RU2245419C1 - Pool-type fish pass - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hydraulic works designed for passing fish spawners through retaining facilities to places of spawning and fattening. Proposed pool-type fish pass includes fish conduit with inlet and outlet heads made in form of channel with longitudinal slope and with cross section of prismatic form connecting lower and upper ponds of hydraulic works, fish resting basins, arranged discretely over length of fish conduit and connected with sections of channel, and feed unit from side of upper pond. Sections of channel of fish conduit between basins are provided with one or several longitudinal partitions dividing them into independent channels made with different longitudinal slopes. Top mark of each longitudinal partition is higher than water level mark in channel.

EFFECT: provision of hydraulic conditions contributing to effective movement of fish over length of fish pass.

13 cl, 24 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, in particular to fish passage facilities designed to allow fish producers to pass through retaining structures to spawning and feeding grounds.

Known fish passage [1], including a fish passage tract, made in the form of a channel channel with pools for relaxing fish.

The disadvantage of this fish passage is the low efficiency of the passage of fish into the upper pool due to the lack of optimal hydraulic conditions for the movement of fish along the fish passage.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a fish passage [2], including a fish passage tract with inlet and outlet heads, made in the form of a channel with a longitudinal slope and with a prismatic cross-section that connects the lower and upper pools of the waterworks, swimming pools for fish relaxation, discretely located along the length of the fish passage tract and connected to portions of the channel, a power supply unit arranged from the upstream side.

The disadvantage of this fish passage is the low efficiency of fish movement along the fish passage path.

The aim of the invention is the creation of effective hydraulic conditions in the fish passage, providing effective promotion of fish along the length of the fish passage.

The invention consists in the following.

According to claim 1 of the claims. The supply of channel sections located between the pools, longitudinal partitions allows the formation of autonomous channels. The implementation of the bottom of these channels with a different longitudinal slope allows you to create fish passageways with different speed structure, which allows the fish to choose a suitable channel with the corresponding speed structure. In addition, at the entrance to the pool (pond), a re-gradient velocity diagram is formed, in which there is a wide range of speeds for choosing fish with different swimming ability (Figs. 22 and 23).

According to claim 2 of the claims. The implementation of the longitudinal walls on the longitudinal axis of the fish passage tract allows you to form two autonomous channels of equal quality (Fig. 16).

According to claim 3 of the claims. The implementation of the fish passage tract with several longitudinal partitions (for example, with two partitions) allows you to expand the range of created hydraulic conditions (flow rates), in the presence of which the fish has an additional incentive to move along the fish passage path (figure 2, 3, 22 and 23).

According to claim 4 of the claims. The supply of longitudinal partitions with fish-guiding devices, from the downstream side, makes it possible to provoke fish previously located in the whirlpool zones in the basins, to attract and direct it into the fish passage (Fig. 24).

According to claim 5, the claims. The implementation of the fish-guiding device in the form of a curved wall with a wall height higher than the depth of the water in the channel, allows you to fully form the attracting flow, distributed along the coastal edges of the pool (figure 10).

According to claim 6, claims. The implementation of the fish-guiding device in the form of bottom curvilinear thresholds, convex side facing the downstream, improves the efficiency of attracting bottom fish species concentrated in the pool. In addition, part of the transit flow spreads above the upper threshold and enters the pool without changing its path (Fig. 11).

According to claim 7 of the claims. The implementation of the Central autonomous channel with the maximum allowable longitudinal slope allows you to create a gradient gradient diagram of speeds, characterized by a maximum speed along the axis of the stream (Fig.22).

According to claim 8 of the claims. The implementation of the Central autonomous channel with a minimum longitudinal slope allows you to create a gradient gradient diagram of speeds, characterized by a minimum flow velocity along the axis of the fish passage tract (Fig.23).

According to claim 9, the claims. The implementation of autonomous channels with elements of enhanced roughness provides normal conditions for damping the kinetic energy of the stream and allows to reduce the total design length of the fish passage path (Fig. 12-15, Fig. 17-21).

According to claim 10 and 11 of the claims. The implementation of enhanced roughness in the form of cubes or parallelepipeds are variants of enhanced roughness intended for the effective process of quenching the kinetic energy of a stream. Moreover, in autonomous channels, a somewhat larger longitudinal slope is assumed, which allows creating increased flow rates.

According to paragraph 12 of the claims. The checkerboard arrangement of the elements of enhanced roughness to the maximum extent contributes to the effective process of quenching the excess kinetic energy of the flow (Figs. 19 and 20).

According to item 13 of the claims. The installation of reinforced roughness elements at an angle to the oncoming flow allows not only to form a gradient gradient diagram of the width of an autonomous fish passage channel, but also allows self-washing of the channel from sediment (21).

The author described in sufficient detail the proposed design of the pond fish passage and presented the constructive part of the application, illustrated with extensive graphic material, tried to describe in detail the principle of operation of the device for skipping fish, and also revealed the essence of the invention, which leaves the examination with a minimum of opportunity to request additional materials. For his part, the author hopes for a constructive dialogue with expertise, which will be fruitful for both interested parties.

In general, the design features of the independent and dependent claims meet the criterion of "significant differences" and are so interconnected that they form a single creative concept.

The solution to this problem is achieved by creating a new design of the fish passage. Graphic material that explains the essence of the invention is presented in the following figures:

figure 1 - fish passage, a fragment of the plan;

figure 2 is a transverse section aa, an installation option of two longitudinal partitions;

figure 3 - the same, the Central autonomous channel is made with a minimum longitudinal slope;

figure 4 is a transverse section bB, the installation of one longitudinal partition, the value of the longitudinal slope in the autonomous channels is different;

5 is a cross section bb, a prismatic cross section of the channel of the fish passage tract;

6 is a fish passage, a fragment of the plan, a variant using fish-guiding devices;

Fig.7 is a transverse section GG in Fig.6, the central autonomous channel is made with a maximum longitudinal slope;

Fig.8 is a cross section DD in Fig.6, the central autonomous channel is made with a minimum longitudinal slope;

Fig.9 is a cross section EE in Fig.6, a prismatic section;

figure 10 - fish guide wall, isometry;

11 - fish guide bottom threshold, isometry;

Fig - cross section of a fish passage channel with installed elements of enhanced roughness in the form of cubes, the Central autonomous channel is made with a maximum longitudinal slope;

Fig - cross section of the fish passage channel with installed elements of enhanced roughness in the form of cubes, the Central autonomous channel is made with a minimum longitudinal slope;

Fig - cross section of the fish passage channel with installed elements of enhanced roughness in the form of parallelepipeds, the central autonomous channel is made with a maximum longitudinal slope;

Fig - cross section of a fish passage channel with installed elements of enhanced roughness in the form of parallelepipeds, the central autonomous channel is made with a minimum longitudinal slope;

Fig - cross section of the fish passage channel with a longitudinal partition mounted on the longitudinal axis of the fish passage path;

Fig - the same option with installed elements of enhanced roughness in the form of cubes;

Fig. 18 is the same, an embodiment with installed elements of reinforced roughness in the form of parallelepipeds;

Fig. 19 is a fragment of a plan of a fish passage, a variant of a chessboard installation of reinforced roughness elements in the form of cubes;

Fig is a fragment of the plan of the fish passage, a variant of the chessboard installation of elements of enhanced roughness in the form of parallelepipeds;

Fig.21 is a fragment of the plan of the fish passage, the installation option of the elements of enhanced roughness in the form of parallelepipeds at an acute angle to the incoming flow;

Fig is a fragment of the plan of the fish passage, the pairing of the autonomous channels with the pool, the central autonomous channel is made with a maximum longitudinal slope;

Fig is a fragment of the plan of the fish passage, pairing the autonomous channels with the pool, the central autonomous channel is made with a minimum longitudinal slope;

Fig is a fragment of the plan of the fish passage, the pairing of autonomous channels with the pool, a variant with fish-guiding devices.

The fish passage includes a fish passage tract 1 with an inlet and an outlet head, made in the form of a channel with a longitudinal slope and with a prismatic cross-section connecting the lower and upper water bodies of the waterworks, fish rest pools 2, discretely located along the length of the fish passage tract 1 and connected to the channel sections , power supply unit arranged from the upstream side. The sections of the channel of the fish passage tract 1 located between the pools 2 are equipped with longitudinal partitions 3 dividing them into autonomous channels 4, while the autonomous channels 4 are made with different longitudinal slopes, and the mark of the top of the longitudinal partitions is higher than the water level in the channel.

In addition, the longitudinal partition 3 can be located on the longitudinal axis of the fish passage 1.

In addition, portions of the channel of the fish passage tract 1, located between the pools 2, can be made with several longitudinal partitions 3.

In addition, the end parts of the longitudinal partitions 3 adjacent to the shores of the channel and facing the downstream can be equipped with a fish guide 5 located in the pool 2.

In addition, the fish guide device 5 can be made in the form of curved walls, the convex side facing the downstream side, with the mark of the top of the guide walls above the water level.

In addition, the fish guide device 5 can be made in the form of curved bottom sills with the convex side facing the downstream.

In addition, the Central autonomous channel 4, located along the longitudinal axis of the fish passage 1, can be performed with a maximum longitudinal slope.

In addition, the Central autonomous channel 4, located along the longitudinal axis of the fish passage 1, can be performed with a minimum longitudinal slope.

In addition, autonomous channels 4 can be made with reinforced roughness elements 6 mounted on the bottom of the channels.

In addition, the enhanced roughness 6 can be made in the form of cubes.

In addition, the enhanced roughness 6 can be made in the form of parallelepipeds.

In addition, the enhanced roughness 6 can be set in plan in a checkerboard pattern.

In addition, reinforced roughness 6 can be set in plan at an acute angle to the incoming flow.

Fish passage works as follows.

For normal functioning of the fish passage, the operating service submits the estimated water flow from the power supply unit from the upper pool to the fish channel 1. Normal hydraulic conditions are created along the length of the fish channel 1 for the fish to enter the upper pool and also for its rest in the pools 2 located between the channel sections . To increase the efficiency of fish promotion due to the device of the longitudinal partitions 3 and the formation of autonomous channels 4, local fish passage paths with different speed structures are formed, the creation of which is facilitated by the presence of various longitudinal slopes in the autonomous channels 4 (FIGS. 2, 3 and 4). To improve operating conditions, the bottom of the fish passageway can be made with reinforced roughness elements 6 (Figs. 12–15 and 17–21), which allows one to efficiently extinguish the kinetic energy of the flow, as well as to form a gradient gradient velocity diagram along the channel width 4. Formation of autonomous channels 4 with different longitudinal slopes allows in the alignment of the interface of channels 4 and pools 2 also to form a gradient gradient diagram of speeds, allowing fish with different swimming ability to choose the most acceptable speed Key to its further progress in upstream hydroelectric (22 and 23).

The layout of the fish passage involves the installation of fish-guiding devices 5 in the form of curved walls and curved bottom sills, which are arranged in the lower part of the longitudinal partitions 3 adjacent to the shores of channel 1 (Figs. 6, 10 and 11). Fish-guiding devices 5 make it possible to eliminate stagnant whirlpool zones in pools 2 and to attract additional fish from these areas (Fig. 24).

The proposed pond fish passage combines the best design qualities of pond fish passage and fish passage and spawning channels, which allows you to combine the process of fish passing into the upper pool and its spawning directly inside the fish passage.

Sources of information

1. A.S. USSR No. 402605 (USSR), IPC E 02 B 8/08. Fish passage. Author: Gudkov D.N. Publ. BI No. 42, 1974.

2. Malevanchik B.S. and Nikonorov I.V. Fish passage and fish protection facilities. - M.: Light and food industry, 1984, p. 10. Fig. 1 (b).

Claims (13)

1. Pond fish passage, including a fish passage with an inlet and outlet head, made in the form of a channel with a longitudinal slope and with a prismatic cross-section connecting the lower and upper water bodies of the waterworks, swimming pools for fish relaxation, discreetly located along the length of the fish passage and connected to sections channel, a power supply unit arranged on the upstream side, characterized in that the sections of the fish passage channel located between the pools are provided with a longitudinal partition dividing them into autonomous canals ly, the autonomous channels are configured with different longitudinal inclination and elevation above the top of the longitudinal walls of the mark of the water level in the channel. 2. Pond fish passage according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal partition is located on the longitudinal axis of the fish passage. 3. Pond fish passage according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections of the channel of the fish passage located between the pools are made with several longitudinal partitions. 4. Pond fish passage according to claim 3, characterized in that the end parts of the longitudinal partitions adjacent to the banks of the channel facing the downstream are equipped with a fish-guiding device located in the pool. 5. Pond fish passage according to claim 4, characterized in that the fish guide device is made in the form of curved guide walls, the convex side facing the lower pool, with the mark of the top of the curved guide walls above the water level. 6. Pond fish passage according to claim 4, characterized in that the fish-guiding device is made in the form of curved bottom sills with the convex side facing the downstream. 7. Pond fish passage according to any one of paragraphs. 3 - 6, characterized in that the central autonomous channel located along the longitudinal axis of the fish passage tract is made with a maximum longitudinal slope. 8. Pond fish passage according to any one of paragraphs. 3 - 6, characterized in that the central autonomous channel located along the longitudinal axis of the fish passage tract is made with a minimum longitudinal slope. 9. Pond fish passage according to any one of paragraphs. 1 to 8, characterized in that the autonomous channels are made with reinforced roughness elements installed on the bottom of the channels. 10. Pond fish passage according to claim 9, characterized in that the elements of enhanced roughness are made in the form of cubes. 11. Pond fish passage according to claim 9, characterized in that the elements of enhanced roughness are made in the form of parallelepipeds. 12. Pond fish passage according to any one of paragraphs. 9 to 11, characterized in that the elements of enhanced roughness are installed in a plan in a checkerboard pattern. 13. Pond fish passage according to claim 9 or 11, characterized in that the elements of enhanced roughness are installed in plan at an acute angle to the oncoming flow.

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