CN103202254A - Fish swimming capability measuring method and submerged open-type testing device - Google Patents
Fish swimming capability measuring method and submerged open-type testing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103202254A CN103202254A CN2013101313282A CN201310131328A CN103202254A CN 103202254 A CN103202254 A CN 103202254A CN 2013101313282 A CN2013101313282 A CN 2013101313282A CN 201310131328 A CN201310131328 A CN 201310131328A CN 103202254 A CN103202254 A CN 103202254A
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Abstract
The invention provides a fish swimming capability measuring method and a submerged open-type measuring device. The method includes 1, making preparation before experiments; 2, testing and correcting systems; 3, testing swimming capabilities of fishes; 4, collecting experiment data; and 5, maintaining and cleaning the systems. A water outlet tube with a water level adjusting device is mounted at the bottom of a water tank of the submerged open-type testing device. A support, an experiment table base, a stabilizing cove and a testing tube are mounted in the water tank. A water current creating system formed by a motor, a water inlet hole and a vane wheel is arranged at one end of the testing tube. The water current creating system and a test area with an inspection window are respectively connected with two ends of a rectifying device. The test area with the inspection window is connected with a flow rate test area. A current meter is mounted in the flow rate test area connected with a water level control area. A water current flow rate monitor, a frequency conversion controller and a water quality monitor are mounted on a control panel. A water inlet tube is mounted at one end of the upper portion of the water tank.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the aquatic science field, specially refer to a kind of fish swimming ability assay method and the heavy open testing arrangement of water.
Background technology
Fish swimming ability refers to duration and the intensity of fish swimming.The index of weighing fish swimming ability mainly contains lasting swimming rate, critical swimming rate, outburst swimming rate etc.And the most frequently used be exactly to continue swimming rate and critical swimming rate.Existing fish swimming ability measuring principle generally is under the uniform flow field of confined space, supposes that the fish swimming rate equates with water velocity, changes according to the swimming state of fish under different in flow rate and differentiates.Be sealed test macro independently mostly.The construction of flow rate of water flow mainly adopts electromotor or hydrostatic pressing to realize (Cao Zhendong etc. 2005, and Tu Zhiying etc. 2011).Existing studies show that, the main extraneous factor that influences fish swimming ability mainly is water temperature and dissolved oxygen.Therefore, there is following drawback in existing independent sealed formula fish swimming aptitude tests system:
1, owing to will realize the circulation of sealed water, and will reach certain water velocity, these device volumes are less, and moisture storage capacity is limited, more are used for small fishes or the swimming ability in large-scale fish juvenile fish stage is measured.
2, because experimental provision is relatively independent sealing circuit, along with continuing of experimental period, the dissolved oxygen level in the water body can constantly reduce because the experiment fish consumes, and influences the result of fish swimming aptitude tests, the common practice is just to renew water through after a while, operates cumbersome.
3, because experimental provision is exposed in the air, and moisture storage capacity is limited, the water temperature in the experimental provision is everlasting and can be changed because of air themperature in the experimentation.The variation of water temperature can make test fish swimming capability result produce deviation, and the error that causes testing increases.
4, because experimental provision is sealing, the flow rate of water flow that wherein installs in the running and in the experimentation can not directly be tested, cause the non-actual measurement of flow rate of water flow value, just recommend the theoretical calculate result of its operating efficiency according to current, there is certain error, and along with current propeller operating efficiency attenuated error can obviously increase.
5, independent sealed internal system cleaning and maintenance are difficult to freely realize.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fish swimming ability assay method and the heavy open testing arrangement of water.Its purpose one is: the swimming ability that can realize extensive fish and large-scale fish is measured; Its purpose two is: can carry out effective monitoring to the test macro inner parameter; Its purpose three is: but convenient assembling and the maintenance of implement device.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of fish swimming ability assay method, it is characterized in that: described method follows these steps to carry out:
1, the preparation before the experiment: put up the open determinator of heavy water that fish swimming ability is measured, water will be filled with in the experimental trough, by the inflow of control water inlet and the drainage discharge of delivery port, make the water body in the experimental trough keep constant water body exchange rate;
2, system testing and correction: power to system, open flow velocity, water body dissolved oxygen and water temperature detection instrument, regulate frequency-variable controller and start diving current construction system generation current, the flow speed value of each frequency conversion frequency correspondence also tested in record, forms the system standard current and increase progressively table, after 2-3 correction, error is in 0.3-0.5%, less than 0.5 ℃, dissolved oxygen amount just begins the work of experimentizing greater than 6.0mg/L with water temperature luffing control;
3, swimming aptitude tests: before the experiment, to test the fish test section of packing into put in a suitable place to breed 1-2 hour, keep the system water flow velocity less than 0.01m/ second, make experiment fish acclimatization training 0.5-1 hour, begin to test fish when continuing the swimming time test, frequency-variable controller is adjusted under the frequency of required flow rate correspondence, the opening entry time, take place obviously to be finished by the labor behavior until the experiment fish, when beginning to test fish limit swimming aptitude tests, required flow velocity and the corresponding frequency setting of ascending series are input in the frequency-variable controller, frequency-variable controller can be regulated water flow velocity automatically in the test process, and increase progressively by desired flow rates, when taking place obviously by the labor behavior, the experiment fish finishes;
4, experimental data collection: the time and the fish behavior that only need record water flow velocity, flow velocity to build in the experimentation change the time that occurs, calculate fish swimming aptitude tests index according to formula, need in the test according to the dissolved oxygen of water quality monitor and the amplitude of variation of water temperature value, carry out water inlet flow size adjustment, it is constant to keep system environments;
Fish limit velocity measure equation is:
U
crit?=?U
1?+?(?T
1?/T
2)?×?U
2
In the formula: U
1Can swim the peak flow rate (PFR) in complete the time interval for testing fish, unit is cm/s;
U
2Be speed increment, unit is cm/s;
T
1Be the sustainable swimming time of experiment fish under peak flow rate (PFR), unit is minute;
T
2Be the time interval, unit is minute;
5, the maintenance of system and cleaning: experiment is dismantled experimental provision and corollary system, clean and is safeguarded after finishing, and stores classifiedly then.
A kind of mensuration fish swimming ability is sunk the open testing arrangement of water, comprise the test body, electromotor, the inlet opening, impeller, fairing, the test section of band observation window, screen cloth, the flow velocity test section, current meter, the water level control zone, support, stablize the depressed place, the experimental bench base, the water quality monitoring probe, the flow rate of water flow monitor, frequency-variable controller, water quality monitor, tank, outlet pipe and the water inlet pipe of band water level control apparatus, one end of this device bottom of gullet is equipped with the outlet pipe of band water level control apparatus, support is equipped with in bottom in the tank, the experimental bench base is housed on the support, stable depressed place is housed on the experimental bench base, stablize the test body is housed on the depressed place, one end of test body is by electromotor, inlet opening and impeller are formed the diving current and are built system, the two ends of fairing are built system and are with the test section of observation window to be connected with the diving current respectively, the other end of the test section of band observation window is connected with the flow velocity test section, flow velocity is equipped with current meter in the test section, the other end of flow velocity test section is connected with the water level control zone, the flow rate of water flow monitor is housed on the control panel, frequency-variable controller and water quality monitor, the flow rate of water flow monitor is connected with the water quality monitoring probe with current meter with lead respectively with water quality monitor, and tank top one end is equipped with water inlet pipe.
Described fairing is evenly clogged the stainless (steel) wire screen banks by the steel wire bellows interior of inner wall smooth.
The test section of described band observation window is placed with the intumescent screen cloth with transparent organic glass pipe and two ends and forms.
Good effect of the present invention is:
1, this device adopts heavy water design, utilize the characteristic assurance system that water body seals naturally UNICOM and circulation, utilize water body supply and circulation, keep the constant of experimental provision internal and external environment condition.
2, this test macro can be realized the actual measurement of current in the experimental provision, realizes actual measurement and the regulation and control of water temperature and dissolved oxygen, has significantly reduced the error of experiment.
3, the heavy water internal circulation system of this experimental system employing, the water body volume is big, and can realize large-scale flow velocity construction by variable frequency adjustment, and peak flow rate (PFR) can reach 2m/s, satisfies the test of most fish swimming abilities.
4, this experimental system and method can realize the swimming ability measurement of big specification and large-scale fish, can satisfy multiple different size fish body examination examination.
5, this experimental provision and accessory system dismounting are comparatively simple, for system cleaning and maintenance are provided convenience.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1, the heavy open testing arrangement structural representation of water.
Embodiment
Further specify the specific embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1.
Embodiment one
Be the test experiments fish with the acipenser dabryanus
1, device is installed and is laid: according to apparatus structure schematic diagram shown in Figure 1, support 13 in tank 21 bottoms is hinged with experimental bench bases 15 successively, stablize depressed place 14 and test body 1, the test body 1 an end by electromotor 2, the diving current battalion permeable system that inlet opening 3 and impeller 4 are formed, and be connected with the junction button of fairing 5 one ends, fairing 5 is evenly clogged the stainless steel mesh screen by the steel wire bellows interior of inner wall smooth and is formed, the test section 6 of band observation window is connected with the junction button of fairing 5 other ends, the test section 6 usefulness transparent organic glass pipes of band observation window and two ends are placed with intumescent screen cloth 7 and form, install point type current meter 10 in the middle of the flow velocity test section 9, with lead 12 the flow rate of water flow monitor 17 on the control panel 20 is connected with current meter 10, water quality monitor 19 is connected with water quality monitoring probe 16, in tank 21, fill with water by water inlet pipe 23, regulate the outlet pipe 22 of water inlet pipe 23 and band water level control apparatus, make the water exchange capacity in the tank 21 constant.
2, system testing and correction: start the power supply control button, adjust power frequency by frequency-variable controller 18, thereby regulate impeller 4 rotating speeds, build current.Read flow speed value by current meter 10, record the flow speed value of each frequency correspondence.Retest is proofreaied and correct system for 2 times, when the flow velocity error〉0.5% or＜0.3% the time, readjust flow rate of water flow.Carry out observational record by 16 pairs of water temperatures of water quality monitor 19 and water quality monitoring probe and dissolved oxygen, per 20 minutes records 1 time automatically.Control water inlet 23 flows, water quality supervision probing 16 and water quality monitor 19 control water temperature luffings are less than 0.5 ℃, and dissolved oxygen is greater than 6.0mg/L.
3, experiment fish adaptation training before the test: before the experiment, acipenser dabryanus is put into flow velocity test section 9, put in a suitable place to breed 1 hour, flow velocity in the test section 6 of accommodation zone observation window is to 0.005m ∕ second, the test section 6 of band observation window and the screen cloth 7 between the flow velocity test section 9 are opened, acipenser dabryanus is entered in the test section 6 of band observation window, install screen cloth 7 again, allow acipenser dabryanus adaptation training 0.5 hour.
4, swimming aptitude tests: when the test acipenser dabryanus continues the swimming ability, regulate the experiment water velocity that water flow to be needed by frequency-variable controller 18, the record experiment time started, by the swimming state that the observation window on the test section is observed acipenser dabryanus, before acipenser dabryanus fatigue can not overcome current direction, move about, and fish tail repeatedly touches screen cloth 7, the distortion of fish body, when no behavior changed in second, experiment was judged to be end, the record experiment concluding time at 20-60.The gram stream time by fish body under more different current, the different in flow rate obtains the lasting swimming of acipenser dabryanus capacity data.When test acipenser dabryanus limit swimming ability, initial flow rate, flow velocity increment, the flow velocity step of at first formulating in the test process increase the time; In each tachograph, find out frequency value corresponding then, utilize frequency-variable controller 18 setpoint frequencies, adjusting time.Experimentation record setting value, zero-time and the concluding time.According to formula
U
Crit=U
1+ (T
1/ T
2) * U
2Calculate the limit swimming ability that obtains acipenser dabryanus.
U in the formula
1Can swim the peak flow rate (PFR) (cm/s) in complete the time interval for the experiment fish; U
2Be speed increment (cm/s); T
1Be the sustainable swimming time (min) of test fish under peak flow rate (PFR); T
2Be the time interval (min)
5, experimental provision cleaning and maintenance: experimental provision can be placed in the water always and use continuously, can water in the tank 21 be drained by the outlet pipe 22 of band water level control apparatus after experiment is finished.Experimental provision can conveniently split, and each part all can freely clean and deposit.
Embodiment two
Be the test experiments fish with the mandarin sturgeon
1) device is installed and is laid: according to apparatus structure schematic diagram shown in Figure 1, support 13 in tank 21 bottoms is hinged with experimental bench bases 15 successively, stablize depressed place 14 and test body 1, the test body 1 an end by electromotor 2, the diving current battalion permeable system that inlet opening 3 and impeller 4 are formed, and be connected with the junction button of fairing 5 one ends, fairing 5 is evenly clogged the stainless steel mesh screen by the steel wire bellows interior of inner wall smooth and is formed, the test section 6 of band observation window is connected with the junction button of fairing 5 other ends, the test section 6 usefulness transparent organic glass pipes of band observation window and two ends are placed with intumescent screen cloth 7 and form, install point type current meter 10 in the middle of the flow velocity test 9, with lead 12 the flow rate of water flow monitor 17 on the control panel 20 is connected with current meter 10, water quality monitor 19 is connected with water quality monitoring probe 16, in tank 21, fill with water by water inlet pipe 23, regulate the outlet pipe 22 of water inlet pipe 23 and band water level control apparatus, make the water exchange capacity in the tank 21 constant.
2) system testing and correction: start the power supply control button, adjust power frequency by frequency-variable controller 18, thereby regulate impeller 4 rotating speeds, build current.Read flow speed value by current meter 10, record the flow speed value of each frequency correspondence.Retest is proofreaied and correct system for 3 times, when the flow velocity error〉0.5% or＜0.3% the time, readjust flow rate of water flow.Carry out observational record by 19 pairs of water temperatures of water quality monitor and dissolved oxygen, recorded 1 time automatically in per 20 minutes.Control water inlet 23 flows, water quality supervision probing 16 and water quality monitor 19 control water temperature luffings are less than 0.5 ℃, and dissolved oxygen is greater than 6.0mg/L.
3) experiment fish adaptation training before the test: before the experiment, mandarin sturgeon is put into flow velocity test section 9, put in a suitable place to breed 2 hours, flow velocity in the test section 6 of accommodation zone observation window is to 0.008m ∕ second, the test section 6 of band observation window and the screen cloth 7 between the flow velocity test section 9 are opened, mandarin sturgeon is entered in the test section 6 of band observation window, install screen cloth 7 again, allow mandarin sturgeon adaptation training 1 hour.
4) swimming aptitude tests: when the test mandarin sturgeon continues the swimming ability, regulate the experiment water velocity that water flow to be needed by frequency-variable controller 18, the record experiment time started, by the swimming state that the observation window on the test section is observed mandarin sturgeon, before mandarin sturgeon fatigue can not overcome current direction, move about, and fish tail repeatedly touches screen cloth 7, the distortion of fish body, when no behavior changed in second, experiment was judged to be end, the record experiment concluding time at 20-60.The gram stream time by fish body under more different current, the different in flow rate obtains the lasting swimming of mandarin sturgeon capacity data.When test mandarin sturgeon limit swimming ability, initial flow rate, flow velocity increment, the flow velocity step of at first formulating in the test process increase the time; In each tachograph, find out frequency value corresponding then, utilize frequency-variable controller 18 setpoint frequencies, adjusting time.Experimentation record setting value, zero-time and the concluding time.According to formula
U
Crit=U
1+ (T
1/ T
2) * U
2Calculate the limit swimming ability that obtains mandarin sturgeon.
U in the formula
1Can swim the peak flow rate (PFR) (cm/s) in complete the time interval for the experiment fish; U
2Be speed increment (cm/s); T
1Be the sustainable swimming time (min) of test fish under peak flow rate (PFR); T
2Be the time interval (min)
5) experimental provision cleaning and maintenance: experimental provision can be placed in the water always and use continuously, can water in the tank 21 be drained by the outlet pipe 22 of band water level control apparatus after experiment is finished.Experimental provision can conveniently split, and each part all can freely clean and deposit.
Example detection result
Table 1 experiment test record sheet
The above only is non-limiting embodiment of the present invention; for the person of ordinary skill of the art; not breaking away from the invention design and not making under the prerequisite of creative work, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. fish swimming ability assay method, it is characterized in that: described method follows these steps to carry out:
(1) preparation before the experiment: put up the open determinator of heavy water that fish swimming ability is measured, water will be filled with in the experimental trough, by the inflow of control water inlet and the drainage discharge of delivery port, make the water body in the experimental trough keep constant water body exchange rate;
(2) system testing and correction: power to system, open flow velocity, water body dissolved oxygen and water temperature detection instrument, regulate frequency-variable controller and start diving current construction system generation current, the flow speed value of each frequency conversion frequency correspondence also tested in record, forms the system standard current and increase progressively table, after 2-3 correction, error is in 0.3-0.5%, less than 0.5 ℃, dissolved oxygen amount just begins the work of experimentizing greater than 6.0mg/L with water temperature luffing control;
(3) swimming aptitude tests: before the experiment, to test the fish test section of packing into put in a suitable place to breed 1-2 hour, keep the system water flow velocity less than 0.01m/ second, make experiment fish acclimatization training 0.5-1 hour, begin to test fish when continuing the swimming time test, frequency-variable controller is adjusted under the frequency of required flow rate correspondence, the opening entry time, take place obviously to be finished by the labor behavior until the experiment fish, when beginning to test fish limit swimming aptitude tests, required flow velocity and the corresponding frequency setting of ascending series are input in the frequency-variable controller, frequency-variable controller can be regulated water flow velocity automatically in the test process, and increase progressively by desired flow rates, when taking place obviously by the labor behavior, the experiment fish finishes;
(4) experimental data collection: the time and the fish behavior that only need record water flow velocity, flow velocity to build in the experimentation change the time that occurs, calculate fish swimming aptitude tests index according to formula, need in the test according to the dissolved oxygen of water quality monitor and the amplitude of variation of water temperature value, carry out water inlet flow size adjustment, it is constant to keep system environments;
Fish limit velocity measure equation is:
U
crit?=?U
1?+?(?T
1?/T
2)?×?U
2
In the formula: U
1Can swim the peak flow rate (PFR) in complete the time interval for testing fish, unit is cm/ second;
U
2Be speed increment, unit is cm/s second;
T
1Be the sustainable swimming time of experiment fish under peak flow rate (PFR), unit is minute;
T
2Be the time interval, unit is minute;
(5) maintenance of system and cleaning: experiment is dismantled experimental provision and corollary system, clean and is safeguarded after finishing, and stores classifiedly then.
2. measure the heavy open testing arrangement of water of fish swimming ability for one kind, comprise test body (1), electromotor (2), inlet opening (3), impeller (4), fairing (5), the test section (6) of band observation window, screen cloth (7), flow velocity test section (9), current meter (10), water level control zone (11), support (13), stablize depressed place (14), experimental bench base (15), water quality monitoring probe (16), flow rate of water flow monitor (17), frequency-variable controller (18), water quality monitor (19), tank (21), outlet pipe (22) and the water inlet pipe (23) of band water level control apparatus, it is characterized in that: an end of tank (21) bottom is equipped with the outlet pipe (22) of band water level control apparatus, support (13) is equipped with in bottom in the tank (21), experimental bench base (15) is housed on the support (13), stable depressed place (14) is housed on the experimental bench base (15), stablize test body (1) is housed on the depressed place (14), one end of test body (1) is by electromotor (2), inlet opening (3) is formed the diving current with impeller (4) and is built system, the two ends of fairing (5) are built system and are with the test section (6) of observation window to be connected with the diving current respectively, the other end of the test section (6) of band observation window is connected with flow velocity test section (9), current meter (10) is housed in the flow velocity test section (9), the other end of flow velocity test section (9) is connected with water level control zone (11), flow rate of water flow monitor (17) is housed on the control panel (20), frequency-variable controller (18) and water quality monitor (19), flow rate of water flow monitor (17) uses lead (12) to be connected with water quality monitoring probe (16) with current meter (10) respectively with water quality monitor (19), and tank (21) top one end is equipped with water inlet pipe (23).
3. the heavy open testing arrangement of water of mensuration fish swimming ability according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described fairing (5) is evenly clogged the stainless (steel) wire screen banks by the steel wire bellows interior of inner wall smooth.
4. the heavy open testing arrangement of water of mensuration fish swimming ability according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the test section of described band observation window (6) are placed with intumescent screen cloth (7) with transparent organic glass pipe and two ends and form.
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