RU2288988C1 - Fish guide - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fish facilities designed to pass spawners through retaining structures to places of spawning and fattening. Proposed fish guide contains fish guide slots with prismatic cross section made in bottom of headrace of lower pond arranged at acute angle to longitudinal axis of fish facility, and device to feed additional water into inner space of slots furnished with bottom galleries and stream-forming heads. End face parts of slots adjoining inlet of trough-fish storage communicate with the latter through channels with bottom inclined in direction of lower pond. End face parts of slots pointed to lower pond are connected with fish channels arranged along each bank edge of headrace of lower pond parallel to bank edge. Downstream sides of bottom sills are made parallel to fish guide slots are installed before slots. Upper end face part of bottom sills adjoins inlet part of trough-fish storage, and lower end face part of bottom sills adjoins bank edge of headrace of lower pond.

EFFECT: provision of hydraulic conditions in zone of fish guide providing effective movement of fish to inlet of fish facility.

11 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, in particular to fish passage facilities designed to allow fish producers to pass through retaining structures to spawning and feeding grounds.

Known fish guide device [1], including tactile fish tracks, made in plan in the form of rays diverging from the entrance to the fish tray, towards the downstream at different angles, and roughness elements forming the outer working surface of the tactile tracks.

The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of the impact on bottom fish, as well as the high probability of entering tracks by sediment.

Known fish guide device [2], including fish guide slots with a prismatic cross-section, made in the bottom of the supply channel of the lower pool of the waterworks, located at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the fish passage structure, while the slots along their length are made with different widths, and the smallest width they are adjacent to the entrance to the fish tray.

The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of fish movement along the slots, as well as the high probability of entering slots with sediment.

Known fish guide device [3], including fish guide slots with a prismatic cross-section, made in the bottom of the supply channel of the lower pool of the waterworks, located at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the fish passage structure, bottom sills located above the slots, parallel to them.

The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of fish movement along the slots, as well as the high probability of entering slots with sediment.

Known fish guide device [4], including a bottom fish guide ledge, the edge of which forms a fish feed channel, the initial section of which is adjacent to the coastal edge of the supply channel of the lower pool, and the end section is adjacent to the input part of the fish storage tray.

The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of promoting fish along the slots.

Known fish guide device [5], including a bottom fish guide ledge, the edge of which forms a fish feed channel, the initial section of which is adjacent to the coastal edge of the supply channel of the lower pool, and the end section adjoins the input part of the fish storage tray, fish guide slots made in the body of the inclined ramp the bottom of the fish storage tray, and the bottom of the downstream supply channel, means for supplying an additional flow rate to the internal space of the slots, made in the form of bottom galleries connected by gates to the upper pool, and outlet openings made in the side walls of the slots.

The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of the slots due to their local impact in the area of the input section of the tray-fish collector.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a fish guide device [6], including fish guide slots with a prismatic cross-section, made at the bottom of the supply channel of the lower pool of the waterworks, located at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the fish passage structure, while the end parts of the slots adjacent to the entrance to the fish storage tray, communicated with it through channels, the bottom of which is made inclined towards the downstream, and means for supplying additional flow ode into the inner space of the slits, provided with a bottom galleries and jet forming nozzles, wherein nozzles communicate with the galleries, which are connected with the gate headrace waterworks, with nozzles arranged in the bottom of the slots and are oriented toward the downstream.

The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency.

The aim of the invention is the creation of effective hydraulic conditions in the area of the location of the fish-guiding device, providing effective promotion of fish to the entrance to the fish passage structure.

The invention consists in the following.

According to claim 1 of the claims. The supply of the fish-guiding device with fish-feeding channels and bottom sills allows to increase the range of influence of the fish-guiding slots and to increase the efficiency of attracting bottom fish species to the fish storage tray. The connection of the end parts of the slots facing the downstream side with the inner space of the fish feed channels creates favorable conditions for the unhindered passage of fish from the fish feed channels into the slots and further into the fish storage tray of the fish passage structure.

The implementation of fish supply channels located along the coastal edge of the supply channel of the lower pool of the hydrosystem, parallel to it, makes it possible to maximize the efficiency of attracting bottom fish species, the migration routes of which mainly lie along the river banks (supply channel of the lower pool). In addition, at low water levels of the downstream basin, under conditions of increased flow velocities in the supply channel, bottom fish are in the most favorable conditions, since they have the possibility of unhindered and guaranteed passage to the target section of the entrance part of the fish storage channel, moving along the fish supply channels and slots.

Fulfillment of bottom sills parallel to the fish-guiding slots and installed in front of them (from the spillway of the waterworks), the upper end part of the bottom sills adjacent to the input part of the fish storage tray, and the lower end of the bottom sills adjacent to the coastal edge of the supply channel of the lower pool of the waterworks the effect of the movement of bottom fish to the entrance of the fish-storage tray. Bottom rapids are a tactile guideline for the promotion of bottom fish species, in addition, they form a longitudinally helical current along their entire length, which contributes to the release of a stream attracting fish in the bottom horizons. Fulfillment of bottom rapids with overlapping bottom horizons from the fish storage tray to the coastal edge of the supply channel allows creating a reliable fish-guiding tool and, in addition, at low water levels in the downstream bottom thresholds serve as a barrier dam, the flow rate at the spillway of which will be insurmountable for migratory fish.

According to claim 2 of the claims. Fulfillment of bottom sills, the height of which is constant along their length, makes it possible to ensure equally probable conditions for the fish to move and for the flow to flow both above the threshold and along it.

According to claim 3 of the claims. The implementation of bottom thresholds with uneven height allows you to change the intensity along the threshold current in a given direction.

According to claim 4 of the claims. Fulfillment of the height of the bottom thresholds, increasing in the direction of the input part of the fish storage tray, allows creating favorable conditions for the fish to pass along the thresholds, gradually decreasing the intensity along the threshold current and bringing the fish to the gradient that attracts the flow rate supplied from the fish storage tray. In this case, the maximum intensity along the threshold current will be observed in the area where the height of the bottom thresholds is minimal.

According to claim 5, claims. Fulfillment of the height of the bottom rapids, increasing in the direction from the input part of the fish storage tray to the coastal edge of the supply channel of the lower pool of the waterworks, allows the formation of boundary conditions for the distribution of the flow, which, against the background of the hydraulics of the lower pool, increase the efficiency of the fish-guiding effect. In this case, the intensity along the threshold current increases in the direction of the input part of the fish-storage tray.

According to claim 6, claims. The implementation of the width of the fish-feeding channels, increasing in the direction of the downstream of the hydraulic system, allows not only to expand the range of their influence on the flow of the downstream, but also to increase the efficiency of the entry of migrating fish into their inner space.

According to claim 7 of the claims. The supply of the fish-guiding device with additional jet-forming nozzles located in the bottom of the fish feed channels and oriented towards the lower pool allows increasing the intensity of attracting bottom fish species, as well as ensuring the washing of the fish feed channels from sediment.

According to claims 8 to 11 of the claims. The implementation of the cross section of the slots and fish channels of the ovoid, rectangular, triangular or trapezoidal shape, are various options for the formation of the cross section of these paths.

The solution to this problem is achieved by creating a new design of a fish-directing device. Graphic material that explains the essence of the invention is presented in the following figures:

figure 1 - fish guide device, the plan of the inlet of the fish passage structure;

figure 2 is a cross section of the supply channel of the lower pool, view of the bottom sills;

figure 3 is the same, a variant of bottom rapids with a height decreasing towards the downstream;

figure 4 is the same, a variant of the bottom thresholds with a height decreasing to the inlet of the tray-fish tank;

5 is a fish guide device, isometry;

6 is a variant of the connection of the lower end part of the bottom threshold with the slope of the supply channel, isometry;

7 is a fish guide device, isometry, a variant with a fish-feeding channel expanding towards the downstream;

Fig - fish-guiding device, isometry, a variant with a bottom threshold, the height of which decreases towards the downstream;

Fig.9 is the same, an option with a bottom threshold, the height of which decreases to the inlet of the tray-fish tank;

figure 10 is a cross section of a slot;

11 is the same, the slot is made with a triangular cross section;

Fig - the same, the slot is made with a trapezoidal cross-section;

Fig - the same, the slot is made with an ovoid cross-section;

Fig. 14 is a fish guide device, plan, jet forming nozzles are shown;

Fig.15 is a section aa in Fig.14;

Fig - fish guide device, isometry, a variant of the slots and fish feed channels made in the cross section of a trapezoidal shape;

Fig - the same option with a bottom threshold, the height of which decreases towards the downstream.

The fish-guiding device includes fish-guiding slots 1 with a prismatic cross-section, made in the bottom of the supply channel 2 of the downstream of the waterworks, located at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the fish passage structure, while the end parts of the slots 1 adjacent to the entrance to the fish storage tray 3 are in communication with it by means of channels, the bottom of which is inclined towards the downstream, and means for supplying an additional flow of water into the internal space of the slots 1, equipped with bottom galleries 4 and ueformiruyuschimi nozzles 5, the nozzles 5 are in communication with galleries 4 which are connected to valves (not shown) from the upper reach of hydro, wherein the nozzles 5 located in the bottom of the slots 1 and are oriented toward the downstream.

The device is equipped with fish feed channels 6 and bottom sills 7, while the end parts of the slots 1 facing the downstream side are connected to the fish feed channels 6 located parallel to it along the coastal edge of the supply channel 2 of the lower body of the water system, and the bottom thresholds 7 are parallel to the fish guide the slots 1 and are installed in front of them, with the upper end part of the bottom sills 7 adjacent to the input part of the fish tray 3, and the lower end part of the bottom sills 7 adjacent to the coastal edge of the bottom dyaschego channel 2 downstream hydroelectric.

In addition, the height of the bottom sills 7 can be made constant along their length.

In addition, the bottom sills 7 can be made with uneven height.

In addition, the height of the bottom sills 7 may increase in the direction of the inlet of the tray-fish tank 3.

In addition, the height of the bottom rapids 7 may decrease in the direction from the inlet of the fish storage tray 3 to the coastal edge of the supply channel 2 of the lower tail of the waterworks.

In addition, the width of the fish feed channels 6 may increase in the direction of the downstream of the waterworks.

In addition, it can be equipped with additional jet-forming nozzles 8 located in the bottom of the fish feed channels 6 and oriented towards the downstream.

In addition, the cross section of the slots 1 and fish feed channels 6 can be made ovoid in shape.

In addition, the cross section of the slots 1 and fish feed channels 6 can be made rectangular.

In addition, the cross section of the slots 1 and fish feed channels 6 can be made triangular in shape.

In addition, the cross section of the slots 1 and fish feed channels 6 can be made trapezoidal.

Fish guide device operates as follows.

In the process of attracting fish from the downstream search zone, bottom fish species can move along the fish feed channels 6 located along the coastal edge of the feed channel 2, through which migrants have the opportunity to move to the fish-guiding slots 1 and further to the entrance to the fish storage tray 3. From the slots 1 the fish gets directly into the fish passage structure, due to the presence of channels connecting the end parts of the slots 1 with the inner space of the fish storage tray (Fig. 1). The location of the slots 1, overlapping the space from the coastal edge to the fish tray 3 (Fig. 1), allows you to expand the influence zone of the fish-guiding device and, accordingly, increase the efficiency of attracting fish from the entire width of the supply channel 2.

In addition, at low water levels of the downstream basin, in conditions of increased flow rates in the supply channel 2, bottom fish are in the most favorable conditions, since they have the possibility of an unhindered and guaranteed passage to the target section of the input part of the fish storage channel 3, moving along fish feed channels 6 and fish guide slots 1.

The implementation of the bottom sills 7 parallel to the fish-guiding slots 1 and installed in front of them (from the spillway of the waterworks), the upper end part of the bottom sills 7 adjacent to the input of the tray-fish tank 3, and the lower end part of the bottom sills 7 adjacent to the coastal edge of the supply channel 2 the downstream of the waterworks, allows you to enhance the effect of the movement of bottom fish to the input part of the fish tank. Bottom sills 7 are a tactile guideline for the promotion of bottom fish species, in addition, they form a longitudinally helical current along their entire length, which contributes to the release of a stream attracting fish in the bottom horizons. Fulfillment of bottom rapids 7 with overlapping bottom horizons from the fish storage tray 3 to the coastal edge of the supply channel 2, allows you to create a reliable fish-guiding tool and, in addition, at low water levels in the downstream bottom thresholds 7 act as a barrier dam, the flow rate of which will be irresistible for migratory fish.

The operation of the fish guide device is possible with a constant supply of additional water flow into the jet forming nozzles 5, while inside the fish guide slots 1 a fish attracting flow with a predetermined speed mode is formed. In addition, hydraulic jets from jet-forming nozzles 5 facilitate the washing of the fish-guide slots 1 from the sediment load. A variant of the periodic operation of the jet-forming nozzles 5 is possible, while the regulation (on / off) of the supply of an additional water flow rate is done by gates (not shown) of the bottom galleries 4.

A possible embodiment of the bottom sills 7, the height of which is constant along their length (Fig. 2), which allows to provide equally probable conditions for the fish to move and for the flow to flow both above the bottom sills 7 and along them.

A possible embodiment of the bottom sills 7 with uneven height (Fig.3 and 4), which allows you to change the intensity along the threshold current in a given direction.

A possible embodiment of the height of the bottom thresholds 7, increasing in the direction of the input part of the fish storage tray 3 (Fig. 3), which allows you to create favorable conditions for the passage of fish along the bottom thresholds 7, gradually reducing the intensity along the threshold flow and bringing the fish to a gradient that attracts the flow velocity, fed from the fish storage tray 3. In this case, the maximum intensity along the threshold current will be observed in the area where the height of the bottom thresholds is 7 minimum.

A possible embodiment of the height of the bottom rapids 7, increasing in the direction from the inlet of the fish tank 3 to the coastal edge of the inlet channel 2 of the downstream of the waterworks (Fig. 4), which allows you to create boundary conditions for the distribution of flow, which against the background of the downstream hydraulics increase the efficiency of the fish effect. In this case, the intensity along the threshold current increases in the direction of the inlet part of the fish storage tray 3.

A possible embodiment of the width of the fish-feeding channels 6, increasing in the direction of the downstream of the waterworks (Fig. 7), which allows not only to expand the range of their influence on the downstream, but also to increase the efficiency of the entry of migrating fish into their internal space.

A variant is possible when the fish-guiding device is equipped with additional jet-forming nozzles 8 (Fig. 14) located in the bottom of the fish-feeding channels 6 and oriented towards the downstream. The supply of additional water flow from the upper pool through the bottom galleries 4 allows you to increase the intensity of attraction of bottom fish species, as well as to ensure the washing of fish feed channels 6 from sediment.

The implementation of the cross section of the fish guide slots 1 and fish feed channels 6 ovoid (Fig.13), rectangular (Fig.10), triangular (Fig.11) or trapezoidal shape (Fig.12) are various options for the formation of the cross section of these paths.

The proposed fish guide device allows you to control the modes of attracting bottom fish and can be used as part of the input heads of fish passages, fish passage and spawning canals, fish lifts and fish passage locks.

Information sources

1. Malevanchik B.S. and Nikonorov I.V. "Fish passage and fish protection structures". - M.:, Light and food industry, 1984, p. 163, Fig. 57.

2. Malevanchik B.S. and Nikonorov I.V. "Fish passage and fish protection structures". - M.:, Light and food industry, 1984, p. 106, Fig. 34.

3. A.S. USSR No. 1055814 (USSR). "Fishing passage". IPC E 02 B 8/08. Malevanchik B.S., Publ. 11/23/83. B.I. Number 43

4. A.S. USSR No. 1463854 (USSR). "Device for passing fish through a spillway dam." IPC E 02 B 8/08. Shkura V.N., Chistyakov A.A., Yatsino S.L., Publ. 03/07/89. B.I. Number 9.

5. A.S. USSR No. 1463854 (USSR). "Device for passing fish through a spillway dam." IPC E 02 B 8/08. Shkura V.N., Chistyakov A.A., Yatsino S.L., Cherkasov V.A., Publ. 10/15/90. B.I. Number 38.

6. RF patent No. 2245416 (RU). "Fish-guiding device of a fish passage structure". IPC E 02 B 8/08. Chistyakov A.A., Shkura V.N., Vanzha V.V., Publ. 01/27/2005. B.I. Number 3.

Claims (11)

1. A fish guide device, including fish guide slots with a prismatic cross-section, made in the bottom of the supply channel of the downstream of the waterworks, located at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the fish passage structure, while the end parts of the slots adjacent to the entrance to the fish storage tray are communicated with it through channels, the bottom of which is inclined towards the downstream, and means for supplying an additional flow of water into the internal space of the slots, equipped with bottom galleries and forming nozzles, the nozzles communicating with galleries that are connected by gates to the upper pool of the hydraulic system, while the nozzles are located in the bottom of the slots and are oriented towards the lower pool, characterized in that it is equipped with fish feed channels and bottom thresholds, while the end parts of the slots, facing the downstream side, connected to the fish supply channels located along each coastal edge of the supply channel of the lower pool of the waterworks, parallel to it, and the bottom sills are made parallel There are flax fish-guiding slots and are installed in front of them, with the upper end part of the bottom rapids adjoining the input part of the fish storage tray, and the lower end part of the bottom rapids adjacent to the coastal edge of the supply channel of the lower tail of the waterworks. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the bottom sills is made constant along their length. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom sills are made with uneven height. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the height of the bottom thresholds increases in the direction of the input part of the fish storage tray. 5. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the height of the bottom rapids increases in the direction from the inlet of the fish storage tray to the coastal edge of the supply channel of the lower tail of the waterworks. 6. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the width of the fish feed channels increases in the direction of the downstream of the waterworks. 7. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is equipped with additional jet-forming nozzles located in the bottom of the fish feed channels and oriented towards the downstream. 8. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cross section of the slots and fish feed channels is made ovoid in shape. 9. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cross-section of the slots and fish feed channels is rectangular. 10. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cross section of the slots and fish feed channels is made triangular in shape. 11. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cross section of the slots and fish feed channels is made in a trapezoidal shape.

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