S channel: (22)
longitudinal orifice plate
Length: (23)
pore diameter: (24)
manual perforation vertical spacing of longitudinal pore plates: (25)
manual perforation horizontal spacing of longitudinal pore plates: (26)。
5. the hydraulic design method of the novel bionic fishway at the estuary as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the fishway running flow and the high and low flow rates are determined by the following formula
Fishway traffic flow (27)
WhereinIs the water head difference (m) between the upstream and the downstream of the fishway,has a unit of (m)3/s）
Average water flow velocity of pebble-piled partition wall
Water passing area of pebble piling partition wall
（28）
Average water flow velocity of pebble-piled partition wall
(29)
WhereinThe porosity of the pebble-piled partition wall is determined to be 39% by an experiment, and the flow velocity non-uniform coefficient of the pebble-piled partition wall areaMean value 1.10
Mean flow velocity of water through the perps
Water passing area of the vertical seam: (30)
average water flow rate of the vertical seam: (31)
coefficient of flow non-uniformity in perpsMean 1.72.
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| CN115852910A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-03-28 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Modular fish slope structure, design method and construction method thereof |
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| CN110629727B (en) | 2021-04-06 |
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