CN114737537A - Multifunctional ecological vertical seam type fishway beneficial to eel migration - Google Patents
Multifunctional ecological vertical seam type fishway beneficial to eel migration Download PDFInfo
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- CN114737537A CN114737537A CN202210417922.7A CN202210417922A CN114737537A CN 114737537 A CN114737537 A CN 114737537A CN 202210417922 A CN202210417922 A CN 202210417922A CN 114737537 A CN114737537 A CN 114737537A
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- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 241000252073 Anguilliformes Species 0.000 abstract description 14
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- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000252089 Anguilla marmorata Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
- E02B8/085—Devices allowing fish migration, e.g. fish traps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a multifunctional ecological vertical seam type fishway beneficial to eel migration, which comprises a fishway inlet, a fishway retaining wall, a fishway bottom plate, a fishway outlet and vertical seam clapboards for dividing the fishway into a plurality of pool room units, wherein a plurality of vertical hairbrushes are arranged on the fishway bottom plate at the vertical seams of the vertical seam clapboards, and egg gravel layers or nylon nets are alternately laid on the fishway bottom plates in the pool room units. The bottom of the vertical seam is provided with a hairbrush for the eel to climb and shuttle between. According to the characteristic that eels can adhere to the wall surface of a wet rough building and move upwards, a gravel layer and a nylon net are laid at intervals in each pool chamber at the bottom of the fishway, the gravel layer can change the micro habitat of water flow at the bottom, bottom turbulence is created, the impact of the water flow on the eels is weakened, and meanwhile concave-convex gaps are formed on the gravel layer, so that the eels can swim and climb. The bottom nylon net can change the bottom of the pool chamber into a rough bottom surface, so that the friction force at the bottom is increased, and the eel can conveniently adhere to and move upwards.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vertical seam type fishway, in particular to a multifunctional ecological vertical seam type fishway beneficial to eel migration.
Background
The fish way is a hydraulic building which is built near a river blocking building and is communicated with the upstream and downstream of a river for fish to pass through, and is an artificial channel for fish to pass through buildings such as gates, dams and the like or natural barriers. Through the adoption of engineering technology and ecological measures, the flow state and the flow speed of water flow can attract and induce fishes to trace upwards, the requirement of the fishes on tracing upwards is met, and therefore the fishes are helped to cross barriers such as a gate and a dam in the bearable pressure range of the fishes. The fishway can slow down the influence of hydraulic engineering construction on aquatic ecology, and plays an important role in maintaining aquatic organism diversity and aquatic ecosystem balance.
According to the current classification of fishways, fishways are mainly divided into technical fishways, nature-imitated fishways, mixed fishways and the like, and each type of fishway can be divided into various types according to different designs. In any fishway type, the design is specific to fish passing objects, such as fishes with higher economic value or rare special fishes. Generally, one fishway type is only beneficial to passing of some key fish objects, but a plurality of fishes exist in a natural river, the habits of various fishes are greatly different, and different fishes adapt to different flow rates in migration period, so that only the traditional fishway design has certain limitation, for example, the difference of vertical seam upper and lower flow rates is small under the condition that a single vertical seam partition type fishway has no other measures, the fishway is not designed according to the difference of the habits of the fishes in a differentiation and ecology mode, the fish passing species are single, and the diversity of species of upstream and downstream rivers and the balance of an ecological system cannot be maintained.
Eel: generally speaking, the fishes belonging to the order anguillales and the family anguillaceae are normally migratory fishes, namely the fishes which are mature in nature and then descend the river from a fresh water river to deep sea for spawning after sexual maturity, the eggs hatch to become the young fishes, the fishes float to the river mouth along with the ocean current to grow into glass eels, the glass eels trace the migration and enter the fresh water river for growth in 4-9 months, the continuous growth in the migration process of the glass eels is called growth migration, and the growth migration is a key link for supplementing biological resources of the species. Eel fishes are fierce in sexual conditions, live in water bodies such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs and the like after migrating into fresh water rivers, often are hidden in near-shore caves, like dark and fearful, appear in the daytime and night, can climb to land sometimes, move to other nearby water bodies through moist places, belong to carnivorous fishes, and eat by aquatic organisms such as small fishes, shrimps, crabs, river snails, razor clams, clam worms and the like. In eel species, there are national two-stage protection animal anguilla marmorata.
The eel is especially a glass eel for growth migration, the swimming capability of the eel is weaker, but the eel has the characteristic that the eel can be adhered to the wall surface of a rough building with wet thin flow to move upwards, the difference is larger than that of conventional fishes, the characteristic can be utilized to carry out special ecological transformation on a fishway at a river mouth with eel migration, the efficiency of eel and other fishes in migration is improved, and the key problems that the fishway is single in function and the migration of the national second-level protection animal anguilla marmorata is blocked are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a multifunctional ecological vertical joint type fishway beneficial to eel migration, which improves eel migration efficiency by adding an ecological facility at the bottom of the vertical joint type fishway, creates a multifunctional layered water flow state, meets the requirement that different fishes simultaneously pass through the fishway, and improves fish passing efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a be favorable to multi-functional ecological perps formula fishway of eel migration, includes fishway import, fishway barricade, fishway bottom plate, fishway export and cuts apart into the perps baffle of a plurality of pond room unit with the fishway, is provided with vertical multibeam brush on the fishway bottom plate of perps department of perps baffle, lays gravel layer or nylon net on the fishway bottom plate in a plurality of pond room unit at intervals.
The height of the hairbrush is 0.1-0.2 m, the diameter of each hairbrush bundle is 2cm, the interval between the hairbrushes is 3-8 cm, and the hairbrush bundles are arranged in a quincunx shape.
The height of the pebble layer protruding out of the bottom plate is 0.08-0.15 m, and the mesh number of the nylon net at the bottom of the fishway is not less than 10 meshes.
The fishway inlet is positioned near a fish migration route and a frequent clustering place, the included angle between the axis and the riverbed water flow is not more than 45 degrees, and the water depth at the inlet is not less than 1.0 m.
The fishway outlet is positioned in a water area with smooth water flow, no circulation area and flow velocity not greater than 0.5m/s, the included angle between the axis of the fish outlet and the water flow of the riverbed is not greater than 45 degrees, and the water depth of the outlet is not less than 1.0 m.
The fishway width is more than or equal to 2.0m, and the bottom slope of the fishway is not more than 1: 30.
The height of the vertical seam partition plate is not lower than the designed water surface, the height of the water surface of the fishway is more than or equal to 1.0m, the width of the vertical seam is not less than 1/3, the length of the fish passing object is larger than or equal to 40 cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: simple structure, the easy design construction can realize multiple fish migration, satisfies the function needs that multiple different fishes were passed through the fishway simultaneously, has especially considered the demand that eel class was migrated, has built the passageway habitat that suitable estuary multiple fish population was migrated simultaneously, and the fishway has long service life, factor of safety height. Is beneficial to the national secondary protection of the anguilla marmorata and the protection of the aquatic biodiversity at the upstream and downstream.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a multifunctional ecological vertical-seam type fishway for eel migration in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the multifunctional ecological vertical-seam type fishway for eel migration according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a vertical-seam cross-sectional view of the multifunctional ecological vertical-seam type fishway for eel migration of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the vertical joint of the multifunctional ecological vertical joint type fishway for eel migration.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top/bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "sleeved/connected," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the multifunctional ecological vertical seam type fishway beneficial to eel migration comprises a fishway inlet 3, a fishway retaining wall 6, a fishway bottom plate 16, a fishway outlet 4 and vertical seam clapboards 8 for dividing the fishway into a plurality of pool chamber units 2, a plurality of vertical hairbrushes 10 are arranged on the fishway bottom plate 16 at the vertical seams 9 of the vertical seam clapboards 8, and gravel layers 11 or nylon nets 12 are alternately laid on the fishway bottom plates 16 in the pool chamber units 2.
Preferably, the height of the brush 10 is between 0.1m and 0.2m, the diameter of each brush is 2cm, the interval between the brushes is 3cm to 8cm, and the brush bundles are arranged in a quincunx shape. The height of the gravel layer 11 protruding out of the bottom plate is 0.08-0.15 m, and the mesh number of the nylon net at the bottom of the fishway is not less than 10 meshes.
The fishway inlet 3 is positioned near a fish migration route and a frequent clustering place, the included angle between the axis and the riverbed water flow is not more than 45 degrees, and the inlet water depth is not less than 1.0 m. The fishway outlet 4 is positioned in a water area with smooth water flow, no circulation area and flow velocity not greater than 0.5m/s, the included angle between the axis of the fish outlet and the water flow of the riverbed is not greater than 45 degrees, and the water depth of the outlet is not less than 1.0 m. The fishway width is more than or equal to 2.0m, and the bottom slope of the fishway is not more than 1: 30. The height of the vertical seam partition plate 8 is not lower than the designed water surface, the height of the water surface of the fishway is more than or equal to 1.0m, the width of the vertical seam 9 is not less than 1/3, the length of the fish passing object is larger than or equal to 40 cm.
The multifunctional ecological vertical seam type fishway beneficial to eel migration is suitable for river entrances, meets 14 migration of various fishes, and considers the growth migration requirement of glass eels in eels 15. Because the flow velocity at the vertical seam is relatively large, the swimming capacity of eels is weak, in order to protect the biological resources of eels 15, according to the characteristic that the eels can adhere to the wall surface of a rough building which is wet with thin flow and move upwards, egg gravel layers 11 and nylon nets 12 are alternately laid at the bottom of each pool room of the fishway, the egg gravel layers 11 can change the micro habitat of bottom water flow, create bottom turbulence, weaken the direct impact of the water flow on the eels 15, reduce the swimming difficulty of the eels 15, and simultaneously, concave-convex gaps formed among the gravels of the egg gravel layers 11 can facilitate the S-shaped climbing swimming of the eels. The bottom nylon net 12 changes the bottom of the pool chamber into a rough bottom surface, the friction force of the bottom is increased, the nylon net is kept moist by water flow, and the eel 15 can conveniently move upwards by adhesion. The water flow at the vertical seam 9 of the fishway is the largest and is a barrier which needs to be broken through when fishes go up, for other fishes 14, each time of protruding swimming can pass through the vertical seam relatively easily, for eel 15 with poor swimming capability, the hairbrushes are arranged at the vertical seams according to the habits of good climbing and S-shaped swimming, the arrangement mode of the hairbrushes is shown in a quincunx arrangement, a gap of 3-8 cm is reserved between every two hairbrushes for eel 15 to climb and shuttle between the hairbrushes, the influence of water flow impact on the vertical seams of the eel is weakened, and the efficiency of the eel 15 passing through the vertical seams 9 is improved.
The other fishes in the invention refer to saline-and-freshwater water-based fishes living in the middle and lower reaches and mouths of rivers, and generally have certain migration behaviors in different fishes in breeding seasons, which is mainly shown in that sexual mature adult fishes trace to a proper spawning ground in the upper reaches of rivers to perform spawning, namely reproductive migration. Reproductive migration of other fish is a key factor for maintaining the genetic diversity of the fish in rivers. Other fishes can complete the mating of upstream and downstream fishes through reproductive migration, ensure gene communication and further maintain gene diversity.
The fishway is of a reinforced concrete structure, the fishway width 5 is determined according to the size of fish species, and the width is more than or equal to 2.0 m. The fishway inlet 3 is positioned at the most upstream part where fishes can go up or near the fish migration route and the frequent clustering place, the included angle between the axis and the riverbed water flow is not more than 45 degrees, the lowest design water level is selected to pass the common average low water level under the dam in the fish season, and the water level guarantee rate reaches 90 percent. The inlet water depth is not less than 1.0 m. The fishway outlet 4 is positioned in a water area with smooth water flow, no circulation area and flow rate not more than 0.5m/s, and avoids areas such as a floater gathering area, a wharf, swimming, a pleasure boat and the like; far away from various water inlets (taking) and gate areas of navigation buildings, the included angle between the axis of the fishway outlet and the stream flow of the riverbed is not more than 45, and the water depth is not less than 1.0 m.
In the embodiment, the construction is performed according to the following steps: firstly, fishway overall steel bar structure construction is carried out, after fishway construction is completed, pebble stones and nylon nets are laid at intervals in a fishway bottom pool chamber, the pebble gravel particle size is 5-20 cm, the pebble stones are irregularly arranged at the bottom of the pool chamber, the nylon nets are laid at the bottom of the pool chamber after being padded with fine pebble stones, later maintenance is facilitated, metal hangers are embedded in pool walls of the pool chamber where the nylon nets are laid, the metal hangers are tightly attached to the bottom of the pool, the nylon nets and the pool bottom are prevented from forming large gaps to cause fish to enter by mistake, multiple layers of nylon nets can be laid according to the thickness of the bottom, brushes are arranged at vertical seams, the vertical seams are smoothly connected with two pool chambers of an upstream pool and a downstream pool, the height of the brushes is 0.1-0.2 m, the diameter of each brush is 2cm, and the brush intervals are 3-8 cm.
After the fishway is built, differentiated water flow speeds can be formed inside the fishway, the bottom egg gravel layer 11 is increased, the nylon net 12 and the vertical joint hairbrush 10 are arranged, each layer of fishes can walk in the fishway, mutual influence of the fishes in the fishway when passing is avoided, the vertical joint hairbrush 10 can provide an auxiliary climbing matrix for the eel 15, the bottom of the fishway vertical joint 9 is prevented from rushing away the eel, the bottom egg gravel layer 11 in the pool chamber creates a turbulent flow effect, the fishes can conveniently find a proper space, the bottom nylon net 12 can provide friction force required for climbing for the eel 15, the strength of the eel 15 impacted by water flow is reduced, and the efficiency of the eel 15 passing through the fishway is improved.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea and features of the present invention, and the purpose of the present invention is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and to implement the present invention accordingly, but not to limit the scope of the present invention by only the embodiments, i.e. all equivalent changes or modifications made within the spirit of the present invention disclosed in the present invention still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a be favorable to multi-functional ecological perps formula fishway of eel migration, includes fishway import (3), fishway barricade (6), fishway bottom plate (16), fishway export (4) and with fishway split into perps baffle (8) of a plurality of pond room unit (2), its characterized in that is provided with vertical multibeam brush (10) on perps bottom plate (16) of perps (9) department of perps baffle (8), lay ovum gravel layer (11) or nylon wire (12) on perps bottom plate (16) in a plurality of pond room unit (2) at intervals.
2. The multifunctional ecological vertical-seam type fishway for eel migration according to claim 1, wherein the height of the hairbrushes (10) is 0.1-0.2 m, the diameter of each hairbrush is 2cm, the hairbrushes are spaced at intervals of 3-8 cm, and the hairbrushes are arranged in a quincunx pattern.
3. The multifunctional ecological vertical joint type fishway beneficial to eel migration according to claim 1, wherein the height of the gravel layer (11) protruding out of the bottom plate is 0.08-0.15 m, and the number of nylon meshes at the bottom of the fishway is not less than 10 meshes.
4. The multifunctional ecological vertical-seam type fishway beneficial to eel migration according to claim 1, wherein the fishway inlet (3) is positioned near a fish migration route and a frequent clustering place, the included angle between the axis and river bed water flow is not more than 45 degrees, and the inlet water depth is not less than 1.0 m.
5. The multifunctional ecological vertical-seam fish way beneficial to eel migration according to claim 1, wherein the fish way outlet (4) is positioned in a water area with smooth water flow, no circular flow area and flow speed of not more than 0.5m/s, the included angle between the fish outlet axis and the river bed water flow is not more than 45 degrees, and the outlet water depth is not less than 1.0 m.
6. The multifunctional ecological vertical-seam type fishway beneficial to eel migration according to claim 1, wherein the fishway width is more than or equal to 2.0m, and the bottom slope of the fishway is not more than 1: 30.
7. The multifunctional ecological vertical seam type fishway beneficial to eel migration according to claim 1, wherein the height of the vertical seam partition plate (8) is not lower than the designed water surface, the height of the fishway water surface is more than or equal to 1.0m, the width of the vertical seam (9) is not less than 1/3, the length of a fish passing object is not less than 40cm, and the width of the vertical seam is more than or equal to 40 cm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210417922.7A CN114737537A (en) | 2022-04-18 | 2022-04-18 | Multifunctional ecological vertical seam type fishway beneficial to eel migration |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210417922.7A CN114737537A (en) | 2022-04-18 | 2022-04-18 | Multifunctional ecological vertical seam type fishway beneficial to eel migration |
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| CN114737537A true CN114737537A (en) | 2022-07-12 |
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| CN202210417922.7A Pending CN114737537A (en) | 2022-04-18 | 2022-04-18 | Multifunctional ecological vertical seam type fishway beneficial to eel migration |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102747716A (en) * | 2012-07-25 | 2012-10-24 | 中国水电顾问集团成都勘测设计研究院 | Vertical seam type fishway structure |
| CN106689011A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-24 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | Mobile slope-type eel slide |
| CN207392163U (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-05-22 | 天科院环境科技发展（天津）有限公司 | One species nature vertical seam type fish channel |
| CN208899439U (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-05-24 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | A kind of vertical seam type fish channel with more ecological HYDRODYNAMIC CONDITION RELATING TOs |
| CN209482169U (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-10-11 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of culvert connectivity reparation structure |
| CN110629727A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-12-31 | 福建省水利水电勘测设计研究院 | Hydraulic design method for novel bionic fishway at estuary |
| KR20200025000A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2020-03-10 | 한국농어촌공사 | A fish ladder for migratory fish moving upstream in estuary |
-
2022
- 2022-04-18 CN CN202210417922.7A patent/CN114737537A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102747716A (en) * | 2012-07-25 | 2012-10-24 | 中国水电顾问集团成都勘测设计研究院 | Vertical seam type fishway structure |
| CN106689011A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-24 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | Mobile slope-type eel slide |
| CN207392163U (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-05-22 | 天科院环境科技发展（天津）有限公司 | One species nature vertical seam type fish channel |
| KR20200025000A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2020-03-10 | 한국농어촌공사 | A fish ladder for migratory fish moving upstream in estuary |
| CN208899439U (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-05-24 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | A kind of vertical seam type fish channel with more ecological HYDRODYNAMIC CONDITION RELATING TOs |
| CN209482169U (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-10-11 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of culvert connectivity reparation structure |
| CN110629727A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-12-31 | 福建省水利水电勘测设计研究院 | Hydraulic design method for novel bionic fishway at estuary |
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