RU2805865C1 - Fish-passing and spawning channel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fish farming.

SUBSTANCE: hydraulic engineering construction, namely fish-passing facilities. The fish-passing and spawning channel includes an entrance head made in the direction of fish movement, a fish-passing and spawning path with areas for rest and spawning of fish, equipped with a head regulator. The section from the head regulator to the junction of the fish-passing and spawning path of the channel with the upper pool of the reservoir is made of a trapezoidal cross-section, deepening and widening, with an increasing cross-sectional area of the water flow in the direction of the fish exit.

EFFECT: invention allows fish breeders to pass through the retaining facilities of river hydraulic structures to spawning places.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering construction, namely to fish passage structures that provide conditions for the passage of fish breeders through the retaining structures of river hydraulic structures to spawning grounds.

A known fish passage and spawning channel (patent RU 2241802 C1), including an entrance (for fish) head, a head regulator, fish resting areas and a water supply tract connected to the upper and lower tails of the hydroelectric complex, the head part of which is made in the form of a channel with hydrometric parameters corresponding (in terms of size and speed) of the main part of the canal path.

The disadvantage of this solution is that in the head (output for fish or inlet for water flow) part of the tract of the fish passage and spawning channel there are no necessary spatial and hydraulic conditions for the adaptation of fish to the hydrometric (depth-velocity) conditions of their exit into the upper pool of the hydroelectric complex, which does not exclude cases of fish sliding into the tailwater of the hydroelectric complex.

The closest in technical essence and achieved result is the fish passage and spawning channel (patent RU 2262569 C1), which includes an entrance (for fish) head, a head regulator, recreation areas for fish and a water supply (fish passage and spawning) tract, made in the form of a channel, a head (for a stream) or exit (for fish) section of which is made in the form of three autonomous channels with different speeds of water flow in them, which creates the conditions and the possibility for fish to choose the most acceptable (in terms of energy potential) autonomous channel when leaving the fish passage tract. spawning channel into the waterworks (near the dam) section of the reservoir.

The disadvantages of this technical solution are:

1. Lack of conditions for the adaptation of fish that have passed through the canal tract with depths from 1.5 m to 3.0 m and a water flow speed of (0.8-1.0) m/s to the hydrometric parameters of the hydraulic junction section of the reservoir (upper waterworks pool) with a current speed of - (0.2-0.3) m/s and depths - (5.0-7.0) m.

2. Lack of topographical connection of the bottom of the tract of the fish passage and spawning channel with the bottom of the upper pool of the waterworks (the dam section of the reservoir) at the point where the fish exit the channel, which worsens the navigation conditions for the movement of fish with developed organs of tactile orientation in river channels.

3. An increase in the cost of construction and the cost of operating a three-channel structure of the head (for flow) or outlet (for fish) section of the fish passage and spawning channel.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the functioning of the fish passage and spawning channel for the passage of fish, by providing conditions favorable for the adaptation of fish at the outlet section of the tract.

Tasks, the solution of which ensures the achievement of the goal:

- creation of opportunities for adaptation of fish spawners that have passed along the canal tract to the high-speed and deep conditions of their habitat and movement along the hydraulic junction (near the dam) section of the reservoir;

- improvement of hydrometric conditions within the head (for flow) or outlet (for fish) section of the canal tract for access to the hydro-junction section of the reservoir for fish with developed tactile orientation;

- simplifying the design of the head (for the stream) or outlet (for fish) section of the tract of the fish passage and spawning channel, reducing its cost and operating costs.

The technical result to which the invention is aimed is to design the head (for water flow) or outlet (for fish) head (section) of the tract of the fish passage and spawning channel (from the head regulator to the point where it interfaces with the river bed) deepening and expanding in the direction the point at which fish exit or where water flows from the reservoir (upstream of the waterworks) into the canal.

The technical result is achieved through the construction of a fish passage and spawning channel, which includes an entrance head made in the direction of fish movement, a fish passage and spawning tract with areas for rest and spawning of fish, equipped with a head regulator. The section from the head regulator to the junction of the fish passage and spawning tract of the canal with the upper pool of the reservoir is made of a trapezoidal cross-section, deepening and widening, with an increasing cross-sectional area of the water flow in the direction of the fish exit.

The invention is illustrated by drawings: FIG. 1 - Plan of the fish passage and spawning channel near the waterworks; fig. 2 - Plan of the head (for stream) or outlet (for fish) head (section) of the channel; fig. 3 - Longitudinal section A-A according to Fig. 2; fig. 4 - Cross section I-I according to FIG. 2.; fig. 5 - Cross section II-II according to FIG. 2.

The numbers in Fig. 1 is indicated: 1 - the upper pool of the hydroelectric complex (the dam section of the reservoir); 2 - water control structure (dam) of the waterworks; 3 - downstream of the waterworks; 4 - entrance (for fish) head (section) of the fish passage and spawning channel; 5 - fish passage and spawning tract of the canal; 6 - resting and spawning areas for fish moving along the canal tract; 7 - head regulator; 8 - output (for fish) or head (for flow) head (section) of the channel.

The numbers in Fig. 2-5 indicated: 5 - fish passage and spawning tract of the canal; 7 - head regulator; 8 - output (for fish) or head (for flow) head (section) of the channel; 9 - bottom plate; 10 - retaining walls; 11 - sloping bottom; 12 - slopes; 1 - upper tail of the waterworks (near the dam section of the reservoir).

Letters in fig. 2-5 are indicated: L - length of the exit (for fish) section (head) of the fish passage and spawning channel, m; B ₁ , B ₂ - width of the outlet head at its junction with the upper tail of the hydroelectric complex and the head regulator of the canal, m; h ₁ , h ₂ - depth of water flow at the junction of the outlet section with the bottom of the reservoir and the regulator, m; i _pr - longitudinal slope of the bottom of the outlet head; m - laying of slopes; v ₁ , v ₂ - flow velocities corresponding to the points where the outlet head meets the upper tail of the hydroelectric complex and the head regulator of the canal, m/s.

The design and hydraulic parameters of the head (for flow) or outlet (for fish) section of the fish passage and spawning channel are determined according to the calculation sequence (methodology) given below.

According to FIG. 2-5, the water flow flowing through the spans of the head regulator of the fish passage and spawning channel and its outlet (for fish) head (section) obeys the law of equal costs (1):

Where: - area of the live cross-section of the outlet head at its junction with the bottom of the upper pool of the hydroelectric complex (reservoir bed), m ² ;

- water depth in the inlet (for flow) and outlet (for fish) hydrological section of the outlet section of the fish passage and spawning channel, m;

v ₁ is the average velocity of the water flow over the live section at the junction of the outlet head of the canal with the bed of the upper pool of the hydroelectric complex, m ² ;

- area of the live cross-section of the flow flowing through the head regulatory structure of the fish passage and spawning channel, m ² ;

- depth of the water flow at the junction of the outlet (for fish) section with the head regulator of the fish passage and spawning channel, m;

v ₂ - average current speed at the junction of the head (for fish) head with the regulatory structure of the fish passage and spawning channel, m/s.

When hydraulically calculating the outlet head of a fish passage and spawning channel, the value of the average flow velocity at the site where it interfaces with the upper pool of the hydroelectric complex ( v ₁ , m/s) is taken to be the average value of that at the reservoir sites located close to it.

With known design ( ω ₂ , m ² ) and hydraulic ( v ₂ , m/s) parameters of the interface between the outlet section of the canal and the head regulator, the area of the outlet (for fish) area is determined , m ² (2):

The width of the bottom of the outlet head of the fish passage and spawning channel at its junction with the reservoir is determined by formula (3):

The length of the head (for the stream) or outlet (for fish) section of the fish passage and spawning channel is determined from the relation (4):

- difference (difference) in bottom marks in the upstream and downstream sections of the exit (for fish) head (section) of the fish passage and spawning channel, m;

i _pr - the longitudinal slope of the bottom of the outlet (for fish) or the head (for a stream) head (section) is taken in the range of values from 1° to 6°.

The fish passage and spawning channel (Fig. 1) with the outlet (for fish) head (section) expanding in plan outline and deepening in its length (Fig. 2-5) is designed as follows.

The fish passage and spawning channel (Fig. 1) in the lower (for the water flow) part is equipped with an entrance (for the fish) head (section) 4, made of a dock structure made of reinforced concrete and tapering (in the direction of the water flow) in plan, which in its upper (downstream) part is connected to the fish passage and spawning tract of channel 5, equipped along the length with rest and spawning areas for fish moving along the channel tract 6. The fish passage and spawning tract of channel 5 is connected to the head regulator 7, which, in turn, has a structural connection with outlet (for fish) or head (for flow) head (section) of channel 8.

The outlet (for fish) head (section) of the channel 8 (Fig. 2-5) is made expanding in plan outline and has a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape and includes a sloping bottom 11, slopes 12 and an approach (for water flow) section, including a bottom plate 9 , arranged with a slope equal to the slope of the bottom 11 and retaining walls 10. At the same time, the sloped bottom 11 and slopes 12 of the outlet (for fish) or head (for the flow) head (section) of the channel 8 are associated with the bottom and slopes of the upstream waterworks ( reservoir) 1. At the junction of the outlet (for fish) or head (for the flow) head (section) of channel 8 with the upper pool of the waterworks (reservoir) 1, the average speed of the water flow corresponds to the value averaged over nearby sites of the upper pool of the waterworks (reservoirs) 1. In the downstream (for flow) section, the outlet (for fish) or head (for flow) head (section) of the channel 8, retaining walls 10 and bottom plate 9 are connected to the head regulator 7, located in the head (for water flow ) part of the fish passage and spawning tract of channel 5. The average speed of the water flow in this section is equal to the average speed of the current in the fish passage and spawning tract of channel 5 (spans of the head regulator 7). A variable and smoothly increasing cross-sectional area along the length (in the direction of movement of fish) of the outlet (for fish) or head (for flow) head (section) of the channel provides the technical opportunity for a systematic reduction in the speed of the water flow and an increase in depths in its sections, as the movement of migrating fish to the upper tail of the hydroelectric complex (reservoir) 1, which allows them to rebuild (adapt) to the transition to new hydrometric conditions of the aquatic habitat and further movement.

The use of a fishway-spawning channel equipped with an outlet (for fish) or a head (for the flow) head (section) of channel 8, arranged in its head part, ensures a systematic adaptation of fish migrating along the fishway-spawning tract of channel 5 to the hydrometric conditions of the upper pool of the waterworks (reservoirs) 1, eliminating the possibility of their disorientation from the direction of migration movement. At the same time, the need to construct three different-sized autonomous channels (provided for by the prototype) is eliminated, thereby reducing the costs of constructing and operating a fish passage and spawning channel.

Claims (1)

A fishway and spawning channel, including an entrance head made in the direction of fish movement, a fishway and spawning tract with areas for rest and spawning of fish, equipped with a head regulator, characterized in that the section from the head regulator to the junction of the fishway and spawning tract of the canal with the upper pool of the reservoir is made trapezoidal cross-section, deepening and widening, with an increasing cross-sectional area of the water flow in the direction of the fish exit.