RU84866U1 - PES FISHER - Google Patents

Abstract

1. The fish passage of the tidal power plant (PES), including a culvert with a regulator of the flow rate of water in it, characterized in that the regulator of the flow rate is made in the form of a system of symmetrically located and equally streamlined landmarks and shelters in opposite directions. ! 2. Fish walkway PES according to claim 1, characterized in that the landmarks and shelters consist of separate walls with floating windows equipped with symmetrical guide elements. ! 3. PES fish passage according to claim 2, characterized in that the swim-in windows of the separate walls are framed by jet-forming nozzles symmetrically directed in opposite directions.

Description

The utility model relates to hydraulic engineering and can be used to ensure the passage of fish and other aquatic organisms (hydrobionts) through the target of a tidal power plant (PES).

A distinctive feature of the provision of free migrations of fish and other aquatic organisms through the target of a marine PES from spawning fish passage through river waterworks is that in the sea and in its bay, blocked by the PES, hydrobionts make mainly feeding and pre-spawning migrations, during which they still lead marine lifestyle. Hydrobionts move in the direction necessary for them, using the features of the tidal character of the sea currents, i.e. can move both towards and with the flow. At the same time, the priority for them is not the direction of the speed of the sea currents, but the need to reach areas of the water area with certain properties (geographical location and forage of the site, its salinity, the “smell of the native river” and other qualitative characteristics of the water and its course). At the same time, the speed of the sea current must be overcome for migrants.

Known trough fish passage (see SNiP 2.06.07-87 "Retaining walls, shipping locks, culverts and fish protection structures" Gosstroy of the USSR, Moscow, 1987, drawing 1, p.24), including a culvert, the flow rate in which is regulated using artificial roughness of the surface of the tract, ensuring its extinction.

In addition, the fish passage is known, made according to the Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2342485, IPC8 ЕOВВ 8/08, published on December 27, 2008, B.I. No. 36, including a culvert, the flow rate regulator in which are jet-forming nozzles framing the swim-in windows and directed towards the transit stream. The regulation of the flow rate is carried out here using the water jets supplied from the nozzles, which create hydraulic resistance to the transit flow.

Closest to the proposed technical solution is a fish passage according to A.S. USSR No. 1557249 Е02В 8/08 published on 04/15/90, B.I. 14, the speed controller of which is a system of split walls with inlet windows equipped with guide elements. Multi-strand blocks with a different number of marching chambers in each thread are formed from a system of separate walls. Due to this, the difference between the downstream areas is distributed into cascades of local differences. At the same time, depending on the level difference existing on the hydraulic unit, a cascade of surmountable differences is created in one of the threads. Longitudinal walls and fenders are used to form the optimal migration route along the fish passage.

These technical solutions are designed to organize the independent passage of hydrobionts from the lower pool of the hydraulic system to the upper pool. In the tidal conditions of the TEC, when the fish run in cycles, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of unhindered migration of hydrobionts through its target in both directions, both for spawning and feeding from the sea to the pool and river, and for feeding from the pool to the sea.

The aim of the invention is to provide the possibility of unimpeded migration of aquatic organisms through the target PES in both directions.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the PES fish passage including a culvert with a water flow rate regulator in it, the current speed regulator is made in the form of a system of symmetrically located and equally streamlined landmarks and shelters that flow in opposite directions, which consist of separate walls with flood windows equipped with symmetrical guiding elements. Swim windows of separate walls are framed by jet-forming nozzles symmetrically directed in opposite directions.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows the fish pass PES, a longitudinal section, and figure 2 is the same in plan.

The fish passage includes a culvert 1, in which a speed controller 2 is located, which is made in the form of a system of symmetrically located and equally streamlined landmarks and shelters in opposite directions. Landmarks and shelters consist of separate walls 3 with inlet windows 4 and guiding elements 5. On the sides of the culvert path 1 there are inclined ramps 6 that serve to interface it with the bottom of the reservoir and are equipped with bottom landmarks and shelters 7. If, by design and layout conditions, there are direct pairing of ramps 6 with the bottom is impossible; additional ramps 8 are arranged at the bottom of the reservoir.

The speed controller 2 may also contain symmetrically directed to opposite sides of the jet-forming nozzle, which is framed by the swim-in windows 4 of the separate walls 3.

The work of the PES fish passage is based on the use of the features of fish migrations in sea bays and is as follows.

Making fodder or spawning migrations from the sea to the gulf and the river or, conversely, from the gulf to the sea, fish and other aquatic organisms approach the PES waterworks. At the same time, they move, adhering to the coastline, or in sea currents, the speeds of which are optimal for migrations. Therefore, before the PES, migration routes pass either along the coast and further along a dead dam in the direction of aggregate blocks, or along the distribution boundary of a water plume formed by a working PES. In both cases, migration routes pass in the area where the dead dam adjoins the PES building. It is here that the entrance to the fish passage is located. To simplify the location in the waterworks gauge, the entrance of the fish passage is equipped with an additional ramp 8 located across the coastal migration path of hydrobionts and is a visual-tactile, as well as a re-gradient landmark along which an attracting plume extends.

The tidal character of the sea currents in the PES section and, in fact, the principle of its operation, imply that the hydroelectric system head-ups periodically change places, i.e. during high tide, the sea water level is higher than the pool water level and, conversely, during low tide, the sea water level is lower than the pool water level. This ensures the frequency of water flow through the target in opposite directions, respectively, from the sea to the basin and, conversely, from the basin to the sea.

Due to the symmetry of the execution and placement of structural and functional elements of the speed controller 2, the fish passage works equally in both directions, i.e. provides passage of fish from the sea to the pool, and, conversely, from the pool to the sea. At the same time, tidal sea currents through the TEC target, hydrobionts are used either as a re-gradient attracting landmark for movement against the current, or as a vehicle for movements with the lowest energy costs.

Fish passage works as follows.

In the culvert 1, the difference between the levels of the downstream areas is evenly distributed on the separate walls 3, and in the inlet windows 4 a flow is organized at speeds that provide free and safe passage of migrants from the downstream area to the downstream area. At the same time, they can move against the current that attracts them, whose speed does not exceed surmountable values, or slide in a concurrent flow whose speed does not exceed safe values.

In the presence of a difference between the downstream waters, water flows from the upper downstream to the lower along the culvert 1 and forms a flow spreading in the lower downstream, serving as a re-gradient reference for migrants who, adhering to the boundary of the attracting current from the PES or moving along the coastline, are concentrated at ramp 8, which is visual-tactile landmark. Attracted by the flow, migrants from the zone of their accumulation enter the device and along the optimal route formed by the system of guide elements 5 pass independently into the upper pool. At the same time or during other periods of the mild-rolling and feeding cycles in the upper pool, migrants gathered at the opposite ramp 8 in the drainage stream are drawn into the device and rolled down into the lower pool. In this case, the optimal route of their downhill migrations is formed by the symmetrical guide elements 5.

When the difference between the downstream flows changes, the optimal speed mode is set in another thread and the migrants who approach the device’s entrance enter it for further passage through the TEC target.

The use of landmarks and shelters makes it possible to provide favorable conditions for a long stay of migrants in tract 1 in anticipation of the formation of an optimal flow regime in it with regular fluctuations in the level difference at the hydroelectric complex. So, with an increase in the difference between the downstream areas, which leads to an increase in the flow velocity in the culvert 1 above the overcomeable values, migrants can wait for the unfavorable period without slipping from the path 1, dropping to shelters 7 of the ramp 6, directly above which the flow velocity is lower than the speed in the upper swimming windows 4.

When comparing the levels of the downstream areas, the difference between them decreases and the speed of the attracting current in the swim-in windows 4 decreases, which allows migrants with lower energy costs to finish moving along path 1, and for the migrants to switch to the active ramp and independently leave it.

When the direction of the flow of water is reversed, migrants accumulated at the ramps 8 and predisposed to move in the necessary direction in the specified way (independently against the flow or passively downstream) pass through the culvert path 1 in the right direction.

When executing the speed controller 2 in the form of separate walls 3 with inlet windows 4 framed by jet-forming nozzles directed in opposite directions, the supply of water jets allows creating a more comfortable mode of attracting flow in the path 1, at the moment when the levels of downstream waters are compared, and the flow velocity decrease below threshold values, or, conversely, when the difference between the pools exceeds the calculated one and cannot be evenly distributed on the cascade of surmountable local differences by static elements of the controller speed 2. In addition, the use of water jets that create hydraulic resistance to the transit flow, allows you to increase the surmountable drop on the separate walls 3 and, thereby, reduce their number, which is important with a limited length of the path 1, located in the site TEC.

Thus, the implementation of the speed controller of the culvert with symmetrically executed and placed structural and functional elements makes it possible to equally efficiently organize the passage of migrants through the VES target in both directions in accordance with their current preferences.

Claims (3)

1. The fish passage of the tidal power plant (PES), including a culvert with a regulator of the flow rate of water in it, characterized in that the regulator of the flow rate is made in the form of a system of symmetrically located and equally streamlined landmarks and shelters in opposite directions. 2. Fish walkway PES according to claim 1, characterized in that the landmarks and shelters consist of separate walls with floating windows equipped with symmetrical guide elements. 3. PES fish passage according to claim 2, characterized in that the swim-in windows of the separate walls are framed by jet-forming nozzles symmetrically directed in opposite directions.