RU2263743C1 - Fish pass (variants) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic structures, particularly fish passes adapted for passing brood fishes through support structures to spawning and growth areas.

SUBSTANCE: fish pass has chute-like water channel with head part connected to upper pool of hydrosystem and mouth part connected to lower pool thereof. Vertical members providing increased roughness made as a umber of flexible rods are arranged on channel bottom, distributed along channel length and connected to channel bottom by one ends. Vertical members are spaced equal distances one from another along channel width. In accordance with the first embodiment the vertical members have different heights so that alternating elevated areas and depressions are created. The elevated areas and depressions simulate river riffles. In accordance with the second embodiment vertical members have different height along channel width so that elevated areas and depressions are created. The elevated areas and depressions form floodplains and bed zones of the river.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of hydraulic conditions for excessive kinetic flow energy dissipation.

5 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, in particular to fish passage facilities designed to allow fish producers to pass through retaining structures to spawning and feeding grounds.

Known fish passage channel [1], including a water path made in the form of a channel, spawning fields formed by spaced rows of spawning panels, and elements of enhanced roughness installed on the bottom of the channel along its length in the spaces between spawning panels, made in the form of vertically mounted elements, having different heights.

The disadvantage of this structure is the low efficiency of extinguishing the excess kinetic energy of the stream.

Known fish passage channel [2], including a water passage made in the form of a channel, the head part of which is connected to the upper pool of the hydraulic system, and the mouth part is connected to the lower pool, elements of natural roughness made in the form of natural vegetation installed on the bottom of the channel along its length .

The disadvantage of this structure is the low efficiency of extinguishing the excess kinetic energy of the stream.

Known fish passage channel [3], including a water supply path made in the form of a channel, the head part of which is connected to the upper pool of the hydraulic system, and the wellhead part is connected to the lower pool, reinforced roughness elements placed in the tray in transverse rows and made in the form of conical pins with a rounded top, and the pins of each subsequent row are located in the middle of the gaps between the pins of the previous row.

The disadvantage of this structure is the low efficiency of extinguishing the excess kinetic energy of the flow and the high probability of entering the tray by entrained sediment.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a fish passage channel [4], including a water supply path made in the form of a tray, the head part of which is connected to the upper pool of the hydraulic system, and the wellhead part - to the lower pool, vertically mounted elements of enhanced roughness, made in the form flexible rods placed at the bottom of the channel along its length and cantilevered to the bottom of the tray, while the vertical elements are evenly distributed across the width of the tray.

The disadvantage of this structure is the low efficiency of extinguishing the excess kinetic energy of the stream.

The aim of the invention is to create effective hydraulic conditions in the fish passage channel to absorb the excess kinetic energy of the stream.

The invention consists in the following.

According to claim 1 of the claims. The implementation of vertical elements placed along the length of the channel, made with different heights, allows you to form elevated and lowered sections that alternate one after another, simulating stretches and rifts of the river channel. In this arrangement, the elements of enhanced roughness - vertical rods can intensively extinguish the excess kinetic energy of the water flow in the bottom horizons. In addition, the formation of elevated and lowered areas that mimic the shape of the river channel allows the fish to provide the most favorable conditions for moving it in the direction of the upper pool. Using lowered areas - reaches the fish has the potential to rest and restore its energy capabilities.

According to claim 2 of the claims. Performing the height of the vertical elements of the elevated sections along the width of the tray decreasing to its opposite side, and the heights of the vertical elements of the lower sections, along the width of the tray increasing to its opposite side, allows the water flow to change its dynamic axis, that is, swing it relative to the longitudinal axis of the fish passage tract. This arrangement allows, using the principle of meandering the riverbed, to make the water flow work to quench the excess kinetic energy, forcing it to spend part of its energy with overcoming the local resistance and changing the trajectory of its movement when the geometrical parameters of the fish passage channel tray are constant.

According to claim 3 of the claims (Option). The implementation of vertical elements along the width of the tray, made with different heights, allows you to form elevated and lowered sections that simulate floodplain and channel sections of the river channel. As is known [Utility Model Certificate No. 13806, MKI E 02 B 8/08 Fish-Spawning Canal / Skorobogatov M.A., Lupandin A.I., Pavlov D.S., Barekyan A.Sh., Gorbasheva E.S. ., Reshetov A.P. and Skorobogatov A.M. Publ. B.I. No. 15, 2000], there is a hydraulic phenomenon called G.V.Zheleznyakov kinematic effect of the interaction of pressureless channel and floodplain flows. As the authors note in the RNA-river-floodplain RNA article, when the channel and floodplain flows interact, there is a significant decrease in the average and surface channel flow velocities under the influence of the floodplain. At the same time, in the near-river compartment of the floodplain stream, as a rule, there is a slight increase in velocities. The zones of influence of the floodplain flow on the channel, as well as the channel flow on the floodplain depend on the geometric dimensions of the channel and floodplain, slopes of the bottom, roughness coefficients, etc.

Nevertheless, there is a layout of the elements of enhanced roughness, which allows you to quench the excess kinetic energy of the flow.

According to claim 4 of the claims. Performing the height of the vertical elements in the central part of the tray is less than the height of the vertical elements located at the sides of the tray, allows you to form a "cross-section" of the type "floodplain-channel-floodplain."

According to claim 5, the claims. Performing the height of the vertical elements in the central part of the tray and at its sides is greater than the height of the vertical elements located between the elements in the central part and the elements at the sides of the tray, allows you to form a "cross-section" of the channel-floodplain-channel.

The solution to this problem is achieved by creating a new design of the fish passage channel and its variant. Graphic material that explains the essence of the invention is presented in the following figures:

figure 1 - fish passage channel, isometry;

figure 2 is a model of the riverbed recesses, isometry;

figure 3 - fish passage channel plan;

figure 4 is the same, a longitudinal section;

5 is the same, the structure of the flow formed in the channel;

6 is a fish passage channel, isometry, a variant with the height of the vertical elements of the elevated sections along the width of the tray, decreasing to its opposite side, and the heights of the vertical elements of the lowered sections, across the width, of the tray increasing to its opposite side;

Fig.7 is a cross section of the channel, the height of the vertical elements of the elevated sections along the width of the tray decreases to its opposite side;

Fig - cross-section of the channel, the height of the vertical elements of the lowered sections, the width of the tray increases to its opposite side;

Fig.9 is a variant of the cross section of the channel, the height of the vertical elements in the Central part of the tray is less than the height of the vertical elements located at the sides of the tray;

figure 10 is a variant of the cross section of the channel, the height of the vertical elements in the Central part of the tray and at its sides is greater than the height of the vertical elements located between the elements in the central part and the elements at the sides of the tray;

11 is a variant of the cross section of the channel "channel-floodplain-channel", isometry;

Fig - the same, the planned structure of the stream.

The fish passage channel includes a water supply path 1 made in the form of a tray, the head part of which is connected to the upper pool of the hydraulic system, and the wellhead part is connected to the lower pool, vertically mounted elements of enhanced roughness, made in the form of flexible rods 2, placed at the bottom of the channel along its length and console mounted to the bottom of the tray, while the vertical elements are evenly distributed across the width of the tray.

Vertical elements 2, placed along the length of the channel, are made with different heights, forming elevated 3 and lowered sections 4, which alternate one after another, simulating reaches and rifts of the river channel.

In addition, the height of the vertical elements 2 of the elevated sections 3 along the width of the tray can decrease to its opposite side, and the height of the vertical elements 2 of the lower sections 4, along the width of the tray can increase to its opposite side.

In addition, the vertical elements 2, along the width of the tray, can be made with different heights, forming elevated 3 and lowered 4 sections that mimic the floodplain 5 and channel 6 sections of the river channel.

In addition, the height of the vertical elements 2 in the central part of the tray may be less than the height of the vertical elements 2 located at the sides of the tray.

In addition, the height of the vertical elements 2 in the central part of the tray and at its sides may be greater than the height of the vertical elements 2 located between the elements 2 in the central part and the elements 2 at the sides of the tray.

Fish passage channel works as follows.

Fish attracted from the lower pool to the estuary of the water supply path 1 enters the fish passage channel, where it gradually moves towards the upper pool of the waterworks. Due to the installation of reinforced roughness elements in the form of rods 2 at the bottom of the channel path 1, a significant part of the excess kinetic energy of the water flow is quenched in the near-bottom horizon (Fig. 5). Bottom species of fish (for example, sturgeon) move mainly at the bottom of the watercourse, where optimal conditions for their movement are created, use the artificially created relief of the river channel, which is formed by elevated 3 and lowered 4 sections imitating reaches and rifts (Figs. 1 and 2) . The rods 2 are installed so that the fish has the ability to freely move between them (figure 4).

To increase the efficiency of quenching the excess kinetic energy of the water stream, the elements of enhanced roughness 2 can be installed according to the following scheme. Performing the height of the vertical elements 2 of the elevated sections 3 along the width of the tray decreasing to its opposite side (Fig. 7), and the height of the vertical elements 2 of the lower sections 4, along the width of the tray increasing to its opposite side (Fig. 8) allows you to make the water flow change its dynamic axis, that is, swing it with respect to the longitudinal axis of the fish passage tract (Fig.6). This arrangement allows, using the principle of meandering the riverbed, to make the water flow work to quench the excess kinetic energy, forcing it to spend part of its energy with overcoming the local resistance and changing the trajectory of its movement when the geometrical parameters of the fish passage channel tray are constant.

The implementation of the vertical elements 2, the width of the tray, made with different heights, allows you to form elevated 3 and lowered 4 sections that mimic the floodplain 5 and channel 6 sections of the river channel (Fig.9 and 10). As is known [Utility Model Certificate No. 13806, MKI E 02 B 8/08 Fish-Spawning Canal / Skorobogatov M.A., Lupandin A.I., Pavlov D.S., Barekyan A.Sh., Gorbasheva E.S. ., Reshetov A.P. and Skorobogatov A.M. Publ. B.I. No. 15, 2000], there is a hydraulic phenomenon called G.V.Zheleznyakov kinematic effect of the interaction of pressureless channel and floodplain flows. As the authors note in the channel-floodplain RNA article, the interaction of the channel 5 and floodplain 6 streams shows a significant decrease in the average and surface speeds of the channel 5 flow under the influence of the floodplain 6. At the same time, as a rule, in the riverbed compartment of the floodplain 6 flow some increase in speeds. The zones of influence of floodplain 6 flow on channel 5, as well as channel 5 flow on floodplain 6 depend on the geometric dimensions of the channel 5 and floodplain 6, slopes of the bottom, roughness coefficients, etc.

Nevertheless, there is a layout of elements 2 of enhanced roughness, which allows you to absorb the excess kinetic energy of the stream not only in the bottom part of the watercourse, but also in the depth and width of the fish passage channel.

Performing the height of the vertical elements 2 in the central part of the tray is less than the height of the vertical elements 2 located at the sides of the tray, allows you to form a "cross section" of the type "floodplain-channel-floodplain" (Fig.9).

Performing the height of the vertical elements 2 in the central part of the tray and its sides is greater than the height of the vertical elements 2 located between the elements 2 in the central part and the elements 2 at the sides of the tray, allows you to form a "cross-section" of the type "channel-flood-bed" Figures 9 and 10).

The flexibility of the rods 2 allows them to self-clean from algae and floating debris, bending under the influence of a transit stream, in the direction of flow.

Sources of information

1. USSR author's certificate No. 1457870, "Device for spawning lithophilic fish", IPC A 01 K 61/00, Authors: Ivanov AV, Lentyaev A.L. and Filippov G.G. (USSR). Publ. B.I. No. 6, 1989.

2. Japan Patent No. 2003-171927, "Fishway", Hirakawa Tomoyuki. IPC E 02 B 8/08. Publ. 06/20/2003.

3. RF patent №2013492, "Fish-ship", IPC E 02 В 8/08, Author: Filippov G.G. (USSR). Publ. 1994.05.30.

4. Japan Patent No. 09-132909, "Fish ladder", Mizuyama Takahisa, Onoda Tadahiro. IPC E 02 B 8/08. Publ. 05/20/1997.

Claims (5)

1. The fish passage channel, including the water supply path, made in the form of a tray, the head part of which is connected to the upper pool of the hydraulic system, and the mouth part is connected to the lower pool, vertical elements of enhanced roughness, made in the form of flexible rods, placed at the bottom of the channel along its length and console mounted to the bottom of the tray, while the vertical elements are evenly distributed across the width of the tray, characterized in that the vertical elements placed along the length of the channel are made with different heights, forming elevated and lowered sections that alternate one after another, imitating reaches and rifts of the river channel. 2. The channel according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the vertical elements of the elevated sections along the width of the tray decreases to its opposite side, and the height of the vertical elements of the lowered sections along the width of the tray increases to its opposite side. 3. The fish passage channel, including the water supply path, made in the form of a tray, the head part of which is connected to the upper pool of the hydraulic system, and the mouth part is connected to the lower pool, vertical elements of enhanced roughness made in the form of flexible rods placed at the bottom of the channel along its length and console mounted to the bottom of the tray, while the vertical elements are evenly distributed across the width of the tray, characterized in that the vertical elements along the width of the tray are made with different heights, forming elevated and lowered sections, Some imitate floodplain and channel sections of the river channel. 4. The channel according to claim 3, characterized in that the height of the vertical elements in the central part of the tray is less than the height of the vertical elements located at the sides of the tray. 5. The channel according to claim 3, characterized in that the height of the vertical elements in the central part of the tray and at its sides is greater than the height of the vertical elements located between the elements in the central part and the elements at the sides of the tray.

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