JP2628463B2 - Artificial artificial reef made of concrete - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an artificial reef provided on a seabed to artificially provide a habitat for fish.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Fishing reefs create a habitat for fish on a very vast sea floor. There are two types of reefs: small ones and large ones. The unit price of a small reef can be reduced, but it needs to be installed in large numbers, and the unit price per empty volume increases. The unit price per empty volume of a reef is the value of the cost of the reef divided by the volume of space closed. The unit price per empty volume of the reef can be reduced by increasing the size.

As large reefs, there are a pyramid reef in which rectangular blocks are stacked in a pyramid shape as shown in FIG. 1, and a square reef in which rectangular blocks are connected to a rectangular parallelepiped as shown in FIG. The size of the reefs shown in these figures can be changed by adjusting the number of blocks to be connected. Increasing the number of blocks results in a larger reef, while decreasing the number of blocks results in a smaller reef.

[0004]

However, the reefs shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 have disadvantages in that the connection structure is complicated and the connection work is troublesome because the blocks are easily and firmly connected. . Further, there is a disadvantage that it is difficult to make the connecting portion have sufficient strength. This is because concrete blocks are locally connected to form a large reef. Concrete blocks need to be laid with a unique structure such as a reinforcing bar to reinforce the connection part.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, an artificial reef in which four concrete vertical plates 3 are radially arranged has been developed. In the concrete fishing reef shown in this figure, a concrete box 2 is formed at a lower portion in order to form a closed space 1 in which fish and shells live between radially formed concrete plates. The box has a large through hole to allow fish and shellfish to enter and exit freely. In a fishing reef having this structure, the flow environment such as a tidal current and an ocean current can be effectively disturbed by the vertical plate 3. By the way, it is empirically known that a school of fish, such as a porgy, comes to a part where the flow environment is disrupted. This is because the 1989 (25th) Summer Workshop on Water Engineering Lectures (Hydraulic Committee 198, Japan Society of Civil Engineers)
(July 1997), Hideo Noda, a professor of the Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, reported on B-9-11 to B-
It is also described on pages 9-12. In this publication,
When an obstacle 7 is provided in the model waterway, the flow velocity changes as shown in FIG. 4, and in the portion where the flow velocity changes, as shown in FIGS. It is shown. In FIGS. 5 to 7, the black portions indicate the portions where the ishidai are gathered. However, FIG. 4 shows a change in the flow rate when the flow rate is 30 cm / sec, and FIGS. 5 to 7 show the flow rate in the order of 15.8 cm / sec.
sec, 25.7 cm / sec, 41.3 cm / sec
And As shown in these figures, schools of fish have the property of preferentially migrating to the back of the flowing environment. Since the concrete fishing reef having the shape shown in FIG. 3 can effectively disturb the flowing environment, it is possible to make the flowing environment favorable for the school of fish. However, the concrete reef of this structure is inhabited by the fish and shellfish that live in the enclosed space 1
It is necessary to mold a box-shaped concrete, and there is a disadvantage that the manufacturing cost is increased as a whole.

[0006] In addition, fishing reefs manufactured by connecting concrete blocks have the disadvantage that it takes time to grow seaweed. This is because when the concrete undergoes a hardening reaction, strong alkali migrates to the surface, creating a bad environment for the propagation of seaweed. To complicate matters further, concrete blocks have the disadvantage that the alkali migrates to the surface for an extremely long period of time, inhibiting the growth of seaweed.
The fishing reef that enlarges the enclosed space with a simple structure is
-26897 and JP-A-52-21192.
It is described in. In the former publication, there are vertical rings arranged in a ring.
A rope is wound around the surface of the straight pipe to provide a closed space
Fishing reefs are listed. The reef with this structure wraps around
Seaweed and the like can be generated on the rope.
However, the fishing reef with this structure is
However, because it passes through the gap of the vertical pipe,
There is a disadvantage that the flow environment such as the ocean current cannot be effectively disturbed.
In particular, the flow environment, such as ocean currents, should be efficiently made upflow
There is a drawback that can not be. To collect fish more effectively,
Disturb the flow environment such as tidal currents and ocean currents, and
It is important to generate updrafts and eddies. This
In order to realize this, ocean currents flowing with tidal currents and ocean currents,
It is necessary to collide with artificial reefs at a high speed to create updrafts
is there. However, a reef with a rope wrapped around a vertical rod
Can be shaded with vertical pipes and ropes
However, it is possible to efficiently collect tidal currents
I can't. The tide flows smoothly between the ropes and between the vertical pipes
Because it passes through Further, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.
In Japanese Patent Publication No. 92, four vertical plates are arranged diagonally, and
Around the area, a fishing reef with a net is described. Of this structure
The reefs are also shaded in the sea, just like the reefs mentioned above.
Even if it is possible to collect fish, the tide flows horizontally
The current, etc., vigorously collides with the vertical plate to efficiently raise the flow
Can not be. Also, downstream of the vertical plate,
Neither can it generate vortices. It is this structure
As the reef passes through the mesh, the tidal current
And the speed of the collision with the vertical plate slows down
Because it passes through many through holes provided in the vertical plate.
You. For this reason, fishing reefs with this structure are also described in the aforementioned publication.
Fish can be gathered in the shade, just like a reef
Also efficiently convert tidal currents into ascending currents, and
It is hoped that eddies will be generated and fish will be collected more efficiently
I can't.

[0007] The present invention has been developed for the purpose of further solving this drawback. An important object of the present invention is to provide an artificial reef made of concrete which can form a closed space 1 in which fish and shellfish are favorably inhabited, which can be easily and easily reduced in unit price per empty volume. Still another object of the present invention is to provide an artificial reef made of concrete capable of breeding seaweed in a short time.

[0008]

The artificial reef made of concrete according to the present invention has the following constitution in order to achieve the above-mentioned object. The artificial reef has three or more vertical plates 3 formed of concrete. The formed vertical plates 3 face in the vertical direction and are arranged radially with respect to each other.
Further, a plurality of wires 4 that are vertically separated and extend in the horizontal direction are connected to the outer peripheral edge of the vertical plate 3 in a lattice shape .
Two vertical plates 3 and Case adjacent to each other disposed radially
The closed space 1 is formed on the outer periphery of the fishing reef with the child-shaped wires 4.

Further, in the artificial reef according to the second aspect of the present invention, a vertical rod 3 is extended upward and a vertical rod 10 is fixed, and a wire 4 is wound around the vertical rod 10 in a lattice-like manner to form a closed space. 1 is further increased. In the artificial reef of the present invention, a metal rod such as iron or a string such as a rope or a wire can be used as the wire 4.

[0010]

In the concrete fishing reef of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 8 showing this preferred embodiment, four vertical plates 3 are formed radially from concrete, and a wire rod is formed horizontally around the outer periphery of the vertical plate 3 at a predetermined interval. 4 are connected. The adjacent vertical plate 3
It can effectively disturb the flow environment of tidal currents and ocean currents flowing in all directions, and can create an environment where fish schools prefer to gather. Further, the artificial reef of the present invention has a vertical plate 3
The unique structure of connecting the wire 4 to the outer periphery of the vertical plate 3
The wire 4 forms the closed space 1 important for the reef. The closed space 1 having this structure can be a truly ideal environment as a habitat for fish and shellfish. Furthermore, since the closed space 1 is formed by fixing the wire rod 4 to the outer periphery of the vertical plate 3, there is a feature that it can be manufactured extremely inexpensively. In particular, a rope or a wire can be used for the wire 4, and the artificial reef to which these wires 4 are fixed can be installed immediately before sinking.

Further, the artificial reef of the present invention does not use concrete as a whole, but uses a wire 4
Are linked. Although a metal rod can be used as the wire 4, the ideal wire 4 is a cord such as a rope or a wire. Since the cord body has countless irregularities on the surface and is not as strongly alkaline as concrete, spores of seaweed floating in the sea easily adhere to it, and it has a feature that seaweeds can prosper in a short time.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the following examples illustrate an artificial reef for embodying the technical idea of the present invention,
The present invention does not specify artificial reefs as:

Further, in this specification, in order to make it easy to understand the claims, the numbers corresponding to the members shown in the embodiments will be referred to as "claims", "actions", and "actions". In the column of "Means for solving the problem". However, the members shown in the claims are
It is by no means specific to the members of the embodiment.

The artificial reef made of concrete shown in FIG.
Four vertical plates 3 are integrally formed of concrete. The four integrally formed vertical plates 3 are arranged radially with a vertical direction and an angle of 90 degrees with each other. The central part connecting the four vertical plates 3 is
It is molded thick to reinforce. Although not shown, the vertical plate 3 is reinforced by embedding a reinforcing bar inside. The size of one vertical plate 3 is such that the vertical height is 10 m, the horizontal length is 10 m, and the thickness is 30 cm.
The artificial reef of this size has a concrete weight of about 300 tons with 2.5 tons / m ³ of reinforcing steel buried.

However, the artificial reef of the present invention does not specify the size of the vertical plate 3 as described above. The dimensions of the vertical plate 3 are, for example, a vertical width and a horizontal length of 1 to 30 m, preferably 3 to 20 m, and more preferably 5 to 15 m.
The size of the vertical plate 3 depends on the type of fish to be collected, the depth of the sinking water, the environment of the submerged seabed, the number of
It is designed to an optimum value in consideration of the size, shape, and the like. Furthermore, the thickness of the vertical plate 3 is set in the range of, for example, 5 cm to 1 m, preferably 10 to 80 cm, and more preferably 20 to 50 cm, in consideration of the size of the vertical plate 3 and the amount of reinforcing bars to be embedded. .

The artificial reef shown in FIG. 8 has four vertical plates 3 arranged radially. In the artificial reef of the present invention, three or five or more vertical plates can be radially arranged. An artificial reef formed with three vertical plates has the advantage of being inexpensive, but the volume of the enclosed space is reduced. 5
Artificial reefs with more than one vertical plate can increase the volume of the enclosed space and make it more complex. However, when the number of vertical plates is increased, the amount of concrete used is increased, and the molding is troublesome and the production cost is increased. Considering the production cost and the performance as a reef, it is ideal to integrally form four vertical plates 3 as shown in the figure.

The three or more vertical plates can be easily and efficiently manufactured by integrally molding with concrete. However, a plurality of vertical plates can be separately formed and connected radially to manufacture. The artificial reef that connects a plurality of vertical plates can be connected by projecting a reinforcing bar at a connecting portion of the vertical plates and connecting the reinforcing bars.

On the outer periphery of the radial vertical plate 3, a plurality of wires 4 which are vertically separated and extend in the horizontal direction are fixed to a lattice . The wire 4 forms a closed space 1 between two adjacent vertical plates 3. The vertical distance between the wires 4 fixed to the vertical plate 3 is 10 cm. However, the interval between the wire rods 4 can be set to 3 to 80 cm, preferably 5 to 50 cm, and more preferably 8 to 30 cm, in consideration of the size of the artificial reef and the type of fish to be collected and collected. Wire rod 4
The artificial fishing reef with a small interval allows small fishes to pass through the gap between the wires 4 so that large fish cannot pass through. Therefore, it is optimal as an artificial reef that protects small fish from large fish.

The wire 4 is ideally a string such as a rope or a wire. The reason is that the wire 4 as a cord can be fixed very easily by forming the vertical plate 3 and winding it around the surface. In order to fix the wire 4 up and down without displacement, as shown in FIG. 9, recesses 5 are formed at regular intervals on the outer peripheral edge of the vertical plate 3, and the wire 4 is positioned in the recess 5.

The rope used for the wire 4 has an outer diameter of 20
mmφ. However, the rope has a thickness of 1
Those having a length of 0 to 30 mm can also be used. In particular, an artificial reef using a large vertical plate 3 uses a thick rope because the interval between adjacent vertical plates 3 becomes long. Since the wire has sufficient strength compared to the rope, a thinner wire can be used. However, since the wire is made of metal and corrodes, for example, a wire having an outer diameter of 5 mm to 15 mm is used in consideration of the service life.

Further, a metal rod can be used for the wire 4. An iron rod is used as the metal rod. The iron rod replenishes iron, which is an important nutrient for the growth of the attached seaweed, and enables the seaweed to grow efficiently. As shown in FIG. 10, the metal rod 4 is formed with through holes 6 formed at regular intervals on the outer peripheral portion of the vertical plate 3, and the wire 4 is inserted into the through holes 6 and fixed. The wire 4 is provided with a male screw at the tip, and a nut 9 is screwed into the male screw via a spacer 8 to make the vertical plate 3
Fixed to The spacer is provided on the surface in contact with the vertical plate
There is a 5 degree slope. The artificial reef using a metal rod as a wire has a feature that the outer periphery of the vertical plate 3 can be reinforced by the wire 4.

Further, the artificial reef shown in FIGS. 11 to 13 has vertical rods 10 at a constant horizontal interval on the upper surface of a vertical plate.
Is fixed. The wire rod 4 is wound around the vertical rod 10 in a grid pattern at a constant vertical interval. Vertical rod 10
Is a steel pipe having a diameter of, for example, 20 to 100 mmφ. The total length, ie, the height, of the vertical rod 10 is
Assuming that the height is 100, for example, 10 to 100%, preferably 20 to 80%, more preferably 30 to 70%,
It is optimally designed to be about 50%. As shown in FIG.
The one in which the vertical rods 10 are fixed to one vertical plate 3 at a predetermined interval has a horizontal interval of, for example, 20 mm.
cm to 5 m, preferably 30 cm to 4 m, more preferably 50 cm to 3 m, optimally about 2 m.

[0023]

The artificial reef of the present invention has a radial vertical plate.
The wire is stretched not in a mesh but in a horizontal grid
It is characterized by doing. Instead of a grid-shaped wire, a net
The conventional fishing reef, which stretches over
Since it is installed, the passage resistance of the tidal current is large and
The tidal current loses motion and loses energy, causing
It becomes. In particular, wire rods have a higher fluid resistance than plate materials.
It has a great nature. A net that stretches this wire horizontally and vertically
Has a large resistance to passage of the tidal current,
You. In addition, the direction of the tidal current that flows on the sea floor is constant.
It is not fixed. Nets collide vertically
Slope from vertical plane with minimum tide flow resistance
Therefore, there is a property that the passage resistance increases in accordance with the following. for example
For example, in the plan view of FIG.
And the tide in the direction of arrow B, the tide in the direction indicated by arrow A
However, the passage resistance of the vertically stretched wire 11 is reduced.
You. It looks at the wire from the direction of arrow A and arrow B
When viewed from the direction, the distance between the wires 11 is considerably different.
Because. For this reason, a large number of wires are
Conventional fishing reefs which stretched the web material to extend in the horizontal direction of the power flow
Depending on the direction, the passage resistance of the net material varies significantly
However, it has the property of significantly reducing the flow velocity of the tidal current. Wire rod
Seawater such as tidal currents that flow slowly when passing
Even if it hits the board, it does not rise vigorously. Artificial fishing
In order for reefs to make tidal currents upflow efficiently with vertical boards,
It is important to make the tidal current collide with the vertical plate at a high velocity.
You. In this state, the wire is omitted and the tidal current etc.
Fishing reef that can be realized by colliding with a board, but without wire rod
Can not form a large enclosed space with the wire and the vertical plate.
Therefore, the effect of collecting fish is reduced. Artificial reef of the present invention
Is a unique composition that forms a large enclosed space,
The tidal current, etc., against the vertical plate
It was successful in ascending. Especially in the tide
Regardless of the horizontal orientation, the tide is always vibrant and vertical
We succeeded in generating an upward flow by colliding with a plate
It is. That is, the artificial reef of the present invention
At the same time, the net material with the wires stretched vertically and horizontally is stretched around the perimeter of the vertical plate.
Instead of laying, a large number of wires facing in the horizontal direction are
It forms a closed space by being stretched in a shape. Lattice
Wire is stretched vertically and horizontally.
As a result, the passage resistance of tidal currents can be significantly reduced to less than half.
You. For this reason, the tidal current that has passed through the wire
Very few, smoothly pass through the gap between the wires, momentum
Often collides with vertical boards. Tidal current violently hitting a vertical plate
Rises along a radial vertical plate to form an upward flow.
In addition, the artificial reef of the present invention uses a grid-shaped wire rod in the horizontal direction.
Because the horizontal direction of the tidal current changes
Also, the passage resistance of the tidal current passing through the wire does not change.
No. For this reason, seawater flowing due to tidal currents, ocean currents, etc.
Regardless of the direction, the grid-like wire is transmitted smoothly
Then, it collides vigorously with the vertical plate. For this reason, the present invention
Artificial reefs tidal currents in all directions
Has the advantage that it can efficiently generate an upward flow
You. For that, a large number of wires are stretched, and the vertical
Creates a closed space, and efficiently generates ascending flow
Can be done.

The artificial fishing according to claim 2 of the present invention.
The reef is wrapped around a vertical rod secured to a vertical plate
The extremely simple structure of the wire rod that can be
There is an advantage that can expand to. In particular, the vertical rod
Since it is fixed vertically to the board, it is wrapped around it in a grid
Wire rods are arranged vertically. Wires lined up vertically
The resistance of seawater flow rising vertically is reduced. Sea water
Because the area to flow smoothly is extended in the vertical direction
It is. For this reason, artificial reefs of this structure require closed spaces.
Seawater flowing with tidal currents or ocean currents
It is possible to efficiently generate eddies as updrafts.
You.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a conventional concrete fishing reef.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing another example of a conventional concrete fishing reef.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing another example of the conventional concrete fishing reef.

FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view showing a state in which members arranged in a water channel disturb the flow environment of a water flow.

FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a state where rushes gather in the waterway shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a state where rushes gather in the waterway shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a state where rushes gather in the waterway shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing an artificial reef according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a front view of a main part showing a state where a wire is connected to a vertical plate.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing another specific example of connecting a wire to a vertical plate.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing an artificial reef according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a plan view of the artificial reef shown in FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a side view of the artificial reef shown in FIG. 11;

FIG. 14 Shows the tidal current passing between vertical wires
Horizontal cross section

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Closed space 2 ... Box 3 ... Vertical plate 4 ... Wire 5 ... Recess 6 ... Through-hole 7 ... Obstacle 8 ... Spacer 9 ... Nut 10 ... Vertical rod 11 ... Wire

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. Three or more vertical plates (3) are formed of concrete, and the formed vertical plates (3) face in the vertical direction and are arranged radially with respect to each other.
Further, a plurality of wires (4) extending vertically and separated in the horizontal direction are connected in a grid pattern to the outer peripheral edge of the vertical plate (3), and two adjacent vertical plates (3) are connected to each other. And lattice
An artificial reef made of concrete, characterized in that a closed space is formed with the wire (4). 2. A vertical rod (10) is fixed to the vertical plate (3) so as to extend upward, and the vertical rod (10) has a grid.
The artificial reef made of concrete according to claim 1 , wherein the wire (4) is connected in a wound state.