CN106930251B - A kind of target flow rate construction method on multiple populations of fish pass monitoring system - Google Patents
A kind of target flow rate construction method on multiple populations of fish pass monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of target flow rate construction methods on multiple populations of fish pass monitoring system.It included the steps of determining that fingerling class；According to fish research data and fish pass construction demand, determines in current fish season excessively, there are the fish of migration demand；Determine fish pass minimum flow rate vmin；Value was to incude flow velocity v in fingerling classflMinimum value；Determine fish pass peak flow rate (PFR) vmax；Selected characteristic flow velocity section vch；Determine the candidate flow velocity v of control sectioncaSection；After fish pass change of water level range and inlet flow rate variation range discretization, according to various combination, the candidate flow velocity v of one timing section of fish pass head and flow is calculated separately outca‑iSection；Determine control section target flow rate section vtg‑i.With the accuracy for improving fish pass target flow rate selection section, the integration objective flow velocity for meeting a variety of fish of different time is chosen, and effectively improves the advantages of crossing fish effect of fish pass.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fish pass engineering fields, more specifically say it is a kind of target flow rate on multiple populations of fish pass monitoring system
Construction method.
Background technique
Fish pass is one kind of dam or sluice fish pass structure, is the channel for fish migration, generally by sluice or
Artifical flume is built on dam to realize, to safeguard fish natural habit, to protect the fish resources, maintains river biology more
Sample.
According to incompletely statistics, the fish pass structure of North America has more than 400 at present, and Japan has more than 1000；And fish is crossed in China
The construction of building and research history are shorter, and to the eighties in 20th century, the fish pass facility that China is built up is in more than 40 seats；From Ge Zhou
Dam key water control project takes more than 20 years after protection problem of the measure at construction enhancement releasing station to solve the Species of Rare Fish from Qingdao such as mandarin sturgeon,
China seldom builds fish pass structure when building hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, and relevant technical research work is in stop phase；Into
After 21 century, with the gradually intensification of China's water conservancy and hydropower development of resources, the environmental-friendly requirement of hydraulic engineering is by from new knowledge
And positioning, the research and construction of fish pass structure are taken seriously again.
The practical quality for crossing fish effect of fish pass depends on many factors, such as fish pass water velocity, flow-shape, fish trip
Outlet capacity, fish inlet design etc., but fish pass water velocity is wherein the most key factor；In the artificial fish pass of certain depth of water
In, water velocity is excessively high, and more than the swimming ability of fish, then fish can not brave against the current；Water velocity is too low, then fish will dissipate
Sense of direction is lost, correct migration direction can not be also found；Meanwhile also only suitable water velocity, it could be manufactured in fish pass
Suitable fluidised form out browses sluice via fish pass for the shoal of fish or dam provides the most fundamental guarantee.
The experiences and lessons of domestic and international fish pass engineering are summarized, we are it is not difficult to find that cross the single fish pass work of fish object
Journey, easy acquirement is ideal crosses fish effect；Because crossing fish object to simplify, it is meant that the simplification of flow rate requirement；?
The operating condition of known sluice or dam, and in the simple situation of flow rate requirement, it can be obtained completely by fish pass Hydraulic Design
Obtain satisfied result；But with the increasingly raising that environmental protection requires hydraulic engineering, the functional requirement of fish pass is also corresponding big
Width improves, such as imitation biochemistry, automation；The basic goal of these new demands seeks to lower as far as possible mankind's activity to fish
The negative effect of resource, directly embodying is exactly the fish type and quantity excessively for improving fish pass.
However the difference of fish habit is larger, is also not quite similar to the adaptability of flow rate of water flow and fluidised form；Cross fish target
Diversification causes the diversification of fish pass flow rate requirement, can not meet one by one by Hydraulic Design merely, it is necessary to have new hand
Section.
Fish pass flow velocity online monitoring system is exactly the deficiency in order to make up waterwork flow rate control capability, and one constructed
A computer supervisory control system, effect are to realize the monitoring to fish pass water velocity by control fish pass water delivery gate system,
And fluidised form is influenced by coutroi velocity, to realize diversified fish target excessively.
The function of fish pass flow velocity on-line monitoring system realizes that general thought is as follows: working as first with the determination of fish pass operation reserve
Preceding fish pass crosses fish target, so that it is determined that the target flow rate of each section of fish pass；Then, according to fish pass water levels of upstream and downstream, flow passage structure
Etc. parameters, calculate and seek the carrying capacity of each water delivery gate, to meet the requirement of each measuring frequency section target flow rate；Then, according to defeated
Water requires to determine gatage with gate characteristic, and executes；Finally, according to the water levels of upstream and downstream and fish pass that real-time monitor
Water velocity, dynamic corrections gatage guarantee that fish pass flow velocity is persistently met the requirements；In above process, each area of fish pass is determined
The target flow rate of section is a problem urgently to be resolved.The existing confirmation method major defect to fish pass target flow rate has: needle
To single or a small amount of several main fish；Flow velocity confirms that flow rates are more coarse, precision is not high mainly by empirical value.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of target flow rate construction methods on multiple populations of fish pass monitoring system, improve fish pass mesh
The accuracy for marking flow velocity selection section, the integration objective flow velocity for meeting a variety of fish of different time are chosen, and fish pass is effectively improved
Cross fish effect.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a kind of target flow rate on multiple populations of fish pass monitoring system
Construction method, characterized by the following steps:
Step 1: determining fingerling class
According to fish research data and fish pass construction demand, determines in current fish season excessively, there are the fish of migration demand, it is false
Equipped with i (i=1,2 ... n) plant fish need migration；
Step 2: determining fish pass minimum flow rate vmin
Minimum flow rate should meet the requirement that fish sense water flow, generate stream reaction, therefore fish pass minimum flow rate can
Value was to incude flow velocity v in fingerling classflMinimum value；
vmin=min (vfl-i), i=1,2 ... n；
In formula, vfl-i: the induction flow velocity of the i-th class fish；
Step 3: determining fish pass peak flow rate (PFR) vmax
In the case of peak flow rate (PFR), should still there are fish that can cross dam by persistently swimming, fish pass peak flow rate (PFR) is determined as
The lasting swimming rate v of fishcontAmong maximum value, and continue swimming rate vcontRule of thumb value is critical swimming speed
Spend vcrit80%；
vmax=max (vcont-i)=0.8 × max (vcrit-i), i=1,2 ... n
In formula, vcont-i: the i-th class fish continues swimming rate；
Continue swimming rate vcont: the trip speed of the sustainable travelling 200min of fish individual, rule of thumb value is critical trip
Swim speed vcrit80%, m/s；
Critical swimming speed vcrit: refer to the fixation water velocity that fish are persistently swum when being less than 200min greater than 20s, also referred to as
For maximum continuous swimming speed, maximum swimming rate when fish aerobic metabolism is reflected, is usually measured with test method, m/
s；
Step 4: selected characteristic flow velocity section vcn
The minimum flow rate v of fish passminEnsure to betide fish pass bottom by waterwork design, is not required to control, only needs to check；
When fish pass bottom velocity meets the requirement of minimum flow rate, and mean velocity in section is less than peak flow rate (PFR) v in runnermaxWhen, in runner
Certainly exist the water stream channel for meeting flow rates demand；Therefore, it is necessary to the target flow rate interval ranges of control should meet following formula, enable:
vch_i∈(vmin, Kcal_i×vmax) (1)
In formula (1),
Feature flow velocity section vch_i: section target flow rate section needed for referring to i-th of section of fish pass；
Conversion factor Kcal_i: refer to that the conversion factor of i-th section target flow rate and maximum flow rate of fish pass, conversion factor are initial
Value takes 1.1 for moisturizing section, and fishpond of having a rest takes 0.9, and the section other than moisturizing section, fishpond of having a rest in fish pass takes 1.0, conversion system
Number can simultaneously be corrected according to operation data；
Step 5: determining the candidate flow velocity v of control sectioncaSection
Candidate flow velocity vca-iSection is to simulate in one timing of fish pass head and flow to i-th of section control section
Numerical simulation calculates, obtained cross-sectional flow section；Candidate flow velocity vca-iSection reflects one timing of fish pass head and flow, breaks
Minimum and maximum flow velocity present on face；After fish pass change of water level range and inlet flow rate variation range discretization, according to not
With combination, the candidate flow velocity v of one timing section of fish pass head and flow is calculated separately outca-iSection；
Step 6: determining control section target flow rate section vtg-i
The choosing method in control section target flow rate section: overall merit is carried out to some control section candidate's flow velocity section
Determine, calculates separately evaluation point, the high candidate flow velocity section of evaluation point and feature flow velocity interval fitting degree are high, most by evaluation point
High person is selected as the section target flow rate section, and evaluation divides calculation formula as follows:
In formula (2),
Section intersection: the intersection in candidate flow velocity section and feature flow velocity section；
Section difference set: the difference set in candidate flow velocity section and feature flow velocity section.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, in step 5, candidate flow velocity section is analyzed by software numerical value and is obtained, and can pass through
History measured data is modified.Keep data more accurate.
The present invention has the advantage that
(1) system is determined by setting cut surface character flow velocity section and overall merit, can be more scientific and accurately sentenced
Determine the cross-sectional flow distribution situation in fish pass, improves the accuracy in fish pass target flow rate selection section, it is more to meet different time
The integration objective flow velocity of kind fish is chosen；Overcome the shortcomings that prior art is just for single or a small amount of several main fish；
(2) selection for crossing fish target flow rate is promoted to comprehensive fining from simple extensive style, fish pass can be effectively improved
Fish effect is crossed, provides scientific and effective precondition for fish pass flow real-time monitoring system；Overcome prior art flow rates
The not high disadvantage of more coarse, precision.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is fish pass of embodiment of the present invention plan view.
Fig. 2 is fish pass of embodiment of the present invention 3 d effect graph.
Fig. 3 is invention software numerical simulation fish pass middle section cross section flow velocity isogram.
Fig. 4 is 10m under 12m head of the present invention3/ s flow Imitating computer sim- ulation contraction section central lateral plane flow velocity is equivalent
Line chart.
In Fig. 3, horizontal axis X is the size for emulating the length of fish pass, and unit is rice (m)；Longitudinal axis Y is the wide ruler for emulating fish pass
Very little, unit is rice (m)；Vel is the flow velocity of constant velocity line, and unit is meter per second (m/s)；In figure, 0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,
1.0,1.1,1.2,1.3,1.5 respectively represent flow velocity be 0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.0,1.1,1.2,1.3,1.5m/s
Isopleth；
In Fig. 4, horizontal axis X is the size for emulating the length of fish pass, and unit is rice (m)；Longitudinal axis Y is the wide ruler for emulating fish pass
Very little, unit is rice (m)；Vel is the flow velocity of constant velocity line, and unit is meter per second (m/s)；In figure, 0.5,0.6,1.0,1.1,1.2,
1.5 respectively represent the isopleth that flow velocity is 0.5,0.6,1.0,1.1,1.2,1.5m/s.
Specific embodiment
The performance that the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but they and do not constitute a limitation of the invention, only
It is for example.Keep advantages of the present invention more clear by explanation simultaneously and is readily appreciated that.
Refering to known to attached drawing: a kind of target flow rate construction method on multiple populations of fish pass monitoring system, it is characterised in that: including
Following steps:
Step 1: determining fingerling class
According to fish research data and fish pass construction demand, determines in current fish season excessively, there are the fish of migration demand, it is false
Equipped with i (i=1,2 ... n) plant fish need migration；
Step 2: determining fish pass minimum flow rate vmin
Minimum flow rate should meet the requirement that fish sense water flow, generate stream reaction, therefore fish pass minimum flow rate can
Value was to incude flow velocity v in fingerling classflMinimum value；
vmin=min (vfl-i), i=1,2 ... n；
In formula, vfl-i: the induction flow velocity of the i-th class fish；
Step 3: determining fish pass peak flow rate (PFR) vmax
In the case of peak flow rate (PFR), should still there are fish that can cross dam by persistently swimming, fish pass peak flow rate (PFR) is determined as
The lasting swimming rate v of fishcontAmong maximum value, and continue swimming rate vcontRule of thumb value is critical swimming speed
Spend vcrit80%；
vmax=max (vcont-i)=0.8 × max (vcrit-i), i=1,2 ... n
In formula, vcont-i: the i-th class fish continues swimming rate；
Continue swimming rate vcont: the trip speed of the sustainable travelling 200min of fish individual, rule of thumb value is critical trip
Swim speed vcrit80%, m/s；
Critical swimming speed vcrit: refer to the fixation water velocity that fish are persistently swum when being less than 200min greater than 20s, also referred to as
For maximum continuous swimming speed, maximum swimming rate when fish aerobic metabolism is reflected, is usually measured with test method, m/
s；
Step 4: selected characteristic flow velocity section vch
The minimum flow rate v of fish passminEnsure to betide fish pass bottom by waterwork design, is not required to control, only needs to check；
When fish pass bottom velocity meets the requirement of minimum flow rate, and mean velocity in section is less than peak flow rate (PFR) v in runnermaxWhen, in runner
Certainly exist the water stream channel for meeting flow rates demand；Therefore, it is necessary to the target flow rate interval ranges of control should meet following formula, enable:
vch_i∈(vmin, Kcal_i×vmax) (1)
In formula (1),
Feature flow velocity section vch_i: section target flow rate section needed for referring to i-th of section of fish pass；
Conversion factor Kcal_i: refer to that the conversion factor of i-th section target flow rate and maximum flow rate of fish pass, conversion factor are initial
Value takes 1.1 for moisturizing section, and fishpond of having a rest takes 0.9, and the section other than moisturizing section, fishpond of having a rest in fish pass takes 1.0, conversion system
Number can simultaneously be corrected according to operation data；
Step 5: determining the candidate flow velocity v of control sectioncaSection
Candidate flow velocity vca-iSection is to simulate in one timing of fish pass head and flow to i-th of section control section
Numerical simulation calculates, obtained cross-sectional flow section；Candidate flow velocity vca-iSection reflects one timing of fish pass head and flow, breaks
Minimum and maximum flow velocity present on face；After fish pass change of water level range and inlet flow rate variation range discretization, according to not
With combination, the candidate flow velocity v of one timing section of fish pass head and flow is calculated separately outca-iSection；
Step 6: determining control section target flow rate section vtg-i
The choosing method in control section target flow rate section: overall merit is carried out to some control section candidate's flow velocity section
Determine, calculates separately evaluation point, the high candidate flow velocity section of evaluation point and feature flow velocity interval fitting degree are high, most by evaluation point
High person is selected as the section target flow rate section, and evaluation divides calculation formula as follows:
In formula (2),
Section intersection: the intersection in candidate flow velocity section and feature flow velocity section；
Section difference set: the difference set in candidate flow velocity section and feature flow velocity section.
In step 5, candidate flow velocity section is analyzed by software numerical value and is obtained, and can be repaired by history measured data
Just.
Embodiment
Using certain fish pass engineering, as embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
The fish pass midplane and 3 d effect graph of certain fish pass engineering are as shown in attached drawing 1, attached drawing 2.
The first step determined fingerling class
The section river key in 8 to December of river locating for certain known fish pass crosses the induction flow velocity of fish target and critical flow velocity enters table respectively
1, shown in table 2:
Table 1 incudes flow velocity test sample and test result
2 critical speed test sample of table and test result
(overall length, body are long, weight is mean+SD (SD))
Second step determines minimum flow rate vmin
The minimum induction flow velocity of test fish sample is 0.4m/s, minimum flow velocity v known to above-mentioned table 1minIt should be 0.40m/
s；
Third step determines peak flow rate (PFR) vmax
The highest critical flow velocity of test fish sample is 1.75m/s, peak flow rate (PFR) v known to above-mentioned table 2maxIt should be 1.4m/
s；
4th step, selected characteristic flow velocity section vch
By taking fish pass middle section as an example, conversion factor Kcal_i1 is taken, feature flow velocity section vch∈ (0.4m/s, 1.4m/s)；
5th step determines candidate's flow velocity vca-iSection
The fish pass is arranged control section 3, is located at moisturizing section, have a rest fishpond and remaining section (being set to middle section), institute
Stating certain fish pass change of water level range is 12~24m, and discrete steps take 1m；Changes in flow rate orientation takes 1~10m3/ s, discrete steps
1m3/ s, it can thus be concluded that some control section candidate's flow velocity vca-iThe table in section is as shown in table 3；
The candidate flow velocity section under the conditions of different heads, different flow can be obtained by software numerical value analysis；With middle section
For control section, when head is 12m, flow 10m3When/s, software numerical value simulation result as shown in attached drawing 3, attached drawing 4, from
It can be analyzed on attached drawing 3, attached drawing 4 and show that candidate flow velocity section is (Vmin10-12, Vmax10-12)=(0.5,1.5) m/s；According to same
Method, can determine the flow velocity interval censored data in all control section tables；
3 middle section control section candidate's flow velocity interval table of table
6th step determines target flow rate Ytg-i
After the candidate flow velocity interval table for obtaining each control section, according to current head, it is known that the candidate under different flow
Flow velocity section, the judgment criteria for reusing formula (2) carry out overall merit judgement to candidate flow velocity section, calculate current head
Under, the comprehensive score of different flow therefrom chooses target flow rate of the candidate flow velocity section of top score as the section；
Formula (2) are as follows:
In formula (2),
Section intersection: the intersection in candidate flow velocity section and feature flow velocity section；
Section difference set: the difference set in candidate flow velocity section and feature flow velocity section；
It is that, when head is 12m, discrete flow can be obtained from the table 3 of middle section control section with middle section control section
Flow velocity section corresponding to 1.0~10.0m3/s, and according to above-mentioned formula (2), the feature flow velocity area being calculated with the 5th step
Between (0.4,1.4) m/s evaluated, the comprehensive score in section different in flow rate can be obtained, as shown in table 4；
Middle section control section candidate's flow velocity interval table and its overall merit when 4 head of table is 12m
Conclusion: under the conditions of judging 10 kinds of different flows, the comprehensive judgement situation in candidate flow velocity section is learnt, the 1st kind
Flow 1m3Under the conditions of/s candidate flow velocity section be 0.1m/s~0.86m/s fitting degree it is worst be -27 points；9th kind of flow 9m3/s
Under the conditions of candidate flow velocity section be 0.5m/s~1.4m/s fitting degree it is optimal be 74 points, under the 9th kind of flow condition of comprehensive judgement
Candidate flow velocity section it is optimal；When candidate flow velocity section being therefore determined as head 12m, the target flow rate of middle section control section.
It is repeated the above process on each control section, can determine the target flow rate of each control section, to obtain whole
The target flow rate of fish pass.
Other unaccounted parts belong to the prior art.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of target flow rate construction method on multiple populations of fish pass monitoring system, characterized by the following steps:
Step 1: determining fingerling class
According to fish research data and fish pass construction demand, determines in current fish season excessively, there are the fish of migration demand, it is assumed that have
I (i=1,2 ... it n) plants fish and needs migration；
Step 2: determining fish pass minimum flow rate vmin
Minimum flow rate should meet the requirement that fish sense water flow, generate stream reaction, therefore fish pass minimum flow rate can value
To cross in fingerling class, flow velocity v is incudedflMinimum value；
vmin=min (vfl-i), i=1,2 ... n；
In formula, vfl-i: the induction flow velocity of the i-th class fish；
Step 3: determining fish pass peak flow rate (PFR) vmax
In the case of peak flow rate (PFR), should still there are fish that can cross dam by persistently swimming, fish pass peak flow rate (PFR) is determined as fish
Lasting swimming rate vcontAmong maximum value, and continue swimming rate vcontRule of thumb value is critical swimming speed
vcrit80%；
vmax=max (vcont-i)=0.8 × max (vcrit-i), i=1,2 ... n
In formula, vcont-i: the i-th class fish continues swimming rate；
Continue swimming rate vcont: the trip speed of the sustainable travelling 200min of fish individual, rule of thumb value is critical swimming speed
vcrit80%, m/s；
Critical swimming speed vcrit: refer to the fixation water velocity that fish are persistently swum when being less than 200min greater than 20s, also referred to as most
Big continuous swimming speed, reflects maximum swimming rate when fish aerobic metabolism, is usually measured with test method, m/s；
Step 4: selected characteristic flow velocity section vch
The minimum flow rate v of fish passminEnsure to betide fish pass bottom by waterwork design, is not required to control, only needs to check；Work as fish
Road bottom velocity meets the requirement of minimum flow rate, and mean velocity in section is less than peak flow rate (PFR) v in runnermaxWhen, it is inevitable in runner
In the presence of the water stream channel for meeting flow rates demand；Therefore, it is necessary to the target flow rate interval ranges of control should meet following formula, enable:
vch_i∈(vmin, Kcal_i×vmax) (1)
In formula (1),
Feature flow velocity section vch_i: section target flow rate section needed for referring to i-th of section of fish pass；
Conversion factor Kcal_i: refer to the conversion factor of i-th section target flow rate and maximum flow rate of fish pass, conversion factor initial value pair
1.1 are taken in moisturizing section, fishpond of having a rest takes 0.9, and the section other than moisturizing section, fishpond of having a rest in fish pass takes 1.0, and conversion factor is simultaneously
It can be corrected according to operation data；
Step 5: determining the candidate flow velocity v of control sectioncaSection
Candidate flow velocity vca-iSection is that it is imitative to carry out simulation value to i-th of section control section in one timing of fish pass head and flow
It is true to calculate, obtained cross-sectional flow section；Candidate flow velocity vca-iSection reflects one timing of fish pass head and flow, deposits on section
Minimum and maximum flow velocity；After fish pass change of water level range and inlet flow rate variation range discretization, according to various combination,
Calculate separately out the candidate flow velocity v of one timing section of fish pass head and flowca-iSection；
Step 6: determining control section target flow rate section vtg-i
The choosing method in control section target flow rate section: overall merit is carried out to some control section candidate's flow velocity section and is sentenced
It is fixed, evaluation point is calculated separately, the high candidate flow velocity section of evaluation point and feature flow velocity interval fitting degree are high, divide evaluation to highest
Person is selected as the section target flow rate section, and evaluation divides calculation formula as follows:
In formula (2),
Section intersection: the intersection in candidate flow velocity section and feature flow velocity section；
Section difference set: the difference set in candidate flow velocity section and feature flow velocity section.
2. a kind of target flow rate construction method on multiple populations of fish pass monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In step 5, candidate flow velocity section is analyzed by software numerical value and is obtained, and can be modified by history measured data.
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| CN110396998B (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2021-06-04 | 福建省水利水电勘测设计研究院 | Fish inlet design method according with natural flow rule and fish behavior characteristics |
| CN110907133B (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2021-07-16 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Fishway evaluation system and fishway evaluation method |
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| CN103202254A (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2013-07-17 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | Fish swimming capability measuring method and submerged open-type testing device |
| CN103858805A (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2014-06-18 | 水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所 | Method for evaluating swimming ability of fishes and application |
| CN104430076A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-03-25 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method for measuring fish critical swimming speed |
| CN105735210A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-07-06 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Comprehensive arrangement of combining tunnel-type nature-like fishway with fish lock and application method thereof |
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