CN219793861U - Migration fishway system for urban river drop engineering - Google Patents
Migration fishway system for urban river drop engineering Download PDFInfo
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- CN219793861U CN219793861U CN202320729059.9U CN202320729059U CN219793861U CN 219793861 U CN219793861 U CN 219793861U CN 202320729059 U CN202320729059 U CN 202320729059U CN 219793861 U CN219793861 U CN 219793861U
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Abstract
The embodiment of the utility model provides a migration fishway system for urban river drop engineering, which relates to the field of urban river ecosystems; the river-crossing type river-crossing device comprises a stepped fishway and a perching device, wherein the stepped fishway is arranged at a position close to a river bank, the river drop is larger than that of other positions, and the perching device is arranged at a revetment close to one side of the stepped fishway; the stepped fishway comprises two flanges which are oppositely arranged and a plurality of stepped ridges which are arranged in a staggered manner; the perching device comprises a plurality of prefabricated fish nest bricks spliced up and down, and part of the prefabricated fish nest bricks at the bottom of the perching device are buried in a deep pool excavated below a riverbed line. The utility model can make up the defect of urban river drop engineering for the river ecosystem, cultivate the stable inhabitation, propagation and migration space of local fishes for a long time, simultaneously provide living space for birds, amphibians and other organisms, and promote the resuscitative and promotion of biodiversity; but also can expand the service time of the fishway, is beneficial to scientific research and fully excavates the service function of the fishway.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of urban river ecosystems, in particular to a migration fishway system for urban river drop projects.
Background
The urban river provides necessary elements for life activities of human beings, animals and plants, maintains the stability and balance of ecological structures, and has certain functions of adjusting water quantity, self-cleaning, regulating climate and the like. The river ecosystem is a unity of interaction of a river biological community and a river environment, and consists of a life system and a life support system, wherein the two systems are mutually influenced and mutually restricted to form a special time, space and nutrition structure. However, urban river channels often need dredging and remediation, river channel dredging, bank slope remediation, overflow weir construction and the like bring convenience to human life, but also cause problems of reduction or loss of aquatic organism habitat, blocking of migration channels, reduction of diversity, resource decay and the like. The method has a great influence on the river ecosystem, and is necessary to repair the damaged river ecosystem in order to relieve the influence of development activities on the aquatic ecological environment, and the habitat protection and construction of aquatic animals are one of the important contents of aquatic ecological repair in the current stage of China.
The fish passing facility is a mandatory ecological protection measure provided by related policies for the dam construction engineering of the river, and particularly becomes one of important indexes for the inspection and approval of the water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and the fishway is one of main types in the fish passing facility and is generally applied to medium and low water head dams.
However, the rapid development of cities causes a plurality of problems in urban river construction, in order to improve flood discharge capacity, river canalization and manpower are serious, and the healthy inhabitation of fish is greatly influenced under the change of river hydrologic conditions; particularly, the river drop engineering is used for slowing down slope drop, reducing flood flow rate and protecting a river bed, but the direct drop engineering can lead to larger river drop, fish is difficult to overcome the water drop and hydrodynamic conditions, the purpose of going up and passing through a dam is achieved, migration of fish is greatly hindered, and thus a river ecosystem is destroyed; and the urban river habitat has single spatial structure and relatively single species diversity, and lacks microenvironment suitable for living beings such as fishes, birds and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, embodiments of the present utility model have been made to provide a migration fish way system for urban river drop works that overcomes or at least partially solves the above-mentioned problems.
The migration fishway system for urban river drop engineering comprises a stepped fishway and a perching device arranged at the downstream of the stepped fishway, wherein the stepped fishway is arranged at a position close to a river bank and the river drop is greater than that of other positions, and the perching device is arranged at a revetment close to one side of the stepped fishway;
the stepped fishway comprises two flanges which are oppositely arranged and a plurality of stepped ridges which are arranged in a staggered manner, and the stepped ridges are arranged on the inner side walls of the flanges;
the perching device comprises a plurality of prefabricated fish nest bricks which are spliced up and down, and part of the prefabricated fish nest bricks positioned at the bottom of the perching device are buried in a deep pool excavated below a riverbed line.
Preferably, the step ridges are staggered to form two rows of step fishways, and gaps are reserved between the two rows of step fishways.
Preferably, the longitudinal slope gradient of the stepped fishway is less than 1/10, and the transverse slope gradient of the stepped fishway is less than 1/30.
Preferably, a double-row pine pile is inserted into one side of the deep pool, which is close to the revetment, and one side of the prefabricated fish nest brick is vertically arranged close to the pine pile.
Preferably, the prefabricated fish nest bricks are closely attached to the obliquely arranged artificial ecological bank protection.
Preferably, a concrete foundation, a middle coarse sand cushion layer, a polished stone layer and a reverse filtering geotextile are sequentially arranged below the deep pool corresponding to the prefabricated fish nest bricks from a riverbed line to the bottom, and the prefabricated fish nest bricks positioned at the lowest part are buried in the concrete foundation; and the rest space of the deep pool is backfilled by stone blocks.
Preferably, the thickness of the concrete foundation is 800mm, the thickness of the medium coarse sand cushion layer is 100mm, and the thickness of the polished layer is 1m.
Preferably, the prefabricated fish nest brick is of a box structure with a hollow inside, the top surface and the bottom surface of the prefabricated fish nest brick are provided with connecting through holes, the front surface of the prefabricated fish nest brick is provided with two inlets and outlets, and the back surface of the prefabricated fish nest brick is tightly attached to a pine pile or an artificial shore protection device.
Preferably, the inlet and the outlet are of a Z-shaped structure.
Preferably, the prefabricated fish nest bricks at the uppermost position exceed the dead water line of the river.
The utility model has the following advantages:
in the embodiment of the utility model, the stepped fishway and the perching device arranged at the downstream of the stepped fishway are used, the stepped fishway is arranged at a position close to a river bank, the river drop is larger than other positions, and the perching device is arranged at a revetment close to one side of the stepped fishway; the stepped fishway comprises two flanges which are oppositely arranged and a plurality of stepped ridges which are arranged in a staggered manner, and the stepped ridges are arranged on the inner side walls of the flanges; the perching device comprises a plurality of prefabricated fish nest bricks which are spliced up and down, and part of the prefabricated fish nest bricks positioned at the bottom of the perching device are buried in a deep pool excavated below a riverbed line. The step-shaped fishway is arranged at the position with larger river bank and river drop in urban river drop engineering, so that the river drop can be reduced, the gradient between steps is not too small, the migration of fishes is ensured, the step-shaped fishway exposed in time can also provide living space for birds, amphibians, insects and other organisms, and the recovery and promotion of the biological diversity of the field are promoted; meanwhile, a deep pool is excavated in a river bed at the downstream of the fishway in a matched mode, a hollow prefabricated fish nest brick is adopted for splicing to form a perching device at a shore protection side close to the stepped fishway, and a shelter and energy storage place is provided for fish; the migration fishway system provided by the utility model not only can make up the defect of the river ecosystem caused by urban river drop engineering, cultivate the long-term stable perching, breeding and migration space of local fishes, but also can expand the service time of the fishway, is beneficial to scientific research, can fully excavate the service function of the fishway, and is beneficial to application research of the fishway.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present utility model, the drawings that are needed in the description of the present utility model will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall construction of a migration fishway system for urban river head engineering according to the utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the stepped fishway of the utility model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the construction of a perch device according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the construction of a perch device according to another embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 5 is a top view of a prefabricated fish nest tile of the present utility model;
fig. 6 is a side view of a prefabricated fish nest tile of the present utility model.
Reference numerals: 100. stepped fishway; 110. a step ridge; 120. a flange; 200. a perching device; 210. prefabricating a fish nest brick; 211. an inlet and an outlet; 212. a connecting through hole; 300. a dead water line; 400. a riverbed line; 500. shore protection; 600. a pine pile; 700. deep pool; 710. a concrete foundation; 720. a medium coarse sand cushion layer; 730. a polished layer; 740. reversely filtering geotextile; 750. and (5) stone blocks.
Detailed Description
In order that the manner in which the above recited objects, features and advantages of the present utility model are obtained will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the utility model briefly described above will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.
Referring to fig. 1-6, there is shown a schematic structural diagram of a migration fishway system for urban river head engineering according to the utility model, which may include the following structures: the fish-farming system comprises a stepped fishway 100 and a perching device 200 arranged at the downstream of the stepped fishway 100, wherein the stepped fishway 100 is arranged at a position close to a river bank and the river drop is larger than that of other positions, and the perching device 200 is arranged at a revetment 500 close to one side of the stepped fishway 100;
the stepped fishway 100 comprises two flanges 120 which are oppositely arranged and a plurality of stepped ridges 110 which are arranged in a staggered manner, wherein the stepped ridges 110 are arranged on the inner side walls of the flanges 120;
the perching device 200 comprises a plurality of prefabricated fish nest bricks 210 which are spliced up and down, and part of the prefabricated fish nest bricks 210 at the bottom of the perching device 200 are buried in a deep pool 700 excavated below a riverbed line 400.
In the embodiment of the utility model, the stepped fishway 100 is arranged near the river bank and the river drop is larger than other positions by the stepped fishway 100 and the perching device 200 arranged at the downstream of the stepped fishway 100, and the perching device 200 is arranged near the revetment 500 at one side of the stepped fishway 100; the stepped fishway 100 comprises two flanges 120 which are oppositely arranged and a plurality of stepped ridges 110 which are arranged in a staggered manner, wherein the stepped ridges 110 are arranged on the inner side walls of the flanges 120; the perching device 200 comprises a plurality of prefabricated fish nest bricks 210 which are spliced up and down, and part of the prefabricated fish nest bricks 210 at the bottom of the perching device 200 are buried in a deep pool 700 excavated below a riverbed line 400. The step-shaped fishway 100 is arranged at the position with larger river bank and river drop in urban river drop engineering, so that the river drop can be reduced, the gradient between steps is not too small, the migration of fishes is ensured, the step-shaped fishway exposed in time can provide living space for birds, amphibians, insects and other organisms, and the recovery and promotion of the biological diversity of the field are promoted; meanwhile, a deep pool 700 is excavated in a river bed at the downstream of the fishway in a matched mode, a shore protection 500 at one side close to the stepped fishway 100 is spliced by adopting hollow prefabricated fish nest bricks 210 to form a perching device 200, and a shelter and energy storage place is provided for fish; the migration fishway system provided by the utility model not only can make up the defect of river fall engineering on a river ecological system, cultivate the long-term stable perching, breeding and migration space of local fishes, but also can expand the service time of the fishway, is beneficial to scientific research, can fully excavate the service function of the fishway, and is beneficial to application research of the fishway.
Next, a migration fishway system for urban river head engineering in the present exemplary embodiment will be further described.
In the embodiment of the utility model, the migration fishway system comprises the ladder-type fishway 100 and the perching device 200 arranged at the downstream of the ladder-type fishway 100, wherein the ladder-type fishway 100 is arranged at a position close to a river bank and the river drop is larger than that of other positions, the river drop can be reduced through the ladder-type fishway 100, so that fishes can easily travel upwards, the perching device 200 is arranged at the revetment 500 near one side of the ladder-type fishway 100, not only can the perching, propagation and migration spaces of local fishes be cultivated for a long time, but also the service time of the fishway can be prolonged, the scientific research is facilitated, the use function of the fishway can be fully excavated, and the application research of the fishway is facilitated.
As an example, according to the physiological characteristics of fish, the swimming speed and jumping ability in water are used as references, in combination with the drop of the longitudinal slope of a river channel and the dam design, a ladder-type fishway 100 is arranged for the fish, the ladder-type fishway 100 comprises two opposite flanges 120 and a plurality of staggered ladder ridges 110, the height difference between the ladder ridges 110 is 30cm, the ladder ridges 110 are arranged on the inner side walls of the flanges 120, the ladder ridges 110 are staggered to form two rows of ladder-type fishways, the ladder-type fishway 100 reduces the larger drop formed in the drop project, forms a first-stage ladder pool with the river, enables the fish to trace upwards along the ladder ridges 110, a gap is reserved between the two rows of ladder-type fishways, the longitudinal slope of the ladder-type fishway 100 is less than 1/10, the transverse slope of the ladder-type fishway 100 is less than 1/30, the upward tracing speed and the water depth of the fish can be maintained when the flow changes, and the fish with too large longitudinal slope can not migrate, and the fish with too small fish slope can lose function can be avoided; the ladder-type fishway which is exposed in time can also provide living space for birds, amphibians, insects and other organisms, and promote the recovery and the promotion of the field biodiversity.
In the embodiment of the present utility model, the perching device 200 includes a plurality of prefabricated fish nest bricks 210 that are spliced up and down, a portion of the prefabricated fish nest bricks 210 at the bottom of the perching device 200 are buried in a deep pool 700 excavated below a riverbed line 400, and the prefabricated fish nest bricks 210 located at the uppermost portion exceed a dead water line 300 of a river, so that a wider range of upstream habitats is provided for fish. The river bed at the downstream of the fishway is matched with the deep pool 700 to excavate, and prefabricated hollow fish nest bricks are adopted to protect the bank 500 at one side close to the fishway, so that a shelter and energy storage place is provided for fish.
As an example, a double-row pine pile 600 is inserted into the side of the deep pool 700 close to the revetment 500, and one side of the prefabricated fish nest brick 210 is vertically arranged close to the pine pile 600, so that the double-row pine pile 600 is suitable for river types where the revetment 500 and the riverbed are mutually perpendicular, and has a protection and stabilization effect on the prefabricated fish nest brick 210 and the revetment 500.
The concrete foundation 710, the middle coarse sand cushion 720, the stone throwing layer 730 and the reverse filtering geotechnical cloth 740 are sequentially arranged below the deep pool 700 corresponding to the prefabricated fish nest brick 210 from the riverbed line 400 to the bottom, the reverse filtering geotechnical cloth 740 has excellent puncture resistance, can resist most plant root systems, is arranged at the bottommost end, prevents river vegetation from growing upwards to influence the use of the prefabricated fish nest brick 210, influences fish habitat, and has good elasticity and deformability with excellent mechanical strength so that the prefabricated fish nest brick is very suitable for expanding or contracting a basal plane, and can effectively overcome uneven settlement of the basal plane; the stone throwing layer 730, the middle coarse sand cushion 720 and the concrete foundation 710 are sequentially arranged above the reverse filtering geotechnical cloth 740, wherein the thickness of the concrete foundation 710 is 800mm, the thickness of the middle coarse sand cushion 720 is 100mm, the thickness of the stone throwing layer 730 is 1m, a solid and firm foundation is provided for the prefabricated fish nest bricks 210, the prefabricated fish nest bricks 210 at the lowest position are buried in the concrete foundation 710, and the stability of the prefabricated fish nest bricks 210 under river impact is improved; the rest space of the deep pool 700 is backfilled by stone blocks 750, so that the foundation stability of the deep pool 700 in the range is further improved; the exposed steep revetments can be modified by using materials such as wood piles and stone blocks through an ecological construction method.
In the embodiment of the present utility model, the prefabricated fish nest brick 210 is a hollow box structure for fish to perch, reproduce, grow, rope bait, avoid enemy, spawn and store energy; the top and bottom surfaces of the prefabricated fish nest bricks 210 are provided with connecting through holes 212, and the interiors of the plurality of stacked prefabricated fish nest bricks 210 are communicated up and down through the connecting through holes 212 so as to enable fish to swim up and down; two inlets and outlets 211 are formed in the front face of the prefabricated fish nest brick 210, the inlets and outlets 211 are of a Z-shaped structure, and the inlets and outlets 211 of the Z-shaped structure can allow fish to enter a shelter from one side of the fish nest brick at any height.
In the embodiment of the present utility model, the prefabricated fish nest bricks 210 are closely attached to the obliquely arranged artificial ecological bank protection 500. That is, when the revetment 500 is in an inclined state, the prefabricated fish nest bricks 210 are also obliquely arranged close to the revetment 500, and a plurality of prefabricated fish nest bricks 210 are spliced up and down and then are obliquely arranged, and similarly, the prefabricated fish nest bricks 210 at the bottommost are buried in the concrete foundation 710, and the prefabricated fish nest bricks 210 at the topmost are beyond the dead water line 300.
While preferred embodiments of the present utility model have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiment and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the embodiments of the utility model.
Finally, it is further noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article or terminal device comprising the element.
The migration fishway system for urban river drop engineering provided by the utility model is described in detail, and specific examples are applied to illustrate the principles and the implementation modes of the utility model, and the description of the examples is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the utility model; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have variations in the specific embodiments and application scope in accordance with the ideas of the present utility model, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present utility model in view of the above.
Claims (10)
1. The migration fishway system for urban river drop engineering is characterized by comprising a stepped fishway and a perching device arranged at the downstream of the stepped fishway, wherein the stepped fishway is arranged at a position close to a river bank and the river drop is greater than that of other positions, and the perching device is arranged at a revetment close to one side of the stepped fishway;
the stepped fishway comprises two flanges which are oppositely arranged and a plurality of stepped ridges which are arranged in a staggered manner, and the stepped ridges are arranged on the inner side walls of the flanges;
the perching device comprises a plurality of prefabricated fish nest bricks which are spliced up and down, and part of the prefabricated fish nest bricks positioned at the bottom of the perching device are buried in a deep pool excavated below a riverbed line.
2. The migration fish way system for urban river fall engineering of claim 1, wherein a plurality of said step ridges are staggered to form two rows of step fish ways with gaps therebetween.
3. The migration fish way system for urban river fall engineering of claim 1, wherein the gradient of the longitudinal slope of the stepped fishway is less than 1/10 and the gradient of the transverse slope of the stepped fishway is less than 1/30.
4. The migration fishway system of claim 1, wherein the side of the pool near the revetment is inserted with double rows of pine piles, and the side of the prefabricated fish nest brick is vertically arranged close to the pine piles.
5. The migration fish way system for urban river head engineering of claim 1 wherein said prefabricated fish nest bricks are disposed against an obliquely disposed artificial ecological bank protection.
6. The migration fishway system for urban river head engineering according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the deep pool is provided with a concrete foundation, a middle coarse sand cushion layer, a polished stone layer and a reverse filtering geotextile in sequence from a riverbed line to the bottom of the prefabricated fish nest bricks, and the prefabricated fish nest bricks positioned at the bottom are embedded in the concrete foundation; and the rest space of the deep pool is backfilled by stone blocks.
7. The migration fish way system for urban river drop work of claim 6, wherein the thickness of the concrete foundation is 800mm, the thickness of the medium coarse sand underlayment is 100mm, and the thickness of the parabolic layer is 1m.
8. The migration fishway system of claim 1, wherein the prefabricated fish nest bricks are hollow box structures, connecting through holes are formed in the top and bottom surfaces of the prefabricated fish nest bricks, two inlets and outlets are formed in the front surfaces of the prefabricated fish nest bricks, and the back surfaces of the prefabricated fish nest bricks are closely attached to pine piles or artificial revetments.
9. The migration fish way system for urban river head engineering of claim 8, wherein said ports are zigzag-shaped structures.
10. The migration fish way system for urban river head engineering according to claim 1 wherein said prefabricated fish nest bricks located uppermost are above the dead water line of the river.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202320729059.9U CN219793861U (en) | 2023-03-22 | 2023-03-22 | Migration fishway system for urban river drop engineering |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202320729059.9U CN219793861U (en) | 2023-03-22 | 2023-03-22 | Migration fishway system for urban river drop engineering |
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| CN219793861U true CN219793861U (en) | 2023-10-03 |
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| CN202320729059.9U Active CN219793861U (en) | 2023-03-22 | 2023-03-22 | Migration fishway system for urban river drop engineering |
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