CN111264450A - Fish exploration and vertical supersaturation avoidance TDG behavior research method and device under flowing water condition - Google Patents
Fish exploration and vertical supersaturation avoidance TDG behavior research method and device under flowing water condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN111264450A CN111264450A CN202010236778.8A CN202010236778A CN111264450A CN 111264450 A CN111264450 A CN 111264450A CN 202010236778 A CN202010236778 A CN 202010236778A CN 111264450 A CN111264450 A CN 111264450A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/006—Accessories for aquaria or terraria
Abstract
The invention discloses a research method and a device for fish detection and vertical supersaturated TDG avoidance behavior under a flowing water condition. The invention also provides a fish detection and vertical oversaturation-avoiding TDG behavior research method under the condition of flowing water. The method can deeply research and understand the vertical avoidance rule of the fish on the supersaturated TDG, can provide scientific guidance for relieving the adverse effect of the supersaturated TDG on the fish in the downstream river channel for a long time caused by the flood discharge of the high dam, and is favorable for better protecting the river ecology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of dissolved gas supersaturation in hydraulic engineering, and relates to a fish exploration and supersaturated TDG vertical avoidance behavior research method and device under a flowing water condition.
Background
In recent years, with the construction of a plurality of high dams, air is brought into a downstream water body by the strong air entrainment effect of high-speed water flow due to the large lower discharge flow and the high lower discharge head during flood discharge of the high dams, and Total Dissolved Gas (TDG) in the downstream water body generates supersaturation under the action of hydrostatic pressure. Research on the influence of supersaturated TDG on fish shows that in an environment with low TDG supersaturation, the problems of increased fry lesion rate, retarded development of physical function, inhibited growth, weakened swimming capability, reduced hatchability of fish eggs and the like can occur, along with the increase of TDG saturation and the increase of exposure time, the influenced damage degree of the fish is increased, the fish can suffer from gas pocket diseases, the survival of the fish is threatened, and even death can occur.
At present, researchers develop research on the influence of supersaturated TDG on specific fishes in the upper reaches of the Yangtze river represented by myxocyprinus asiaticus, Procyprinus koenigii, Schizothorax parviflora and the like, and summarize the response rule of the fishes in the upper reaches of the Yangtze river under the stress of the supersaturated TDG. Research shows that the fish has certain capacity of detecting and vertically avoiding the supersaturated TDG, and if the capacity can be reasonably and effectively utilized, the adverse effect of the supersaturated TDG on the fish can be slowed down to a certain degree.
According to the research of the university of Sichuan, the solubility of the fresh water to gas is increased by 9.6 percent when the depth of the fresh water is increased by 1 m. Namely, under the condition that the total dissolved air pressure is constant, the TDG saturation is reduced by 9.6 percent relative to the solubility of the water body to gas at the position for every 1m of water depth increase. When the high dam is used for flood discharge, the TDG saturation of the section of the downstream river channel is reduced along with the increase of the depth. Therefore, for any level of supersaturated TDG, there is a corresponding depth of water at which fish can experience a degree of supersaturation of 0%, and the effect of the supersaturation of TDG can be avoided, and this depth of water is the fish compensation depth. For the water body with the supersaturated TDG, if the water depth is larger than the requirement of the fish compensation depth and the fish can submerge into the water area below the compensation depth for living, the influence of the supersaturated TDG can be avoided.
During high dam flood discharge, the low reaches river course velocity of flow increases, and the flow increases, and low reaches fish swimming intensity increases, and internal oxygen consumption increases, because dissolved oxygen concentration is bigger in the supersaturation TDG water, the low concentration supersaturation TDG water in more trend of low concentration is avoided to the low-order fish. Meanwhile, downstream fish are affected by river flow rate in addition to the supersaturated TDG. However, at present, no research on the vertical avoidance law of supersaturated TDG of different types of fish at different flow rates exists, and no relevant research device is reported. Therefore, if relevant experimental methods and relevant experimental devices can be developed to research the behaviors of fish detection and vertical supersaturated TDG avoidance under the condition of flowing water, beneficial guidance effects can be provided for relieving the adverse effects of supersaturated TDG on the fish caused by flood discharge of a high dam.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of related research devices and methods for vertical oversaturation TDG avoidance rules of fishes at a certain flow velocity in the prior art, the invention provides a research device for behavior of fishes exploring and vertically avoiding oversaturation TDG under a flowing water condition.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a research device for fish detection and vertical oversaturation avoidance TDG behavior under the condition of running water comprises a cylindrical cavity, a stirring paddle, a motor for driving the stirring paddle to rotate and a fish swimming chamber,
one end of the cylindrical cavity is open, the other end of the cylindrical cavity is closed, the closed end of the cylindrical cavity is provided with a water flow mixing chamber, the water inlet end of the water flow mixing chamber is provided with two water inlets, the two water inlets are respectively used for connecting pipelines for introducing supersaturated TDG water and clear water with TDG saturation of 100%, the water outlet end of the water flow mixing chamber is provided with a pore plate, and the pore plate is used for communicating the water flow mixing chamber with the cylindrical cavity;
the fish swimming chamber is a part of a circular ring column enclosed by a cylindrical cavity, the guide wall is a part of a cylinder body coaxial with the side wall of the cylindrical cavity, the lower end of the guide wall is fixed at the closed end of the cylindrical cavity, the rectifying net is positioned at the water inlet end of the fish swimming chamber, and the blocking net is positioned at the water outlet end of the fish swimming chamber; the stirring paddle consists of a paddle shaft and paddles arranged along the length direction of the paddle shaft;
cylindric appearance chamber perpendicular to horizontal plane setting and open end upwards, the stirring rake is installed in cylindric appearance intracavity, and the oar axle of stirring rake is located cylindric appearance chamber's axis, and the lower extreme of the oar axle of stirring rake passes the terminal surface of cylindric closed end that holds the chamber and is connected with the motor that receives frequency conversion controller control, rotates through motor drive stirring rake and drives cylindric water that holds the intracavity and be rotary motion, and the speed that rotary motion was done to water in the adjustable cylindric appearance chamber of rotational speed through control stirring rake.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme who moves fish under the water condition and vertically avoid supersaturation TDG action research device, for collecting the water that cylindrical appearance chamber vortex motion spilled over, the device still includes the overflow case, and the overflow case sets up at the top that cylindrical appearance chamber for collect the water that spills over from cylindrical appearance chamber open end, is equipped with the overflow mouth on the overflow case. The overflow outlet is preferably arranged at the bottom of the overflow tank, and the overflowed water body flows out through the overflow outlet at the bottom of the overflow tank.
According to the technical scheme of the research device for fish exploration and vertical oversaturation avoidance TDG behavior under the flowing water condition, on the basis of the arrangement of the stirring paddles, the guide wall of the fish swimming chamber is matched with the rectifying net, so that the whole water flow section of the whole fish swimming chamber can uniformly flow in, and the basic consistency of the water flow velocity of the whole fish swimming chamber is favorably ensured. In order to further stabilize the water flow state, the preferable setting mode of the guide wall is as follows: the end face of the water inlet end of the guide wall positioned in the fish swimming chamber exceeds the joint of the rectifying net and the guide wall, and the end face of the water outlet end of the guide wall positioned in the fish swimming chamber exceeds the joint of the blocking net and the guide wall.
In the technical scheme of the device for researching the fish exploration and vertical oversaturation avoidance TDG behavior under the flowing water condition, the rectifying net and the guide wall are used together for stabilizing the flow state of water flow, so that the full section of the water flow uniformly flows into the fish swimming chamber, and the mesh structure of the rectifying net is preferably a honeycomb-shaped mesh structure. The blocking net of the fish swimming room is used for limiting the moving range of fish, the blocking net can be made of stainless steel or other materials commonly used in the field, and the mesh size of the blocking net is determined according to the size of the experimental fish. The cover plate can be used for preventing experimental fishes from jumping out of the fish swimming room due to frightening in the experimental process.
In the technical scheme of the fish exploration and vertical supersaturation TDG (time domain gradient) behavior avoidance research device under the condition of running water, the fish swimming chamber is an 1/4-1/3 circular column, the width of the fish swimming chamber can be determined according to factors such as the size of an experimental fish, but is limited by the size of a cylinder, and the ratio of the width of the fish swimming chamber to the diameter of the cylindrical containing cavity is not more than 0.15:1, preferably (0.1-0.15): 1. For example, the diameter of the cylindrical cavity is 1m, when the length of the body of the experimental fish is less than 10cm, the width of the feasible fish swimming chamber can be 10-15 cm, and the width of the fish swimming chamber refers to the distance between the guide wall of the fish swimming chamber and the inner side wall of the cylindrical cavity in the radial direction of the cylindrical cavity.
According to the device for researching fish exploration and vertical oversaturation-avoiding TDG behaviors under the flowing water condition, the length of the paddle of the stirring paddle is preferably equal to the height of the cylindrical cavity.
Above-mentioned fish are visited and are avoided oversaturation TDG action research device vertically under flowing water condition, and cylindric high preferred 3 ~ 5m that holds the chamber, under the general condition, when cylindric highly about 3m that holds the chamber, can satisfy the simulation to common hydro-junction, when cylindric highly about 4m that holds the chamber, can satisfy the simulation to big-and-middle-sized hydro-junction. The diameter of the cylindrical cavity is at least 1m, the diameter of 1m can meet the requirement of experimental fish with the body length less than 10cm, the larger diameter is suitable for the experimental fish with the larger body size, but the diameter of the cylindrical cavity is limited by manufacturing materials and cost. Further, the ratio of the height to the diameter of the cylindrical cavity is not more than 3:1, and preferably 3 (1-2).
In the technical scheme of the fish exploration and vertical oversaturation-avoiding TDG behavior research device under the flowing water condition, the closed end of the cylindrical containing cavity is provided with the emptying pipe with the control valve, so that the water body in the cylindrical containing cavity after the emptying test is facilitated. Control valves are arranged on the pipeline for introducing supersaturated TDG water and the pipeline for introducing clear water with TDG saturation of 100%. The water body of required TDG saturation can be obtained by adjusting the opening of the control valve, and the water body is mixed in a water flow mixing chamber at the bottom of the cylindrical containing cavity and enters the cylindrical containing cavity through a hole plate for stabilizing the flow state.
In the technical scheme of the research device for fish detection and vertical avoidance of supersaturated TDG behavior under the flowing water condition, in order to observe the activity condition of the experimental fish in the fish swimming chamber, the cylindrical cavity is made of transparent materials, such as inorganic glass or organic glass, and is preferably made of organic glass. The guide wall, the cover plate, the water flow mixing chamber and the overflow box are also made of transparent materials.
Based on the device for researching the fish exploring and vertical oversaturation avoiding TDG behaviors under the flowing water condition, the invention also provides a method for researching the fish exploring and vertical oversaturation avoiding TDG behaviors under the flowing water condition, the method adopts the device, comprises the steps of adjusting one or more of the factors of the flow velocity of water, the TDG saturation and the variety of experimental fish to form different experimental conditions, putting the experimental fish into the different experimental conditions, recording the water depth of the position of each experimental fish, the survival rate of the experimental fish and the swimming behavior of the experimental fish under each experimental condition at different time test points,
counting the percentage of the number of the experimental fishes of which the test points are located in different water depth intervals at different time in the total number of the surviving experimental fishes under each experimental condition to obtain the variation relation of the vertical distribution condition of the experimental fishes in the water body along with the exposure time under different experimental conditions;
or, the average value of the water depths of the positions of the experimental fishes surviving under different test points at different time under different experimental conditions is counted to obtain the variation relation of the average value of the water depths of the positions of the experimental fishes surviving under different experimental conditions along with the exposure time.
In the research method for fish exploration and vertical oversaturation TDG avoidance behavior, the flow velocity of water in the fish swimming chamber can be adjusted by adjusting the rotating speed of the stirring paddle, and the TDG saturation of the water in the cylindrical cavity can be flexibly adjusted by controlling the opening degree of the control valve on the pipeline for introducing the oversaturated TDG water and the pipeline for introducing clear water with the TDG saturation of 100%.
More specifically, the method for researching fish detection and vertical oversaturation-avoiding TDG behavior can be operated as follows:
①, continuously introducing a water body with the TDG saturation of 100% into the cylindrical cavity, after the cylindrical cavity is filled with the water body with the TDG saturation of 100%, putting a plurality of domesticated experimental fishes into the fish swimming chamber, wherein the total cross section area of the experimental fishes is less than 10% of the cross section area of water, starting a motor to drive a stirring paddle to rotate at a constant speed to drive the cylindrical cavity to rotate at the average flow speed of the water body at a research river reach according to the downstream of a target hydropower station, and recording the water depth of the position of each experimental fish and the survival rate of the experimental fish every t min to obtain the TDG saturation, the water depth of the position of the experimental fish, the exposure time and the survival rate of the experimental fish;
②, continuously introducing a water body with TDG saturation of x%, wherein x is more than 100, after the cylindrical cavity is filled with the water body with TDG saturation of x%, putting a plurality of domesticated experimental fishes into the fish swimming chamber, starting a motor to drive a stirring paddle to rotate at a constant speed to drive the cylindrical cavity to rotate at the average flow speed of the water body according to the downstream research river reach of the target hydropower station, and recording the water depth of the position of each experimental fish and the survival rate of the experimental fish every t min to obtain TDG saturation, water depth of the position of the experimental fish, exposure time and survival rate data of the experimental fish;
③ adjusting the value of x, replacing new domesticated experimental fish, repeating the operation of step ② to obtain a series of TDG saturation, water depth of the position of the experimental fish, exposure time and survival rate data of the experimental fish;
controlling the quantity of domesticated experimental fishes to be equal in ① - ③, and controlling the TDG saturation of the water body in the cylindrical cavity to be constant all the time in ① - ③;
④, respectively calculating the percentage of the number of the experimental fishes located in different water depth intervals at different recording times in the steps ① - ③ to the total number of the surviving experimental fishes, obtaining the change relation of the vertical distribution condition of the experimental fishes in the water body along with the exposure time under different TDG saturation conditions, and further obtaining the experimental fish detection and vertical supersaturated avoidance TDG threshold value.
Or, respectively counting the average value of the water depths of the positions of the surviving experimental fishes at the recording times in the steps ① - ③ to obtain the change relation of the average value of the water depths of the positions of the surviving experimental fishes along with the exposure time under different TDG saturation conditions, and further researching the behavior change of the fishes under the dam during long-time flood discharge.
Of course, in the experiment process, the experiment conditions such as the flow velocity of the water flow and the specification of the experimental fish can be adjusted. Under the normal condition, the research device provided by the invention can be used for simulating the vertical avoidance behavior and rule of fishes at the downstream of the real hydropower station on the supersaturated TDG, and if the stirring paddle does not rotate, the tolerance threshold value of the experimental fishes to the supersaturated TDG can be researched theoretically. The device provided by the invention can also be used for researching the low TDG saturation and the positive effect on a certain special type of experimental fish.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the invention provides a fish detection and vertical oversaturation avoidance TDG behavior research device under the condition of flowing water, which is based on a cylindrical cavity with a larger height-diameter ratio, and a region with the height equal to the cylindrical cavity is isolated in the cylindrical cavity to be used as a fish swimming chamber to provide a space for fish to vertically avoid the oversaturation TDG, and meanwhile, the device is provided with a stirring paddle, the water body in the cylindrical cavity is driven by the stirring paddle to rotate to simulate the flowing water flow environment, different flow rates can be provided by controlling the rotating speed of the stirring paddle, the device is also provided with a water flow mixing chamber, water bodies with different oversaturation TDG levels can be obtained by the water flow mixing chamber, based on the structural characteristics, the device provided by the invention can effectively simulate the TDG oversaturation generated in a natural river channel at the downstream of a dam when a hydropower station discharges flood, the invention solves the defect that the research device of vertical oversaturation avoidance law of different types of fish under different flow rates in the prior art is, based on the research device, the vertical avoidance condition of different types of fish to high-concentration over-saturated TDG can be researched, the tendency of different types of fish to low-concentration over-saturated TDG in the vertical direction, the selection of the standard threshold value of the different types of fish to the vertical avoidance of the TDG saturation, the relation of the vertical avoidance rate of different types of fish to the over-saturated TDG along with the exposure time and other problems can be researched, so that the research on the influence of high dam flood discharge on downstream fish is guided, and the river ecology is protected more scientifically.
2. The research device provided by the invention is provided with the stirring paddle which is coaxial with the cylindrical cavity, the length of the paddle of the stirring paddle is equal to the height of the cylindrical cavity, the motor controlled by the variable frequency controller is matched with the stirring paddle, and the function of the flow guide wall and the rectifying net of the fish swimming chamber are matched, so that the water flow in the whole fish swimming chamber can be ensured to uniformly flow in the whole cross section, the water flow rate of the whole fish swimming chamber is ensured to be basically consistent, and a favorable foundation is provided for accurately researching the influence of the water flow rate and the supersaturated TDG on the vertical avoidance behavior of the fish.
3. In the research device provided by the invention, the TDG saturation level of the water body in the cylindrical cavity can be flexibly adjusted by controlling the control valve on the pipeline for connecting the pipeline for introducing the supersaturated TDG water body and the pipeline for introducing the clear water with the TDG saturation of 100%, and the speed of the water body in the cylindrical cavity doing rotary motion can be adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the stirring paddle.
4. The invention also provides a fish detection and vertical oversaturation-avoiding TDG behavior research method, the method adopts the research device provided by the invention, different experimental conditions are formed by adjusting one or more of the factors of water flow velocity, TDG saturation and the species of the experimental fish, the experimental fish is put into different experimental conditions, the water depth of the position of each experimental fish under each experimental condition, the survival rate of the experimental fish and the swimming behavior of the experimental fish are recorded at different time test points, the vertical avoidance behavior and law of the fish on the supersaturated TDG, such as the change relation of the vertical distribution condition of the experimental fish in the water body along with the exposure time, the change relation of the average value of the water depth of the position where the surviving experimental fish is located along with the exposure time and the like, can be obtained under different experimental conditions, and theoretical basis and scientific guidance are provided for relieving the adverse effect of the long-time supersaturated TDG of the downstream river channel on the fish under the dam caused by the flood discharge of the high dam.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fish exploring and vertical oversaturation-avoiding TDG behavior researching device of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the fish detection and vertical oversaturation-avoiding TDG behavior study device of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-cylindrical cavity, 2-1-propeller shaft, 2-paddle, 3-motor, 4-fish swimming chamber, 5-water flow mixing chamber, 6-orifice plate, 7-guide wall, 8-rectifier net, 9-barrier net, 10-cover plate, 11-controller, 12-overflow box, 12-1-overflow outlet, 13-evacuation pipe, and the curved arrow in the figure indicates the rotation direction of the stirring paddle.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the following embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments of the present invention. Other embodiments, which can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the summary and embodiments of the invention without creative efforts, are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, the device for researching fish exploration and vertical oversaturation-avoiding TDG behavior under flowing water conditions provided by this embodiment includes a cylindrical cavity 1, a stirring paddle, a motor 3 for driving the stirring paddle to rotate, a fish swimming chamber 4, and an overflow box 12.
The cylindrical cavity 1 is made of organic glass, is 3.0m high, 1.0m in diameter and 0.5cm thick, and is open at one end and closed at the other end, and the closed end is provided with a water flow mixing chamber 5. The closed end of the cylindrical chamber 1 is also provided with an emptying pipe 13 with a control valve. The end of intaking of rivers mixing chamber 5 is equipped with two water inlets, and two water inlets are used for connecting the pipeline that is used for letting in supersaturated TDG water and TDG saturation is 100% clear water respectively, all are equipped with the control valve on the pipeline, and the TDG saturation level of cylindric water that holds in the chamber 1 can be adjusted in a flexible way to aperture through the control valve. The water outlet end of the water flow mixing chamber 5 is provided with a pore plate 6 for stabilizing the flow state of water flow, and the pore plate 6 communicates the water flow mixing chamber 5 with the cylindrical cavity 1.
The fish swimming chamber 4 is a part of a circular column enclosed by the inner side wall of the cylindrical cavity 1, an arc-shaped guide wall 7, a rectifying net 8 and a blocking net 9 which are arranged between the guide wall 7 and the inner side wall of the cylindrical cavity 1, and a cover plate 10. The guide wall 7 is a part of a cylinder body coaxial with the side wall of the cylindrical cavity 1, and the lower end of the guide wall 7 is fixed at the closed end of the cylindrical cavity 1. The guide wall 7 is positioned at the joint of the water inlet end of the fish swimming chamber, which exceeds the rectifying net 8 and the guide wall 7, and the guide wall 7 is positioned at the joint of the water outlet end of the fish swimming chamber, which exceeds the blocking net 9 and the guide wall 7. The rectifying net 8 is positioned at the water inlet end of the fish swimming chamber 4, and the blocking net 9 is positioned at the water outlet end of the fish swimming chamber 4. The rectifying net and the flow guide wall are used for stabilizing the flow state of water flow and enabling the water flow to uniformly flow into the fish swimming chamber from the full section, and the mesh structure of the rectifying net is preferably a honeycomb-shaped mesh structure. The blocking net is used for limiting the moving range of the fishes, and the blocking net is made of stainless steel in the embodiment. The cover plate is mainly used for preventing experimental fishes from jumping out of the fish swimming room due to frightening in the experimental process. The fish swimming chamber 4 is an 1/4 circular ring column with a width of 15 cm.
The stirring paddle consists of a paddle shaft 2-1 and blades 2-2 arranged along the length direction of the paddle shaft, and the length of the blades 2-2 is equal to the height of the cylindrical cavity 1.
The overflow box 12 is arranged 20cm away from the top of the cylindrical cavity 1 and is used for collecting water overflowing from the open end of the cylindrical cavity 1, and an overflow outlet 12-1 for discharging the overflowing water is arranged at the bottom of the overflow box 12. It should be noted that the distance between the overflow tank and the top of the cylindrical cavity 1 is not particularly limited, and the shape thereof is not particularly limited, as long as the purpose of collecting the overflowing water is achieved.
The cylindrical chamber 1 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane and has an upward opening end, and the stirring paddle is installed in the cylindrical chamber 1. The paddle shaft 2-1 of the stirring paddle is located on the axis of the cylindrical containing cavity 1, the lower end of the paddle shaft of the stirring paddle penetrates through the end face of the closed end of the cylindrical containing cavity 1 to be connected with the motor 3 controlled by the variable frequency controller 11, the stirring paddle is driven by the motor to rotate to drive the water body in the cylindrical containing cavity 1 to rotate, and the rotating speed of the water body in the cylindrical containing cavity 1 can be adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the stirring paddle.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1-2, the fish detection and vertical oversaturation-avoiding TDG behavior research apparatus provided in this embodiment includes a cylindrical chamber 1, a paddle, a motor 3 for driving the paddle to rotate, a fish swimming chamber 4, and an overflow box 12.
The cylindrical cavity 1 is made of organic glass, and is 4.0m high, 1.5m in diameter and 0.5cm thick. One end of the cylindrical cavity 1 is open, the other end is closed, and the closed end is provided with a water flow mixing chamber 5. The closed end of the cylindrical chamber 1 is also provided with an emptying pipe 13 with a control valve. The end of intaking of rivers mixing chamber 5 is equipped with two water inlets, and two water inlets are used for connecting the pipeline that is used for letting in supersaturated TDG water and TDG saturation is 100% clear water respectively, all are equipped with the control valve on the pipeline, and the TDG saturation level of cylindric water that holds in the chamber 1 can be adjusted in a flexible way to aperture through the control valve. The water outlet end of the water flow mixing chamber 5 is provided with a pore plate 6 for stabilizing the flow state of water flow, and the pore plate 6 communicates the water flow mixing chamber 5 with the cylindrical cavity 1.
The fish swimming chamber 4 is a part of a circular column enclosed by the inner side wall of the cylindrical cavity 1, an arc-shaped guide wall 7, a rectifying net 8 and a blocking net 9 which are arranged between the guide wall 7 and the inner side wall of the cylindrical cavity 1, and a cover plate 10. The guide wall 7 is a part of a cylinder body coaxial with the side wall of the cylindrical cavity 1, and the lower end of the guide wall 7 is fixed at the closed end of the cylindrical cavity 1. The guide wall 7 is positioned at the joint of the water inlet end of the fish swimming chamber, which exceeds the rectifying net 8 and the guide wall 7, and the guide wall 7 is positioned at the joint of the water outlet end of the fish swimming chamber, which exceeds the blocking net 9 and the guide wall 7. The rectifying net 8 is positioned at the water inlet end of the fish swimming chamber 4, and the blocking net 9 is positioned at the water outlet end of the fish swimming chamber 4. The rectifying net and the flow guide wall are used for stabilizing the flow state of water flow and enabling the water flow to uniformly flow into the fish swimming chamber from the full section, and the mesh structure of the rectifying net is preferably a honeycomb-shaped mesh structure. The blocking net is used for limiting the moving range of the fishes, and the blocking net is made of stainless steel in the embodiment. The cover plate is mainly used for preventing experimental fishes from jumping out of the fish swimming room due to frightening in the experimental process. The fish swimming chamber 4 is an 1/3 circular ring column with a width of 20 cm.
The stirring paddle consists of a paddle shaft 2-1 and blades 2-2 arranged along the length direction of the paddle shaft, and the length of the blades 2-2 is equal to the height of the cylindrical cavity 1.
The overflow box 12 is arranged at a position 20cm away from the top opening of the cylindrical cavity 1 and is used for collecting water overflowing from the opening end of the cylindrical cavity 1, and an overflow outlet 12-1 for discharging overflowing water is arranged at the bottom of the overflow box 12.
The cylindrical chamber 1 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane and has an upward opening end, and the stirring paddle is installed in the cylindrical chamber 1. The paddle shaft 2-1 of the stirring paddle is located on the axis of the cylindrical containing cavity 1, the lower end of the paddle shaft of the stirring paddle penetrates through the end face of the closed end of the cylindrical containing cavity 1 to be connected with the motor 3 controlled by the variable frequency controller 11, the stirring paddle is driven by the motor to rotate to drive the water body in the cylindrical containing cavity 1 to rotate, and the rotating speed of the water body in the cylindrical containing cavity 1 can be adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the stirring paddle.
Example 3
In this embodiment, a method for studying fish exploration and vertical oversaturation avoidance TDG behavior is described based on the study apparatus provided in embodiment 1, and the method includes adjusting one or more of water flow rate, TDG saturation, and species of experimental fish to form different experimental conditions, placing the experimental fish under different experimental conditions, recording water depth at the position of each experimental fish, survival rate of the experimental fish, and swimming behavior of the experimental fish under each experimental condition at different time test points,
counting the percentage of the number of the experimental fishes of which the test points are located in different water depth intervals at different time in the total number of the surviving experimental fishes under each experimental condition to obtain the variation relation of the vertical distribution condition of the experimental fishes in the water body along with the exposure time under different experimental conditions;
or, the average value of the water depths of the positions of the experimental fishes surviving under different test points at different time under different experimental conditions is counted to obtain the variation relation of the average value of the water depths of the positions of the experimental fishes surviving under different experimental conditions along with the exposure time.
More specific examples are provided below based on the research setup provided in example 1:
the experiment is that one-year schizothorax prenanti (the body length is about 6-7 cm, the body weight is about 3-4 g) is taken as an experimental fish, the experimental fish is domesticated for 7 days before the experiment, domesticated water is tap water aerated for 4 days, and feeding is forbidden 1 day before the experiment. Three supersaturation working conditions of 140%, 135% and 130% TDG saturation are set as experimental working conditions, and the working condition of 100% TDG saturation is used as a contrast working condition. Every experiment operating mode and contrast operating mode set up 3 parallel appearance, and every parallel appearance uses the experiment fish 20 tails, all controls the temperature of experiment operating mode and contrast operating mode at 18 ~ 20 ℃.
Before every parallel experiment begins, the pipeline of being connected through the water inlet with research device's rivers mixing chamber lets in the supersaturation TDG water and the clear water that the TDG saturation is 100% in to rivers mixing chamber, the TDG saturation of the water that forms after making the two mix through the flow ratio of adjustment supersaturation TDG water and clear water reaches experimental condition, to the contrast operating mode, only need let in the clear water that the TDG saturation is 100%, wherein, the supersaturation TDG water is generated by the total dissolved gas supersaturation generating system of water. Continuously let in supersaturated TDG water and clear water (only need continuously let in the clear water to the contrast operating mode) so that cylindric hold the TDG supersaturation of the water of intracavity and maintain all the time at experiment operating mode and contrast operating mode, the water will be cylindric to hold the chamber and can get into the overflow case after being full of to flow out in the overflow mouth from the overflow case, collect the water that flows from the overflow mouth, circulated use after adjustment TDG supersaturation. Meanwhile, the motor drives the stirring paddle to rotate to drive the water body in the cylindrical containing cavity to rotate, and the motor driven stirring paddle controlled by the variable frequency controller drives the water body in the cylindrical containing cavity to rotate at a speed of reaching the average flow rate of a hydropower station downstream research river reach.
The experimental fish is put into the fish swimming chamber from the top of the fish swimming chamber, a cover plate of the fish swimming chamber is covered, the water depth of the position of each experimental fish in the fish swimming chamber is observed and recorded every 0.5 hour, and the survival rate of the experimental fish is recorded at the same time. For the first age of schizothorax prenanti used in this example, the total experimental time per working condition was 3 hours.
According to the recorded water depth of the experimental fish in the fish swimming chamber every 0.5 hour, counting the percentage of the number of the experimental fish in the intervals of the water depth of 0-0.5 m, 0.5 m-1 m, 1-1.5 m, 1.5-2 m, 2-2.5 m and 2.5-3 m to the total number of the surviving experimental fish, and obtaining the change relation of the vertical distribution condition of the experimental fish in the water body along with the exposure time under the conditions of different TDG saturation.
And calculating the average value of the water depths of the positions of the experimental fishes surviving at each recording moment according to the water depths of the positions of the experimental fishes in the fish swimming chamber recorded every 0.5 hour to obtain the change relation of the average value of the water depths of the positions of the surviving experimental fishes along with the exposure time under the condition of different TDG saturation.
The change relation of the survival rate of the experimental fish in the different water depth intervals of the experimental working condition and the control working condition along with the exposure time, the vertical distribution condition of the experimental fish in the water body and the difference of the change relation of the average value of the water depth of the position where the surviving experimental fish is located along with the exposure time can be compared, and further research and discussion are carried out.
Claims (10)
1. A research device for fish detection and vertical avoidance of supersaturated TDG behavior under the condition of running water is characterized by comprising a cylindrical containing cavity (1), a stirring paddle, a motor (3) for driving the stirring paddle to rotate, and a fish swimming chamber (4),
one end of the cylindrical cavity (1) is open, the other end of the cylindrical cavity is closed, a water flow mixing chamber (5) is arranged at the closed end of the cylindrical cavity (1), two water inlets are arranged at the water inlet end of the water flow mixing chamber (5), the two water inlets are respectively used for connecting pipelines for introducing supersaturated TDG water and clear water with TDG saturation of 100%, a pore plate (6) is arranged at the water outlet end of the water flow mixing chamber (5), and the pore plate (6) is used for communicating the water flow mixing chamber (5) with the cylindrical cavity (1);
the fish swimming chamber (4) is a part of a circular column enclosed by a cylindrical cavity (1), an arc-shaped guide wall (7), a rectifying net (8) and a blocking net (9) which are arranged between the guide wall (7) and the inner side wall of the cylindrical cavity (1), and a cover plate (10), wherein the guide wall (7) is a part of a cylinder body coaxial with the side wall of the cylindrical cavity (1), the lower end of the guide wall (7) is fixed at the closed end of the cylindrical cavity (1), the rectifying net (8) is positioned at the water inlet end of the fish swimming chamber (4), and the blocking net (9) is positioned at the water outlet end of the fish swimming chamber (4); the stirring paddle consists of a paddle shaft (2-1) and paddles (2-2) arranged along the length direction of the paddle shaft;
the cylindrical containing cavity (1) is perpendicular to the horizontal plane and is provided with an upward opening end, the stirring paddle is installed in the cylindrical containing cavity (1), a paddle shaft (2-1) of the stirring paddle is located on the axis of the cylindrical containing cavity (1), the lower end of the paddle shaft of the stirring paddle penetrates through the end face of the closed end of the cylindrical containing cavity (1) and is connected with a motor (3) controlled by a variable frequency controller (11), the stirring paddle is driven by the motor to rotate to drive a water body in the cylindrical containing cavity (1) to rotate, and the speed of the water body in the cylindrical containing cavity (1) to rotate can be adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the stirring paddle.
2. The fish detection and vertical oversaturation-avoiding TDG behavior research device under the flowing water condition as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the device further comprises an overflow tank (12), the overflow tank is arranged at the top of the cylindrical cavity (1) and is used for collecting water overflowing from the open end of the cylindrical cavity (1), and an overflow outlet (12-1) is arranged on the overflow tank (12).
3. The fish detection and vertical oversaturation-avoiding TDG behavior research device under running water conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the guide wall (7) is located at the position where the end surface of the water inlet end of the fish swimming chamber exceeds the connection part of the rectifier net (8) and the guide wall (7), and the guide wall (7) is located at the position where the end surface of the water outlet end of the fish swimming chamber exceeds the connection part of the barrier net (9) and the guide wall (7).
4. The fish detection and vertical supersaturation-avoidance TDG behavior study device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein said fish swimming chamber (4) is from 1/4 circular column to 1/3 circular column.
5. The fish detection and vertical oversaturation-avoiding TDG behavior research device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ratio of the width of the fish swimming chamber (4) to the diameter of the cylindrical cavity is (0.1-0.15): 1.
6. The fish detection and vertical supersaturation-avoiding TDG behavior study device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the length of the paddle (2-2) of the paddle is equal to the height of the cylindrical cavity (1).
7. Device for fish detection and vertical oversaturation-avoiding TDG behaviour in flowing water conditions according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the ratio of the height to the diameter of the cylindrical volume (1) does not exceed 3: 1.
8. The fish detection and vertical oversaturation TDG behavior research device under running water conditions according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the closed end of the cylindrical chamber (1) is provided with an emptying pipe (13) with a control valve, and the control valve is arranged on a pipeline for connecting a pipeline for introducing supersaturated TDG water and a pipeline for introducing clear water with TDG saturation of 100%.
9. The fish detection and vertical oversaturation-avoiding TDG behavior research device under the condition of running water according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cylindrical cavity (1) is made of transparent material.
10. A method for researching fish exploration and vertical supersaturation avoidance TDG behaviors under flowing water conditions is characterized in that the method adopts a research device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprises the steps of adjusting one or more of the factors of water flow velocity, TDG saturation and species of experimental fish to form different experimental conditions, placing the experimental fish under different experimental conditions, recording the water depth of the position of each experimental fish, the survival rate of the experimental fish and the swimming behavior of the experimental fish under each experimental condition at different time test points,
counting the percentage of the number of the experimental fishes of which the test points are located in different water depth intervals at different time in the total number of the surviving experimental fishes under each experimental condition to obtain the variation relation of the vertical distribution condition of the experimental fishes in the water body along with the exposure time under different experimental conditions;
or, counting the average value of the water depths of the positions of the surviving experimental fishes at different time test points under each experimental condition to obtain the variation relation of the average value of the water depths of the positions of the surviving experimental fishes along with the exposure time under different experimental conditions.
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| CN202010236778.8A CN111264450A (en) | 2020-03-30 | 2020-03-30 | Fish exploration and vertical supersaturation avoidance TDG behavior research method and device under flowing water condition |
| CN202120235847.3U CN214431144U (en) | 2020-03-30 | 2021-01-28 | Fish exploration and vertical supersaturation-avoiding TDG behavior research device under flowing water condition |
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| CN202010236778.8A CN111264450A (en) | 2020-03-30 | 2020-03-30 | Fish exploration and vertical supersaturation avoidance TDG behavior research method and device under flowing water condition |
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| CN112523158A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-03-19 | 中国三峡建设管理有限公司 | Method and device for promoting fishes to avoid supersaturated stress of dissolved gas based on intersection of dry and branch streams |
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| CN214431144U (en) | 2021-10-22 |
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