RU2241802C1 - Spawning fish pass - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic structures, particularly for fish passing through support structures to hatchery areas.

SUBSTANCE: fish pass has water conveyance path with head connected to upper pool of waterworks facility and mouth connected to lower pool thereof. Water conveyance path is formed as channel having polygonal cross-section and includes roughening members and natural growth arranged in layered manner on valley and bed parts of channel cross section. Channel includes two areas with various cross-sections arranged in lengthwise direction thereof and several connection areas. The first area includes central bed portion located between two valley parts, the second one has two bed parts connected by central valley part extending along channel axis. Connection areas mate bed part bottom with valley part bottoms of the first area and valley part bottom with bed part bottoms of the second channel area.

EFFECT: reduced kinetic flow of water flow and reduced fish pass length.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, in particular to fish passage facilities designed to allow fish producers to pass through retaining structures to spawning and feeding grounds.

Known fish passage and spawning channel [1], including a gateway regulator located in the head part connected to the upper pool, a water supply path connecting the head part to the wellhead and lower pool, and elements of enhanced roughness installed on the bottom of the channel along its entire length.

The disadvantage of this structure is the lack of equiprobable conditions for spawning of fish living at the bottom and in the surface horizons of the stream.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a fish-spawning canal [2], including a water supply path, the head of which is connected to the upper pool of the hydraulic system, and the mouth part is connected to the lower pool, made in the form of a channel with a cross-section of a polygonal shape, reinforced elements roughnesses and natural vegetation, tieredly located on the floodplain and channel parts of the channel cross section.

The disadvantage of this structure is the insufficiently effective quenching of the kinetic energy of the flow, as a result of which the channel length is more extended.

The aim of the invention is to create effective hydraulic conditions in the fish passageway to quench the kinetic energy of the stream to reduce the total length of the channel.

The invention consists in the following.

Due to the formation of the arrangement of the fish passage tract in the form of channel sections with a polygonal cross section and mating sections, it is possible to combine two variants of the cross section along the channel length: the first with the central channel part located between two floodplain parts, the second with two channel parts connected by a central floodplain part located along the central longitudinal axis of the channel. The mating sections make it possible to ensure the conjugation of the bottom of two variants of the channel cross-section due to the arrangement of the oblique walls and the inclined bottom. Thanks to the device along the length of the channel of several mating sections, it is possible to significantly reduce the length of the fish passage path (channel) due to the created hydraulic resistance to the flow passing through the water supply part of the fish passage-spawning channel.

The flow entering the mating section experiences the simultaneous influence of planned narrowing (expansion) and vertical expansion (narrowing), while due to the reorganization of both the planned and vertical diagrams of velocities and velocity head in the zone of the mating section, there is a change in water level marks and, accordingly, the mating section creates a calculated difference between two adjacent sections of the channel having a different cross-sectional shape. The presence of several mating sections, that is, differences along the length of the channel, allows for a constant slope of its bottom to significantly reduce the total length of the channel (by 20-25%). In this case, the created difference is such that the magnitude of the flow velocity in this cross section slightly exceeds the average flow velocity that occurs in the channel sections between the mating sections. In addition, the created difference allows the fish to overcome this high-speed “barrier” and, having overcome it, continue its advance towards the upper pool.

In addition, when reforming the flow rate, the planned flow plot is reorganized, and a multigradient (re-gradient) plot is created with a wide range of flow rates, in response to which, the fish has the opportunity to choose the most favorable speed sections for its further movement towards the upper pool.

The solution to this problem is achieved by creating a new design of the fish passage tract of the fish passage and spawning channel. Graphic material explaining the new design solution is presented in the following figures:

figure 1 - fish-spawning channel plan;

figure 2 is a cross-section aa, a variant of the polygonal section of the channel with the Central channel part connected to two floodplain parts;

figure 3 is a transverse section B-B, a variant of the polygonal section of the channel with the central floodplain part connected to two channel parts;

figure 4 is a fragment of the fish passage tract with a mating section, isometry;

5 is a mating plot, isometry.

The fish-breeding and spawning channel includes a water supply path 1, the head 2 of which is connected to the upper pool of the waterworks, and the mouth 3 part is connected to the lower pool, made in the form of a channel with a cross-section of a polygonal shape, reinforced roughness elements 4 and natural vegetation 5, tier floodplain 6 and channel 7 parts of the cross section of the channel. The channel of the water supply path 1 is made in length with two variants of the cross section: the first of which is with the central channel part 7 located between the two floodplain parts 6, the second with two channel parts 7 connected by the central floodplain part 6 located along the central longitudinal axis of the channel , and with several sections 8 connecting the bottom of two variants of the channel cross-section of the channel, connecting the bottom of the channel part 7 and the bottom of the floodplain parts 6 of one variant of the channel cross-section, respectively, with the bottom of the floodplains part 6 and with the bottom of the channel parts 7 of another variant of the cross section of the channel.

Fishery-spawning channel works as follows.

Attraction of fish from the lower pool to the mouth part 3 of the fish-spawning channel is carried out by supplying the working flow from the upper pool along the water supply path 1. The fish, reacting to the created hydraulic conditions, actively moves to the inlet head and, entering the mouth part 3, enters the channel, where it spawns in the presence of favorable conditions, or, overcoming the water supply path 1 and the head part 2, goes to the upper pool for further movement to the spawning or feeding grounds. The channel of the water supply path 1 is made in length with two variants of the cross section: the first of which is with the central channel part 7 located between the two floodplain parts 6 (Fig. 2), the second one with two channel parts 7 connected by the central floodplain part 6, located along the central longitudinal axis of the channel (Fig. 3), and with several sections 8 connecting the bottom of two variants of the channel cross section connecting the bottom of the channel part 7 and the bottom of the floodplain parts 6 of one variant of the channel cross section, respectively the bottom of the floodplain part 6 and the bottom of the channel parts 7 of another variant of the channel cross section. To quench the excess kinetic energy of the flow both on the floodplain 6 and on the channel 7 parts there are elements of enhanced roughness 4 made in the form of parallelepipeds. In addition, a hydraulic phenomenon, called the kinematic effect of the interaction of pressureless flows of the channel 7 and the floodplain 6 parts of the channel cross section, contributes to the suppression of excess flow energy. When the flows of the channel 7 and the floodplain 6 parts in the channel 1 interact, a significant decrease in the average and surface flow velocities in the channel 7 is observed under the influence of the flow of the floodplain 6, while at the same time, in the near-river compartment of the flow of the floodplain 6, there is usually a slight increase in speeds.

The presence of natural vegetation in floodplain areas 6 creates an opportunity for spawning of phytophilic fish. In addition, due to the polygonal shape of the cross section of channel 1 in the floodplain sections 6, the flow has a temperature higher than in the channel sections 7, which also contributes to the selection by fish of both the movement zones along the length of the water supply path 1 and the places for spawning.

Due to the formation of the fish passage path in the form of two channel variants with different polygonal cross-sections and mating sections 8 connecting the bottom of the channel part 7 and the bottom of the floodplain parts 6 of one variant of the channel cross-section, respectively, with the bottom of the floodplain part 6 and the bottom of the channel parts 7 of another variant of the transverse the channel cross-section (FIGS. 4 and 5), it is possible to combine two variants of the cross-section along the channel length: the first with the central channel part 7 located between the two floodplain parts 6, the second with two channel h The joints are connected by the central floodplain part 7 located along the central longitudinal axis of the water supply path 1. The mating sections 8 make it possible to ensure the conjugation of the bottom of two variants of the cross section of the water supply path 1 due to the arrangement of oblique walls and inclined sections of the bottom. Thanks to the device along the length of the water supply path 1 of several mating sections 8, it is possible to significantly reduce the length of the channel due to the created hydraulic resistance to the flow passing through the fish-spawning channel. The flow, entering the mating section 8, experiences the simultaneous influence of planned narrowing (expansion) and vertical expansion (narrowing), while due to the reformation of both the planned and vertical diagrams of velocities and velocity head in the area of the mating section 8, there is a change in water level marks and, accordingly, the mating section 8 creates a calculated difference between two adjacent sections of the water supply path 1, made with different cross-section. The presence of several mating sections 8, that is, local differences along the length of the canal, with a constant slope of its bottom, can significantly reduce the total length of the water supply path (by about 20-25%). Moreover, the created difference is such that the average flow velocity in this cross section slightly exceeds the average flow velocity that occurs in the channel sections between the mating sections 8. In addition, the created difference allows the fish to overcome this high-speed “barrier” and, having overcome it , continue your progress towards the upstream.

In addition, when the flow is reorganized, the planned flow plot is reorganized, and a multigradient (re-gradient) plot is created with a wide range of flow rates, in response to which, the fish has the opportunity to choose the most favorable speed sections for further advancement towards the upstream.

Sources of information

1. USSR author's certificate No. 1562397, E 02 B 8/08, op. BI No. 17, 1990.

2. Certificate for utility model No. 13806, E 02 B 8/08, op. BI No. 15, 2000.

Claims (1)

Fishery-spawning channel, including a water supply path, the head of which is connected to the upper pool of the waterworks system, and the mouth part is connected to the lower pool, made in the form of a channel with a cross-section of a polygonal shape, elements of enhanced roughness and natural vegetation, belt-wise located on the floodplain and channel parts a cross-section of the channel, characterized in that the channel of the water supply path is made in length with two variants of the cross-section: the first with a central channel part located two floodplain parts, and the second with two channel parts connected by a central floodplain part located along the central longitudinal axis of the channel, and with several sections connecting the bottom of two variants of the channel cross section connecting the bottom of the channel part and the bottom of the floodplain parts of one variant of the channel cross section respectively, with the bottom of the floodplain and with the bottom of the channel parts of another variant of the cross section of the channel.

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