JP5475480B2 - Underwater installation structure - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to underwater installation structure installed in the water.

  A screen-type underwater installation structure is known as an underwater installation structure according to the first prior art. The screen-type underwater installation structure consists of two types of screen-type structures. When installing a screen-type underwater installation structure on the seabed, these screen-type structures are all suspended by ropes or the like. (See, for example, Patent Document 1). A mound-shaped underwater installation structure is known as an underwater installation structure according to the second prior art. When installing a mound-shaped underwater installation structure, stone or block-like mound material is put into the sea from the sea surface via a floating body device moored in a predetermined sea area and allowed to sink. Form as an aggregate of multiple mound materials on the sea floor. The mound-shaped underwater installation structure includes a conical mound-like structure formed by depositing in a conical shape, and a pair of the conical mound-like structures obtained by throwing the mound material into the sea from a similar ship. It consists of the partition structure formed so that a thing may be connected (for example, refer patent document 2).

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-3376 Japanese Patent No. 2992940

  In the case of the screen-type underwater installation structure according to the first prior art, since it is submerged in the sea while being suspended by a rope and installed at a predetermined position (the seabed), the depth of the seabed to be installed is There is a problem that the length is limited. In addition, the two types of screen structures must be installed so as to be perpendicular to the tidal current, and advanced installation techniques are required. In the case of the mound-type underwater installation structure according to the second prior art, since the mound material to be input is given an external force by the tidal current, the positioning accuracy at a predetermined deposition position on the seabed is lowered. In addition, the pair of conical mound-like structures and the partition structure connecting them must be constructed so as to be perpendicular to the tidal current, and the installation state cannot be controlled and determined with high accuracy. There is a problem.

  In addition, in the underwater installation structures according to the first and second prior arts, the fluid flowing in one predetermined direction can generate any flow in the vertical direction, but the flow in any horizontal direction can be generated. On the other hand, there is a problem that the flow in the vertical direction cannot be generated and the versatility is poor.

An object of the present invention is to provide an underwater installation structure that can be accurately installed in a predetermined installation state without limiting the water depth of the installation location.

Further, another object of the present invention is to install in water that can generate a flow including at least one of the vertical directions with respect to the fluid even when the fluid moves in any horizontal direction. Is to provide a structure.

The present invention is an underwater installation structure formed in a longitudinal shape,
A longitudinal shaped body which have a longitudinal central portion as perpendicular to the longitudinal direction a second portion of the other longitudinal than than virtual plane to the longitudinal direction one of the first portion the virtual plane of the longitudinally extending ,
The first part and the second part are asymmetric with respect to the virtual plane;
The center of gravity exists in the second part,
When the buoyancy imparted from the fluid when placed in the fluid is approximated as a virtual external force with respect to one action point, the position of the action point is one of the longitudinal directions from the position of the center of gravity of the second portion. A longitudinally shaped body that is shifted to the side of
It is set to a density and weight that allows the longitudinal shape body to settle in the fluid against the buoyancy imparted from the fluid to the longitudinal shape body, and is connected to the other longitudinal end of the longitudinal shape body via a rope. look including a weight to be,
The first portion is a regular quadrangular prism portion formed in the shape of a regular quadrangular prism,
The second part is a columnar part formed in a columnar shape,
The underwater is characterized in that the regular quadrangular column portion is arranged adjacent to the columnar portion on one side in the longitudinal direction of the columnar portion, the axis line of which coincides with a straight line including the axis line of the columnar portion. It is an installation structure.

Moreover, according to the present invention, an underwater installation structure formed in a longitudinal shape,
A longitudinal shaped body which have a longitudinal central portion as perpendicular to the longitudinal direction a second portion of the other longitudinal than than virtual plane to the longitudinal direction one of the first portion the virtual plane of the longitudinally extending ,
The first part and the second part are asymmetric with respect to the virtual plane;
The center of gravity exists in the second part,
When the buoyancy imparted from the fluid when placed in the fluid is approximated as a virtual external force with respect to one action point, the position of the action point is one of the longitudinal directions from the position of the center of gravity of the second portion. A longitudinally shaped body that is shifted to the side of
It is set to a density and weight that allows the longitudinal shape body to settle in the fluid against the buoyancy imparted from the fluid to the longitudinal shape body, and is connected to the other longitudinal end of the longitudinal shape body via a rope. look including a weight to be,
The first portion is a regular quadrangular prism portion formed in the shape of a regular quadrangular prism,
The second part is a columnar part formed in a columnar shape,
The regular quadrangular column portion is arranged adjacent to the columnar portion on one side in the longitudinal direction of the columnar portion, the axis line of which coincides with a straight line including the axis line of the columnar portion.

  Thereby, the underwater installation structure including the longitudinally shaped body and the weight can be settled in the fluid. In addition, the longitudinal body can be suspended in the fluid with one end portion in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal body facing upward. As a result, the longitudinally shaped body is arranged in a state where the longitudinal direction is defined, and therefore, the longitudinally shaped body is subjected to a fluid flow approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and approximately horizontal, so that the fluid including at least one of the vertical directions is included. A flow can be generated.

  Moreover, according to this invention, the underwater installation structure is comprised including a regular square pole part and a cylindrical part. The regular quadrangular prism portion is formed in the shape of a regular quadrangular prism, and the cylindrical portion is formed in a cylindrical shape. The regular quadrangular prism portion coincides with a straight line whose axis includes the axis of the cylindrical portion, and is disposed adjacent to the cylindrical portion in one longitudinal direction than the cylindrical portion.

  Accordingly, when the underwater installation structure is allowed to settle, the one end portion in the longitudinal direction of the underwater installation structure can be allowed to settle in a posture in which the end portion is directed upward from the other end portion in the longitudinal direction. Even if the underwater installation structure may sink in a posture where the longitudinal direction is temporarily horizontal, the sum of the drag applied to the longitudinal shape body from the fluid that moves relative to the underwater installation structure is the longitudinal direction. Becomes non-uniform. Accordingly, when the external force applied from the fluid is approximated as an external force acting on one action point, the position of the action point is shifted to one side in the longitudinal direction from the center of gravity of the underwater installation structure. As a result, the underwater installation structure sinks in a posture in which either one of the regular quadrangular prism portion and the columnar portion faces upward, and is disposed on the bottom of the water.

  When a tidal current or a water flow from the side acts on the underwater installation structure installed on the bottom of the water in this state, it is possible to generate a vertical flow of the fluid, particularly an upwelling flow. When a tidal current or water flow in one direction perpendicular to the axis acts on the regular quadrangular column and the cylindrical portion, the back pressure of the regular quadrangular column is low and the back pressure of the cylindrical portion is high. Therefore, if a fluid that moves relatively from the side acts on an underwater installation structure installed on the bottom of the water with either one of the regular quadrangular prism portion or the columnar portion facing upward, the tidal current or water flow is greater than the underwater installation structure. Upwelling flow can be generated on the downstream side.

FIG. 1 (c), Ri FIG der showing an example of the underwater installation structure 1 of the present invention, FIG. 1 (a), (b) , an example of the underwater installation structure 1 (d) is Reference Example Ru Figure der showing. It is a figure explaining the formation area of the upwelling flow in the underwater installation structure 1 of the example shown to Fig.1 (a). It is a figure which shows the result of having measured the relationship between the taper ratio and the upwelling flow coefficient in the underwater installation structure 1 of the example shown to Fig.1 (a). It is a figure which shows the result of having measured the relationship between the distance from the underwater installation structure 1, the upwelling flow velocity coefficient, and the taper ratio in the conical underwater installation structure 1 placed in water. It is a figure explaining the measurement position in the case of the measurement of FIG. 6 (a) and 6 (b) are explanatory diagrams for measuring the relationship between the inclination angle and the upwelling flow coefficient in the underwater installation structure 1 of the example shown in FIG. 1 (a). It is a figure which shows the result of having measured the relationship between the inclination | tilt angle and the upwelling flow coefficient in the inclination state shown in FIG.6 (b). It is a figure which shows the virtual cone 20 in the underwater installation structure 1 of the shape which piled up the cylindrical part from which a diameter differs. 9A shows a conical underwater installation structure 1 having a taper ratio of 0.15, FIG. 9B shows a two-stage cylindrical underwater installation structure 1 whose gradient approximates this, and FIG. 9C. FIG. 3 is a front view showing the underwater installation structure 1 having a three-stage columnar shape. It is a figure which shows the result of having measured the relationship between the protrusion rate and the upwelling flow coefficient of the lower stage cylindrical part in the underwater installation structure 1 of the shape which piled up the cylindrical part from which a diameter differs. It is a figure which shows the measurement result of the upwelling flow coefficient in the underwater installation structure 1 of the cone shape of 0.15 taper ratio, and the underwater installation structure 1 which combined the cylindrical part and the regular square pillar part. It is a perspective view which shows an example of the installation state of the underwater installation structure 1 in the water of the underwater installation structure group 100. FIG. FIG. 13A to FIG. 13D are schematic plan views showing the relationship with the water flow in the installation state of the underwater installation structure 1 in the water of the underwater installation structure group 100. It is a figure which shows the result of having measured the relationship between the arrangement direction of the underwater installation structure 1 in the underwater installation structure group 100 shown in FIG. It is a figure showing the structure of the underwater installation structure group 200 in other embodiment of a reference example .

Hereinafter, FIG. 1C, which is a mode for carrying out the present invention, will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating four examples of the underwater installation structure 1. 1 (a), 1 (b) and 1 (d) show a front view of a reference example, and FIG. 1 (c) which is a form for carrying out the present invention shows a perspective view. An underwater installation structure 1 shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b) has a truncated cone shape and is uniformly formed of a material having a specific gravity greater than that of water (for example, concrete). No internal space is formed inside. Therefore, it is not hollow but formed solid.

Water installed structure 1 is placed in the water installation structure 1, by interaction with water, to generate the vertical flow in the fluid around the underwater installation structure 1, seafood in water installed structure 1 Improve the habitat of seaweeds and seaweeds. The underwater installation structure group 100 includes a plurality of installed underwater installation structures 1. FIG. 1C and FIG. 1D show an example of the underwater installation structure 1 including a portion having a specific gravity greater than seawater and a portion having a specific gravity smaller than seawater. A portion having a higher specific gravity than seawater is formed of a uniform material.

Water installed structure especially 1 can efficiently generate upwelling directed from below to above. However, even if the surrounding fluid is forced to generate a downward flow from above to below, the fluid around the underwater installation structure 1 is stirred in the vertical direction as a result. There is no denying an embodiment in which a downward flow is generated due to a difference in back pressure generated on the downstream side. In the present embodiment, the fluid is a liquid.

In one embodiment of the reference example shown in FIG. 1 (a), by forming a truncated cone shape, the longitudinal direction (the direction along the central axis 10, the height direction of the truncated cone) passes through the central portion of the longitudinal direction. The shape is asymmetric with respect to a virtual plane 10a perpendicular to the direction. Further, the position of the action point determined when approximating as a virtual external force with respect to one action point from the fluid moving relative to any one of the directions perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is the center of gravity 1c. It is made into the shape which receives the external force used as the position which shifted | deviated to the said longitudinal direction one side from this position.

  Therefore, when the underwater installation structure 1 is allowed to settle in the flowing water area 4, the end (upper bottom) 1a as one end in the longitudinal direction becomes the former (lower bottom) as the other end in the longitudinal direction. It sinks with the attitude | position which faced upwards rather than 1b, and is stably installed in the water bottom 40 in the state as shown in FIG. Moreover, since this underwater installation structure 1 is made into the symmetrical shape around the center axis line 10, when this underwater installation structure 1 is installed in the water area 4 with the water flow 2, what direction is it? Even if it becomes, the shape of the side facing the water flow 2 and the shape of the back side (downstream side) become the same. The “water bottom” (40) may be the bottom of a water area including the ocean, that is, the bottom of the water area including a lake and a river. Therefore, the fluid which is a liquid in the present embodiment is specifically water in seawater, a lake, a river, or the like.

  When the underwater installation structure 1 is installed in the water area 4 where the water flow 2 exists, the upwelling flow 3 is generated along the downstream side surface of the underwater installation structure 1. This upwelling flow 3 is generated by a difference in back pressure. Here, the back pressure is a pressure acting behind the pressure operation surface, and particularly, an underwater installation of a fluid that moves relative to the underwater installation structure 1 and applies a fluid pressure to the underwater installation structure 1. The accumulated back pressure in the vicinity of the structure 1 is meant. If there is a gradient in this back pressure difference, upwelling flow 3 is generated. The gradient of the back pressure difference is understood to be synonymous with converting the water flow 2 in the horizontal direction into the vertical direction because the shape of the underwater installation structure 1 is conical (tapered).

  FIG. 2 shows a region of the upwelling flow 3 generated in the rear (downstream) region when the water flow 2 acts on the frustoconical underwater installation structure 1. In FIG. 2, regions indicated by 3 a and 3 b are regions where the upwelling flow 3 is generated. Of the region indicated by 3c, the region excluding the regions indicated by 3a and 3b is a region where a downward water flow is generated. The regions 3a and 3b where the upwelling flow is generated are horizontal regions having a size 0.5 to 1 times the diameter of the underwater installation structure 1 behind the underwater installation structure 1 in each height direction. Have been verified by the present inventors.

  The upward fluid flow is called “upwelling flow”. The downward flow of fluid is sometimes referred to as “downflow”. Either one or both of the upward and downward flows of the fluid may be referred to as “upstream / downstream”. In the present embodiment, the upstream and downstream caused by the flow of seawater in the sea area and the upstream and downstream caused by the water flow in the lake and river are not particularly distinguished and will be described using similar terms.

  In FIG. 1B, the central axis 10 formed by connecting the central points of the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction at a plurality of positions different in the longitudinal direction is formed into a linear shape. In the section cut along any one plane, the underwater installation structure 1 is formed so that the other portions except the portion perpendicular to the central axis 10 among the portions forming the outer edge of the cross section are formed in a concave shape. An example is shown. That is, the shape in side view is a shape in which the inclined surface of the truncated cone is recessed concavely toward the center. Also in this example, when it is installed on the bottom 40 of the water area 4 where the water flow 2 exists, the upwelling flow 3 is generated along the downstream side surface of the underwater installation structure 1.

  FIG. 1C is a perspective view of the underwater installation structure including the elongated body 51 and the weight 19. The elongated body 51 includes a regular quadrangular prism portion 11 formed in the shape of a regular quadrangular prism and a cylindrical portion 12 formed in a cylindrical shape, and the axis of the regular quadrangular prism portion 11 is the axis of the cylindrical portion 12. The area of the cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical portion 12 is equal to the longitudinal direction of the square column portion 11, which is adjacent to the cylindrical portion 12 on one side in the longitudinal direction than the cylindrical portion 12. The example of the underwater installation structure 1 set smaller than the area of the cross section perpendicular | vertical to is shown. In this case, the shape in plan view is such that the circle of the cylindrical portion 12 is an inscribed circle with respect to the regular square of the regular quadrangular prism portion 11.

  In this example, the underwater installation structure 1 is formed of a material in which the specific gravity of the elongated body 51 is smaller than that of water (seawater). Therefore, it is necessary to connect one end of the rope 13 to the lower end and attach a weight 19 to the other end of the rope 13 so as to settle in the water area 4. Specifically, the weight 19 is attached to one end portion of the rope 13, and the other end portion of the rope 13 is attached to the other end portion of the elongated body 51, that is, the end portion of the cylindrical portion. As a result, the elongated body 51 and the weight 19 are placed on the water bottom 40 in the same posture as when the regular quadrangular prism portion 11 is set upward and the columnar portion 12 is set downward and set. In the state of being submerged in the water area 4, the underwater installation structure 1 is in a state of floating in the water area 4 as illustrated.

  Also in this example, when installed in the water area 4 where the water flow 2 exists as shown in the drawing, the upwelling flow 3 is generated along the downstream side surface of the underwater installation structure 1. When a tidal current or a water flow perpendicular to the central axis 10 acts on the underwater installation structure 1, the back pressure generated on the downstream side of the regular rectangular column portion 11 becomes lower than the back pressure generated on the downstream side of the cylindrical portion 12. . Although the shape of the regular quadrangular column 11 has anisotropy with respect to a plurality of directions perpendicular to the central axis 10, the tide or water flow acting on the regular quadrangular column 11 is in any direction perpendicular to the central axis 10. Even if it exists, the back pressure lower than the back pressure of the cylindrical part 12 is produced.

  Therefore, when the underwater installation structure 1 is installed on the bottom 40 of the water area 4 where the water flow 2 exists as shown in FIG. 1C, the flow direction of the cylindrical portion 12 along the downstream side surface of the underwater installation structure 1. The upwelling flow 3 is generated from the downstream position toward the downstream position in the flow direction of the regular rectangular column portion 11. Even in the underwater installation structure 1 composed of such a combination of the regular quadrangular column portion 11 and the columnar portion 12, back pressure is generated in the rear region, thereby generating the upwelling flow 3.

  The underwater installation structure 1 shown in FIG. 1 (d) has a truncated cone shape like the underwater installation structure 1 shown in FIG. 1 (a), but its specific gravity is substantially the same as or slightly smaller than that of water (seawater). It is formed with. Therefore, it is necessary to connect one end of the rope 13 to the lower end and attach a weight 19 to the other end of the rope 13 so as to settle in the water area 4. In the state of being submerged in the water area 4, the underwater installation structure 1 is in a state of floating in the water area 4 as illustrated. Also in this example, when installed in the water area 4 where the water flow 2 exists as shown in the drawing, the upwelling flow 3 is generated along the downstream side surface of the underwater installation structure 1.

  As a concept common to the shape of the underwater installation structure 1 shown in FIG. 1 (a), FIG. 1 (b), and FIG. 1 (d), the cross-sectional shape cut at any virtual plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is also circular. It can be said that it is formed in the shape which becomes, and is formed in the shape which becomes tapered as it goes to the said longitudinal direction one side. Further, as a concept common to the shape of the underwater installation structure 1 shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the other end portion in the longitudinal direction has a shape that forms a flat bottom surface perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. It can be said that the leg of the perpendicular line formed and lowered from the center of gravity 1c toward the plane including the bottom surface is formed in a shape located on the bottom surface. These underwater installation structures 1 in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1D include those in which the central axis 10 is bent.

  FIG. 3 shows the measurement results of the relationship between the taper ratio and the upwelling flow coefficient in the frustoconical underwater installation structure 1 as shown in FIG. 1 (a) or the conical underwater installation structure. . Here, the taper ratio is calculated by “(the diameter of the original opening 1b−the diameter of the end opening 1a) / height” (in the case of a conical shape, the diameter of the end opening is zero). From FIG. 3, it is understood that the upwelling flow coefficient becomes the maximum at 0.063 when the taper ratio is 0.15. Further, from these verifications, it is desirable that the taper ratio is 0.05 to 0.2, which is 10 to 40 when expressed by the slope of the conical slope (a of the quadratic equation y = ax). Can do.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of measuring the relationship between the distance from the underwater installation structure, the upwelling flow coefficient and the taper ratio in the conical underwater installation structure placed in the water. Here, x in the horizontal axis x / d is a distance from the central axis 10 (see FIG. 1) of the underwater installation structure 1, and d is a representative diameter of the conical underwater installation structure 1 (conical underwater). (Diameter at the center of the upper and lower sides of the installation structure 1). In FIG. 4, a result 21 represented by black circles is a result when the taper ratio is 0.05, and a result 22 represented by a black triangle is a result when the taper ratio is 0.10. is there. A result 23 represented by black diamonds is a result when the taper ratio is 0.15, and a result 24 represented by “x” is a result when the taper ratio is 0.20. It is a result.

Therefore, x / d on the horizontal axis indicates how many times the representative diameter d is from the central axis 10 of the underwater installation structure 1. The positive side of the horizontal axis indicates the rear region of the underwater installation structure 1 (downstream side of the water flow), and the negative side indicates the upstream side of the water flow. W on the vertical axis W / U ₀ is the flow velocity of the upwelling flow, which is the flow in the vertical plus direction in FIG. U ₀ is the main flow velocity and the velocity of the water current (ocean current). Furthermore, the four types of curves shown in the figure show differences in taper ratio, and each taper ratio is as shown in the figure.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a measurement position in the measurement of FIG. 4, where y is a distance from the central axis of the underwater installation structure 1 when the underwater installation structure 1 is viewed from above, and y /D=0.5 is a position in contact with the representative diameter d portion of the underwater installation structure 1, and y / d = 0.25 is a position in contact with the intermediate position between the representative diameter d portion and the apex position, Further, y / d = 0 indicates a vertex position.

FIG. 4 shows a case where y / d = 0.5 as a representative example, and the flow velocity is analyzed. FIG. 4 does not show the case of y / d = 0 and y / d = 0.25, but three patterns of y / d = 0, y / d = 0.25 and y / d = 0.5 are the upwelling flow rate coefficient Cw values the average value W of upwelling generated divided by U ₀ described above in. The upwelling velocity coefficient Cw (W / U ₀ ) formed in the vicinity of the back region of the underwater installation structure 1 has a peak value on the downstream side of about 0.7 to 0.8 of the representative diameter d when the taper ratio is 0.1 or more. And once it disappears, it becomes a downward flow. This suggests that a vertical vortex, that is, upstream and downstream, is formed in the rear region of the underwater installation structure 1.

  When y / d = 0, the center position of the vertical vortex is on the downstream side, which is about one time the representative diameter d, but gradually recedes to the downstream side as y / d increases, and as shown in FIG. In the case of d = 0.5, it can be seen that the vortex structure is almost eliminated. The upwelling flow coefficient Qw shown in FIG. 3 is calculated as Qw = Cw × Aw, where Aw is an area (representative area) corresponding to the representative diameter d in the rear region where the upwelling flow occurs.

  FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram for measuring the relationship between the inclination angle θ and the upwelling flow coefficient at the bottom 40 of the underwater installation structure 1 in the example shown in FIG. FIG. 6A is a general side view when the inclination angle θ ≠ 0 ° in the present embodiment. FIG. 6B is based on the case where the underwater installation structure 1 having a taper ratio of 0.15 is not tilted, and changes the tilt angle θ with respect to the bottom 40, and the upwelling flow generated by the water flow 2 at each tilt angle θ. This shows the state of measuring the upwelling flow coefficient.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the results at the respective inclination angles θ shown in FIG. From FIG. 7, it is understood that the upwelling flow coefficient is 1.24 times and 5.86 times when the inclination angle θ is 10 ° and 20 ° as compared with the case where the inclination angle θ is not inclined. This is considered that when the inclination angle θ increases to 10 ° and 20 °, the upwelling flow coefficient increases due to the addition of the velocity component from the side surface. However, if the angle exceeds 30 °, the underwater installation structure 1 falls down at the bottom 40, so that it is desirable that the inclined angle θ is set to be less than 30 °.

  6 and 7, it is assumed that the submerged installation structure 1 is placed on the bottom 40. However, when the bottom 40 is sandy or the like, for example, the end in the longitudinal direction of the submergence structure 1 is shown. The form in which the underwater installation structure 1 is erected by the part being pierced into the water bottom 40 is not denied. If it falls down in response to a tidal current or a water current, it cannot produce a fluid flow in the vertical direction such as an upwelling flow. However, if it is installed at an inclination angle θ of less than about 30 °, a form that pierces the bottom 40 is preferable. In some cases.

  FIG. 8 shows an example of a multistage underwater installation structure 1 configured by coaxially stacking a plurality of cylinders having different diameters, and the figure shows a large-diameter cylinder, a medium-diameter cylinder, and a small-diameter cylinder coaxially arranged. 1 shows an underwater installation structure 1 composed of three cylindrical portions 14, 15, 16 that are integrally stacked from bottom to top in order. As described above, when a plurality of cylindrical portions 14, 15, 16 having different diameters are stacked from one having a larger diameter, the outer shape becomes a tapered shape like a truncated cone shape (two points in the figure). This is a shape indicated by a chain line, and forms a virtual truncated cone shape or a cone shape (hereinafter referred to as a virtual cone shape 20).

  For example, in each case, the representative diameter d is 114.5 cm, FIG. 9A shows the frustoconical underwater installation structure 1 having a taper ratio of 0.15, and FIG. The underwater installation structure 1 in which the taper ratio of the virtual conical shape 20 corresponding to the two-stage stacking of the cylindrical portions 17 and 18 is 0.15 is shown. FIG. 9 (c) shows the underwater installation structure 1 in which the taper ratio of the virtual conical shape 20 corresponding to three-tiered cylindrical portions 14, 15, and 16 is 0.15. For example, when the total height is 11 m40 cm and the diameter of the end is 29 cm, the diameter of the base of the virtual cone 20 having a taper ratio of 0.15 is 200 cm.

  When manufactured in this way, the diameter of the thick cylindrical portion 17 is 114.5 cm, and the diameter of the narrow cylindrical portion 18 is 29 cm in the case of two-tiers. Therefore, the protrusion width B of the step at the connection portion between the adjacent cylindrical portions is 42.75 cm in the case of two-tiers. In the case of three-tiered stacking, the diameter of the thickest cylindrical portion 14 is 143 cm, the diameter of the central cylindrical portion 15 in the direction of the central axis 10 is 86 cm, and the diameter of the thinnest cylindrical portion 16 is 29 cm. Therefore, the protrusion width B of the step at the connection portion between the adjacent cylindrical portions is 28.55 cm. When the protrusion rate (B / d) is calculated from the protrusion width B and the representative diameter d, the protrusion ratio (B / d) is 0.373 in the case of two-tiers and 0.25 in the case of three-tiers. However, these values are only examples, and for example, the length in the longitudinal direction and the value of the protrusion rate (B / d) are not limited to these values.

  By setting it as such a structure, the upper-end peripheral part of all the cylindrical parts 14-18 will be arrange | positioned in the position which inscribes with respect to the side surface of the virtual cone shape 20. FIG. FIG. 10 shows the results of measuring the relationship between the protrusion rate (B / d) and the upwelling flow coefficient. When the protrusion rate (B / d) is 0 (zero), it means that the frustoconical underwater installation structure 1 has a taper ratio of 0.15. From FIG. 10, it is understood that the upwelling flow coefficient approaches the case of the reference underwater installation structure 1 having a truncated cone shape having a taper ratio of 0.15 as the number of steps (number) of the cylindrical portion is increased. .

  FIG. 11 shows the upwelling flow coefficient in an underwater installation structure 1 having a conical shape (or a truncated cone shape) with a taper ratio of 0.15 and an underwater installation structure 1 in which a regular square column portion 11 and a cylindrical portion 12 are combined. It is a figure which shows the measurement result. Specifically, P shown in the figure indicates the former and Q indicates the latter. P corresponds to the underwater installation structure 1 shown in FIG. 1 (a), and Q corresponds to the underwater installation structure 1 shown in FIG. 1 (c). When the shape is designed such that a regular square column and a cylinder are combined as in Q, upwelling to the downstream side of the regular square column portion 11 side with lower back pressure than the downstream side of the columnar portion 12 is recognized. The upwelling flow coefficient is 1.4 times that of the underwater installation structure 1 (example shown as P) having a reference taper ratio of 0.15.

  This means that even if the diameter of the structure is not set as a particularly large difference, it is possible to form a back pressure gradient (upwelling flow) simply by connecting the prism and the cylinder. Yes. As a result, it was confirmed that if there was a gradient of the back pressure difference, the upwelling flow was generated. Therefore, the gradient of the back pressure difference was not limited to the two types shown in FIG. If so, it is considered possible to generate upwelling flow.

In an embodiment of another reference example, when the underwater installation structure 1 formed in a longitudinal shape is disposed on the water bottom 40 in a posture in which the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal shape, that is, the direction of the central axis line 10 coincides with the vertical direction. Three portions having different cross-sectional shapes may be formed along the central axis 10. The shape of the cross section perpendicular to the central axis 10 of each of the three parts arranged vertically is, for example, circular, square, or circular from the top. The length of each part in the vertical direction is set to the same length. Since the back pressure of the part where the cross-sectional shape is formed into a square is lower than the back pressure of the part where the cross-section is formed into a circular shape, this causes a partial upwelling at half the height from the bottom. In the range of half the height from the top, a downward flow is generated, whereby the surrounding fluid can be stirred up and down.

  As described above, in the embodiment in which a plurality of portions having different cross-sectional shapes are provided vertically along the central axis 10, the total specific gravity is set lighter than water as in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. Although the embodiment is such that the weight 19 is connected to the bottom of the water area by connecting the weight 19 from the other end in the longitudinal direction, the other end is heavier than the one end in the longitudinal direction in other embodiments. By setting, the posture when sinking may be controlled. In these embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 (c) and 1 (d), except for the rope 13 and the weight 19, the underwater installation structure 1 receives buoyancy from water or seawater and tends to float. Although the rope 13 and the weight 19 prevent the levitation, the posture of the portion to be levitation is controlled by buoyancy.

  In order to make the density lower than that of the surrounding fluid, for example, it may be formed in a hollow shape, the inflow of fluid into the internal space is prevented, and the entire specific gravity may be set light by enclosing air in the internal space. Further, buoyancy may be generated by attaching a plurality of resin balloons filled with gas as buoyancy bodies. Further, buoyancy may be generated by making the material itself a material having a density lower than 1.

  In still another embodiment, the total specific gravity of the entire underwater installation structure 1 is set to be heavier than water and seawater, and the specific gravity of one end in the longitudinal direction of the underwater installation structure 1 is set to the other in the longitudinal direction. By setting it lighter than the specific gravity of the end portion, the posture during the settling and the posture installed on the water bottom 40 can be controlled. As described above, setting the difference in specific gravity between one end in the longitudinal direction and the other end in the longitudinal direction is realized by enclosing air inside, attaching a buoyant body, changing the material itself, etc. May be. Even in such an embodiment, it is possible to achieve both the installation by settling without a rope and the control of the posture arranged at the bottom 40.

  FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing an example of the installation state of the underwater installation structure 1 at the bottom of the underwater installation structure group 100 (in the drawing, the water area and the bottom of the water are not shown). As shown in FIG. 12, a large number (four are shown) of the frustoconical underwater installation structures 1 are regularly arranged on the bottom of the water, and the underwater installation structure group 100 is configured. As shown in the figure, in the underwater installation structure group 100 configured on the flowing water bottom, the upwelling flow is generated on the downstream side in the flow direction of the underwater installation structure 1. Therefore, the water area (sea area) in the vicinity of the underwater installation structure group 100 where these upwelling flows gather is a good habitat for fish.

  In addition, stirring the fluid in the vertical direction at the bottom 40 can provide suitable conditions not only for fish but also for all seafood and seaweed. Thus, for example, an algae field can be formed, a marine organism feeding ground and a spawning ground in the algae field can be formed, and a fry farm can be provided. When the seaweed community declines, a phenomenon called “burning”, in which communities such as lime algae are preferentially formed, may be seen. In areas where firewood is burnt, kelp or the like does not grow well, which may result in insufficient growth of sea urchins and the like. Such a salmon burn phenomenon has a problem that it causes a decrease in fishery production of not only sea urchins but also seafood such as abalone and useful seaweed such as kelp. On the other hand, by installing the underwater installation structure 1, it is possible to expect the effect of suppressing or preventing firewood burning by promoting the growth of marine organisms.

  When the underwater installation structure 1 and the underwater installation structure group 100 are installed at the bottom of a water area stored as a dam, they attempt to accumulate on the bottom 40 by stirring the fluid in the vertical direction using the water flow as a driving force. The earth and sand can be rolled up, and a decrease in the amount of stored water due to the accumulation of earth and sand at the bottom 40 can be suppressed.

  When each underwater installation structure 1 is installed in, for example, the ocean, the diameter of the main entrance is set to a size of 1 m to several m. For example, the bottom 40 of a water area having a smaller scale than the ocean, such as the bottom of a dam. In the case of being installed in the space, it may be set to a size of several tens of cm to 1 m. When installing on the bottom 40 of the river, the underwater installation structures 1 included in the underwater installation structure group 100 may be arranged in contact with each other, and have an interval of several tens of cm to several m. It may be arranged open.

  FIG. 13 is a schematic plan view showing the relationship with the water flow in the installation state of the underwater installation structure 1 at the bottom of the underwater installation structure group 100 (in the drawing, the water area and the bottom of the water are not shown). FIG. 13A and FIG. 13B show a state in which the underwater installation structure 1 is installed in parallel to the direction of the water flow 2. If the center-to-center distance between adjacent underwater installation structures 1 and 1 in this case is “the center distance in the water flow direction” (LT), FIG. 13B is more adjacent to the case of FIG. The case where the distance LT between the water flow direction center of the bottom face of the suitable underwater installation structure 1 and 1 is shown is shown.

  FIG. 13C and FIG. 13D show a state in which the underwater installation structure 1 is installed perpendicular to the direction of the water flow 2. If the center-to-center distance between adjacent underwater installation structures 1 and 1 in this case is “inter-direction center distance” (LY), FIG. 13 (d) is more adjacent than FIG. 13 (c). The case where the distance LY between the cross direction centers of the bottom face of the matching underwater installation structures 1 and 1 is large is shown. The underwater installation structure 1 shown in these drawings has a truncated cone shape or a cone shape with a bottom diameter of D and a taper ratio of 0.15.

  FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the results of measuring the relationship between the arrangement direction and arrangement interval of the underwater installation structure 1 and the upwelling flow coefficient in the installation state of the underwater installation structure group 100 shown in FIG. 13. In FIG. 14, the horizontal axis is the bottom diameter D divided by the center distance LT in the water flow direction or the center distance LY in the cross direction, and the smaller the numerical value, the greater the distance between the adjacent underwater installation structures 1 and 1. In the case of 0 (zero), both of the underwater installation structures 1 and 1 are separated from each other at infinity, that is, substantially the same as when the underwater installation structure 1 is installed alone.

  Of the two curves shown in FIG. 14, the result 25 represented with a black circle represents “D / LT”, and the result 26 represented with a black square represents “D / LY”. Represents. Further, 0.5 on the horizontal axis indicates a state where the underwater installation structures 1 and 1 are separated from the bottom surface diameter D by twice, and 0.33 on the horizontal axis indicates that the underwater installation structures 1 and 1 are 3 of the bottom surface diameter D. The doubled state is shown. The arrangement interval represented as the horizontal axis in FIG. 14 is a value obtained by dividing the bottom surface diameter D by the center-to-center distance in the water flow direction parallel to the fluid flow or in the perpendicular crossing direction. The bottom surface diameter D is the diameter of the original mouth.

  In FIG. 14, when the underwater installation structures 1, 1 are installed in parallel to the direction of the water flow 2 (D / LT plot) as shown in FIGS. 13 (a) and 13 (b), the adjacent underwater If the center distance LT between the installation structures 1 and 1 is twice the bottom diameter D, the upwelling coefficient is lower than the case where the underwater installation structure 1 is a single unit (dashed line level in the figure). It is understood that the generation of the updraft is inhibited, but if it is tripled, the occurrence of the upwelling is not inhibited.

  When the underwater installation structures 1 and 1 are installed perpendicular to the direction of the water flow 2 as shown in FIGS. 13C and 13D (D / LY plot), the underwater installation structure 1 , 1, the upwelling flow coefficient increases, and when the distance LY between the crossing centers between the underwater installation structures 1 and 1 is further closer to 3 times the bottom diameter D, the upwelling flow coefficient suddenly increases, It is understood that the occurrence of upward current becomes significant.

  From the above, when the underwater installation structures 1 and 1 are installed parallel to the direction of the water flow 2 as shown in FIG. 13 (a) or FIG. 13 (b), the installation is underwater at intervals of about three times the bottom diameter D. When the structures 1 and 1 are installed, the generation of upwelling flow is not hindered. Therefore, in this case, it is preferable to arrange with a setting of 3 times or more. In addition, as shown in FIG. 13C or 13D, when the underwater installation structures 1 and 1 are installed perpendicular to the direction of the water flow 2, the upwelling flow is generated as the underwater installation structures 1 and 1 are brought closer. Become effective. From the viewpoint of fish habitat environment due to the upwelling flow of the entire group of underwater installation structures 100, the center distance LT in the water flow direction or the center distance LY in the cross direction is more than three times the number D depending on the installation environment. It is desirable to set it to 10 times or less or 100 times or less. Thereby, even if there is a change in the direction in which the fluid flows, efficiency can be improved by installing the plurality of underwater installation structures 1 for the fluid in any direction.

  When a plurality of underwater installation structures 1 are arranged as the underwater installation structure group 100, the distance between the underwater installation structures 1 is different between the ocean and the river. For example, in the ocean, when installing the underwater installation structure 1 having a diameter of the original opening of about 200 cm, the interval between the underwater installation structures 1 is set to any value of, for example, several meters or more and 100 m or less. . At the bottom 40 of a lake or river, especially the bottom of a dam, an underwater installation structure 1 having a diameter of several tens to 100 cm is installed, and the distance between the underwater installation structures 1 is, for example, several tens of cm or more. It is set to any value below several meters. These intervals when the underwater installation structure 1 is installed are set in consideration of the tidal current or the direction of the water current.

  The actual water area to which the underwater installation structure 1 or the underwater installation structure group 100 according to the present invention is applied is the sea, a lake, a dam lake, and the like. It means the lake bottom. The measurements shown in FIGS. 3, 4, 7, 10, 11, and 14 are all based on a model.

  According to the underwater installation structure according to the present embodiment, when sinking into the water, it is possible to sink in a posture in which one end portion in the longitudinal direction is directed upward from the other end portion in the longitudinal direction. Or it can be made to install accurately in a predetermined position in water. Thereby, since it can be made to sink without using a rope etc. like the underwater installation structure concerning the 1st prior art, it is not restrict | limited to the water depth of installation object. Moreover, it is possible to effectively generate upwelling currents and to improve the habitat of fish in the water.

  Moreover, according to the underwater installation structure group which concerns on this embodiment, in addition to the effect by the shape characteristic of an underwater installation structure, the efficiency of generation | occurrence | production of a spring upflow can be made high.

(Other embodiments)
FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of an underwater installation structure group 200 according to another embodiment of the reference example . The underwater installation structure 1 according to another embodiment is similar to the underwater installation structure 1 according to the above-described embodiment, and hereinafter, description will be made focusing on differences between the above-described embodiment and other embodiments. To do.

  The underwater installation structure 1 includes a longitudinally shaped body 51, a cable body 52, and a floating body 53. The longitudinal shape body 51 is formed in a longitudinal shape, and one or a plurality of the longitudinal shape bodies 51 are installed in the fluid. Each longitudinally shaped body 51 passes through the longitudinal center part of the longitudinal shape, and has a first part in the longitudinal direction rather than a virtual one plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and a second part in the longitudinal direction other than the virtual one plane. The first part and the second part are formed asymmetric with respect to the virtual plane. The first portion and the second portion are formed in a shape in which a cross-sectional shape cut at any virtual plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is circular.

  In addition, the longitudinally shaped body 51 is formed in a shape that tapers toward one side in the longitudinal direction, and is set to have a specific gravity greater than that of the fluid around the area to be installed. The cord body 52 is engaged with one end or the other end in the longitudinal direction of each longitudinally shaped body 51. The strip body 52 has the elongated body 51 engaged with one end portion of the strip body 52, and the other end portion of the strip body 52 is connected to the floating body 53. The floating body 53 is connected to the other end of the cable body 52, is set to have a specific gravity smaller than that of the fluid, and is formed so as to be able to float on the water surface in a state where one or a plurality of the longitudinally shaped bodies 51 are suspended in the fluid. Is done.

  Thus, for example, the longitudinal shape body 51 is suspended in a fluid such as the sea, a river, a lake, etc. in a state where one or a plurality of the longitudinal shape bodies 51 are suspended from the levitated body 53 such as a coral via the cable body 52. can do. Moreover, the depth in the fluid which installs the longitudinally-shaped body 51 can be arbitrarily set by setting and changing the length of the rope body 52, such as a rope or a wire. Accordingly, when the fluid collides with the longitudinal body 51 with a flow, a flow including any one of the vertical directions can be generated on the downstream side of the longitudinal body 51 in the flow direction. Therefore, the fluid in the installed water area can be agitated.

  Further, the underwater installation structure 1 can make the fluid flowing in any direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction into a flow including a vector component in the longitudinal direction, so that it is only up and down with respect to a predetermined fluid as in the prior art. Rather than generating a directional flow, a vertical flow can be generated for a fluid flowing in any of the approximately horizontal directions. Thereby, the highly versatile underwater installation structure 1 can be provided. Thereby, the habitat environment of seafood and seaweeds can be improved, and the propagation and growth of organisms in the algae can be promoted.

  Further, when a plurality of layers of different temperatures are formed in the fluid so as to overlap each other, the fluid can be mixed at the boundary, that is, the temperature jump layer. As a result, the temperature climbing layer formed can be eliminated, and temperature changes at different heights can be mitigated. When the thermal climbing layer is formed, for example, when energy based on the propulsive force of the ship is consumed for mixing the thermal jumping layer, a phenomenon that the propulsion efficiency of the ship is significantly reduced occurs. On the other hand, if the underwater installation structure 1 is installed in an area where a ship passes and an area where a temperature climax is formed, the promotion of the ship in the sea area or basin can be achieved by eliminating the temperature climax. It can be prevented from being hindered.

  In this underwater installation structure group 200, a plurality of longitudinal bodies 51 are installed, and one or a plurality of adjacent other longitudinal bodies arranged closest to one longitudinal body 51 among the plurality of longitudinal bodies 51. The shape body 51 is installed in a posture in which the tapered end portion faces in a direction opposite to the direction in which the tapered end portion of the one long shape body 51 faces.

  Thereby, the direction of the flow generated in the vicinity of each longitudinally shaped body 51 and the direction of the flow generated in the vicinity of the adjacent longitudinally shaped body 51 in the vicinity thereof can be set in opposite directions. Therefore, vortices can be efficiently generated by the flow including the vertical component. Thereby, the effect of stirring in the vertical direction can be enhanced as compared with the case where the tapered end portions of the plurality of adjacent longitudinally shaped bodies 51 are installed in a posture facing the same direction.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Underwater installation structure 1a Longitudinal direction 1b Longitudinal direction other 1c Center of gravity 4 Water area 10 Center axis 10a Virtual plane 11 Regular square column part 12 Cylindrical part 14, 15, 16 Cylindrical part 17, 18 Cylindrical part 20 Virtual Conical 40 Water bottom 100 Underwater installation structure group D Bottom diameter LT Water flow center distance LY Cross direction center distance θ Inclination angle

Claims (1)

An underwater installation structure formed in a longitudinal shape,
A longitudinal shaped body which have a longitudinal central portion as perpendicular to the longitudinal direction a second portion of the other longitudinal than than virtual plane to the longitudinal direction one of the first portion the virtual plane of the longitudinally extending ,
The first part and the second part are asymmetric with respect to the virtual plane;
The center of gravity exists in the second part,
When the buoyancy imparted from the fluid when placed in the fluid is approximated as a virtual external force with respect to one action point, the position of the action point is one of the longitudinal directions from the position of the center of gravity of the second portion. A longitudinally shaped body that is shifted to the side of
It is set to a density and weight that allows the longitudinal shape body to settle in the fluid against the buoyancy imparted from the fluid to the longitudinal shape body, and is connected to the other longitudinal end of the longitudinal shape body via a rope. look including a weight to be,
The first portion is a regular quadrangular prism portion formed in the shape of a regular quadrangular prism,
The second part is a columnar part formed in a columnar shape,
The underwater is characterized in that the regular quadrangular column portion is arranged adjacent to the columnar portion on one side in the longitudinal direction of the columnar portion, the axis line of which coincides with a straight line including the axis line of the columnar portion. Installation structure.

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