CN109930567B - River water flow impact catchment area fish lens structure - Google Patents
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 22
- 102000010637 Aquaporins Human genes 0.000 description 15
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000001617 migratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种江河水流冲击汇水区鱼类生镜构造，在汇水区的入口处附近修建一组导流坝，该导流坝呈梯形状,由主坝和梯坝组成，导流坝与水流方向呈30°‑45°，主坝上间隔一段距离的若干设定位置，向一旁垂直伸出梯坝，相邻的两个梯坝的伸出方向相反；在导流坝的内侧汇水区，设置为底型塑造区，底部塑造区包括水道、湾、滩、礁体群及水生植物带；水道设于相邻导流坝之间，与全部湾区连通，与上下游水流连通，深度低于枯水期水位1.5m以上。本发明可有效改变水流态势，使汇水区与河道保持畅通；有效解决洪水期水流冲击问题，改善水流态势；枯水期上下水流通畅，水道水湾连通，有益于鱼类洄游栖息；渔礁、洲滩和水草布置，有益鱼类产卵、生长。
The invention relates to a fish mirror structure in a river water impact catchment area. A group of diversion dams are built near the entrance of the catchment area. The direction of the dam and the water flow is 30°‑45°. There are several set positions on the main dam that are separated by a certain distance. The ladder dams extend vertically to one side, and the protruding directions of the two adjacent ladder dams are opposite. The catchment area is set as the bottom shaping area. The bottom shaping area includes water channels, bays, shoals, reef groups and aquatic plant belts; the water channels are set between adjacent diversion dams, which are connected to the entire bay area and are connected to the upstream and downstream water flow. Connected, the depth is more than 1.5m lower than the water level in the dry season. The invention can effectively change the water flow situation, keep the catchment area and the river channel unobstructed; effectively solve the problem of water flow impact during flood period, and improve the water flow situation; The beach and aquatic plants are arranged, which is beneficial to the spawning and growth of fish.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fish-growing lens structure in a river impact catchment area, belonging to the technical field of fish biological resource protection.
Background
In many rivers in China, due to large water level change, the change of a dry period and a flood period exists. In order to ensure the requirements of navigation channels, water conservancy regulation and the like, a large number of navigation channel dams, diversion dams and the like are built, so that river water flow changes in a flood period, a large number of impact catchment areas are formed at a bank side of a river under the impact of strong water flow, and the areas are important channels and inhabitation areas of fish biological resources before impact. Because the impact catchment areas are formed, in the flood period, the water flow speed of the areas is high, the rotational flow and the torrent are large, and the fishes cannot inhabit and grow. In the dry season, the phenomenon of flow break can occur, so that migratory fishes cannot pass through the water flow, meanwhile, water flow in the dry season cannot be communicated and exchanged, so that a plurality of fish organisms cannot lay eggs and breed, and in addition, the risk of catching important fish resources and the like is aggravated due to the reduction of water bodies in the dry season.
At present, the ecological environment protection is mainly adopted at home and abroad for important fish biological resources in river waters in the ways of resource protection, fishing control, proliferation and releasing, and the like, the ways of constructing fishways, laying fish nests and the like are mainly adopted around the influence of hydraulic engineering, and the research and the application of restoring the habitat of fishes aiming at a water flow impact area are lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fish bioscope structure of a catchment area impacted by river water flow, which is simple and convenient to construct and operate and easy to implement, can effectively change the water flow situation, enables the water flow of the catchment area to be stable, can effectively ensure that fishes migrate up and down, spawn, breed, inhabit and the like in a water channel, bay, beach and reef in a dry season, and provides effective ecological environment restoration for protecting biological resources of river fishes and the like.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a river water flow impact catchment area fish-living mirror structure is characterized in that a group of diversion dams 1 are built near an inlet of a catchment area, each diversion dam 1 comprises a main dam 1-1, each main dam 1-1 is in an upright ladder shape, the direction of each diversion dam and the direction of water flow are 30-45 degrees, a plurality of set positions are arranged on each main dam 1-1 at intervals, each ladder dam 1-2 vertically extends aside, and the extending directions of two adjacent ladder dams 1-2 are opposite; the inner side of the catchment area diversion dam is provided with a bottom molding area 2, and the bottom molding area 2 comprises a water channel 2-1, a bay 2-2, a beach 2-3, a reef group 2-4 and an aquatic plant zone 2-5; the water channel 2-1 is arranged between adjacent diversion dams and communicated with a bay 2-2, a beach 2-3 and a reef group 2-4 behind the water flow direction, and the diversion dams; the aquatic plant belts 2-5 are arranged in the area between the river channel line and the river beach line on the inner side of the catchment area; the water channel 2-1 is communicated with all bay areas 2-2 and is communicated with upstream and downstream water flows, and the depth is more than 1.5m lower than the dry period.
Furthermore, the ladder dams 1-2 in the areas between the adjacent diversion dams enable the water channels 2-1 to form an S shape.
Further, the total width of the set of diversion dams occupies two thirds of the width of the inlet of the catchment area.
Furthermore, the highest position of the diversion dam is equivalent to the normal water level.
Further, the plant colony structure also comprises a plant colony falling zone 3, wherein the plant colony falling zone 3 is arranged on the diversion dam, and is a composite colony of submerged plants 3-1, emergent plants 3-2 and terrestrial plants 3-3 which grow alternately along with the change of water level.
Furthermore, the gradient of the diversion dam is 1:1.5-1:2, the minimum dam distance of the adjacent diversion dams is 2 times of the height, and the length of the diversion dam is the radius length of the catchment area; the height and the gradient of the ladder dam are consistent with those of the main dam, the length of the ladder dam is 2/3 of the distance between the main dams, and the distance between adjacent ladder dams is 1/4 of the length of the main dam.
Further, the depth of the water channel 2-1 is less than 1.5m in a dry period; the depth of the bay area 2-2 is 2.5m lower than the water level of the dry period, the area of the bay area of the dry water level accounts for 50 percent of the area of the catchment area, and the normal water level accounts for 80 percent of the area of the catchment area; the water flow in the dry period is 10 percent of the water body in the catchment area.
Furthermore, the area of the beach area 2-3 when the water level rises accounts for 20% of the catchment area, and the area of the dry water level accounts for 50% of the catchment area; the reefs 2-4 are distributed in the bay area, are 0.5m lower than the dry water level, and are distributed in groups, and the area of each reef is 15% of the area of the bay area.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the fish habitat of the catchment area impacted by river water flow is provided, the whole structure is simple, the operation is simple and convenient, and the implementation is easy;
2) the water flow situation can be effectively changed, the water flow in the catchment area is stable, the water channel, the bay, the beach and the reef can effectively ensure the fishes to migrate up and down and lay eggs, breed, inhabit and the like in the dry season, and an effective ecological environment restoration mode is provided for the protection of biological resources such as river fishes and the like;
3) the problem of water flow impact in the flood period is effectively solved, and the water flow situation is improved;
4) the water flow is smooth up and down in the dry period, and the water channels and the water bays are communicated, so that the fish can swim and inhabit;
5) the fish reef, the shoal and the float grass are arranged, and the fish can lay eggs and grow beneficially.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a fish lens in a river water flow impact catchment area.
Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an elevation view of a main dam conforming to a diversion dam.
In the figure, 1, a diversion dam, 2, a bottom type molding area, 3, a plant group falling zone, 1-1, a main dam, 1-2, a ladder dam, 2-1, a water channel, 2-2, a bay, 2-3, a beach, 2-4, a reef group, 3-1, submerged plants, 3-2, emergent aquatic plants, 3-2, terrestrial plants and 3-3, terrestrial plants.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1-3, a fish-living mirror structure of a river water flow impact catchment area, a group of diversion dams 1 are built near an inlet of the catchment area, the diversion dams 1 comprise main dams 1-1, the main dams 1-1 are in an upright ladder shape, the direction of the diversion dams and the direction of water flow are 30-45 degrees, a plurality of set positions on the main dams 1-1 at intervals vertically extend out of ladder dams 1-2 to one side, and the extending directions of two adjacent ladder dams 1-2 are opposite; the inner side of the catchment area diversion dam is provided with a bottom molding area 2, and the bottom molding area 2 comprises a water channel 2-1, a bay 2-2, a beach 2-3, a reef group 2-4 and an aquatic plant zone 2-5; the water channel 2-1 is arranged between adjacent diversion dams and communicated with a bay 2-2, a beach 2-3 and a reef group 2-4 behind the water flow direction, and the diversion dams; the aquatic plant belts 2-5 are arranged in the area between the river channel line and the river beach line on the inner side of the catchment area; the water channel 2-1 is communicated with all bay areas 2-2 and is communicated with upstream and downstream water flows, and the depth is more than 1.5m lower than the dry period.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the ladder dam 1-2 in the area between adjacent guide dams forms the water course 2-1 into an S-shape.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the total width of the set of flow directing dams is two-thirds of the width at the entrance of the catchment area.
In this embodiment, the highest point of the diversion dam corresponds to the normal water level, see fig. 3.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 3, the plant colony growth system further comprises a plant colony falling zone 3, wherein the plant colony falling zone 3 is arranged on the diversion dam, and is a composite colony of submerged plants 3-1, emergent plants 3-2 and terrestrial plants 3-3, and the plant colony growth system grows alternately along with the water level change.
In the embodiment, the gradient of the diversion dam is 1:1.5-1:2, the minimum dam distance of the adjacent diversion dams is 2 times of the height, and the length of the diversion dam is the radius length of the catchment area; the height and the gradient of the ladder dam are consistent with those of the main dam, the length of the ladder dam is 2/3 of the distance between the main dams, and the distance between adjacent ladder dams is 1/4 of the length of the main dam.
In this embodiment, the depth of the water course 2-1 is less than 1.5m during dry periods; the depth of the bay area 2-2 is 2.5m lower than the water level of the dry period, the area of the bay area of the dry water level accounts for 50 percent of the area of the catchment area, and the normal water level accounts for 80 percent of the area of the catchment area; the water flow in the dry period is 10 percent of the water body in the catchment area.
In the embodiment, the area of the beach area 2-3 when the water level rises accounts for 20% of the catchment area, and the area when the water level is low accounts for 50% of the catchment area; the reefs 2-4 are distributed in the bay area, are 0.5m lower than the dry water level, and are distributed in groups, and the area of each reef is 15% of the area of the bay area.
The invention provides a fish habitat of a catchment area impacted by river water flow, and the fish habitat is simple in integral structure, simple and convenient to operate and easy to implement; the water flow situation can be effectively changed, the water flow in the catchment area is stable, the water channel, the bay, the beach and the reef can effectively ensure the fishes to migrate up and down and lay eggs, breed, inhabit and the like in the dry season, and an effective ecological environment restoration mode is provided for the protection of biological resources such as river fishes and the like; the problem of water flow impact in the flood period is effectively solved, and the water flow situation is improved; the water flow is smooth up and down in the dry period, and the water channels and the water bays are communicated, so that the fish can swim and inhabit; the fish reef, the shoal and the float grass are arranged, and the fish can lay eggs and grow beneficially.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a river rivers impact catchment area fish and grow mirror structure which characterized in that:
a group of diversion dams (1) are built near an inlet of a catchment area, each diversion dam (1) comprises a main dam (1-1), each main dam (1-1) is in an upright trapezoidal shape and forms a distance of 30-45 degrees with the direction of water flow, a plurality of set positions on each main dam (1-1) at intervals vertically extend out of the ladder dams (1-2) towards one side, and the extending directions of two adjacent ladder dams (1-2) are opposite;
the inner side of the catchment area except the diversion dam is provided with a bottom molding area (2), and the bottom molding area (2) comprises a water channel (2-1), a bay (2-2), a beach (2-3), a reef group (2-4) and an aquatic plant zone (2-5); the water channel (2-1) is arranged between adjacent diversion dams and communicated with a bay (2-2), a beach (2-3) and a reef group (2-4) behind the water flow direction, and the diversion dams are arranged; the aquatic plant belt (2-5) is arranged in the area between the river channel line and the river beach line on the inner side of the catchment area; the water channel (2-1) is communicated with all the bays (2-2) and is communicated with upstream and downstream water flows, and the depth of the water channel is 1.5m lower than the dry period;
the ladder dams (1-2) in the areas between the adjacent diversion dams enable the water channels (2-1) to form an S shape;
the total width of the diversion dams accounts for two thirds of the width of the inlet of the catchment area;
the highest position of the diversion dam is equivalent to the normal water level;
the plant colony structure is characterized by further comprising a plant colony falling zone (3), wherein the plant colony falling zone (3) is arranged on the diversion dam and is a composite colony of submerged plants (3-1), emergent plants (3-2) and terrestrial plants (3-3), and the plant colony alternately grows along with the change of water level.
2. The fish-borne mirror structure of river water flow impact catchment area of claim 1, characterized in that: the gradient of the diversion dam is 1:1.5-1:2, the minimum dam distance of the adjacent diversion dams is 2 times of the height, and the length of the diversion dam is the radius length of the catchment area; the height and the gradient of the ladder dam are consistent with those of the main dam, the length of the ladder dam is 2/3 of the distance between the main dams, and the distance between adjacent ladder dams is 1/4 of the length of the main dam.
3. The fish-borne mirror structure of river water flow impact catchment area of claim 1, characterized in that: the depth of the water channel (2-1) is less than 1.5m in the dry period; the depth of the bay (2-2) area is 2.5m lower than the water level of the dry period, the area of the bay area of the dry water level accounts for 50 percent of the area of the catchment area, and the normal water level accounts for 80 percent of the area of the catchment area; the water flow in the dry period is 10 percent of the water body in the catchment area.
4. The fish-borne mirror structure of river water flow impact catchment area of claim 1, characterized in that: the area of the beach (2-3) area when the water level rises accounts for 20 percent of the catchment area, and the area when the water level is low accounts for 50 percent of the catchment area; the reef groups (2-4) are distributed in the bay area, are 0.5m lower than the dry water level, and are distributed in groups, and the area of each reef group is 15% of the area of the bay area.
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| CN201910267789.XA CN109930567B (en) | 2019-04-03 | 2019-04-03 | River water flow impact catchment area fish lens structure |
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| CN112267415A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-01-26 | 杭州王之新创信息技术研究有限公司 | Filtering water channel and river channel cleaning system beneficial to protection of wild fishes |
| CN114946741A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-30 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | A species pool approach to restoring fish biodiversity |
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| KR101377244B1 (en) * | 2011-11-17 | 2014-03-21 | 한국건설기술연구원 | Maintenance structure comprising trap structure for dam and reservoir strucrute using the same |
| CN204212122U (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-03-18 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | A kind of fish pass |
| CN104480913B (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2016-04-27 | 河海大学 | A kind of interlaced arrangement is every block structured ecological fishway |
| CN109338987B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2023-09-26 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Inland river ecological renovation spur dike group |
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