RU2339761C1 - Method of attracting fish to fish-pass, and fish-pass wherein method is realised - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to water engineering, and namely to methods and constructions intended for fish attracting and passing through support structures into meadows and breeding areas. Method consists in forming controllable water flow throughout the length of fish-passing path. Water flow depends on available working head and type of fish being passed, and is initiated at each fish-pass compartment as result of water flow supply to jet-forming heads located along perimeters of inlet holes or directly in inlet holes made in division walls and directed to forebay's side. Next step of method is forming of two rows, either parallel or set at an angle to inlet hole axis, of submerged parallel hydraulic jets; at that jets can be pre-swirled; and producing, during interrelation of these rows, water jets resistant to main flow (i.e. partial equal pressure area) moving across fish-passing path through fish-pass compartments from forebay, and thus creating favourable conditions for fish passing through inlet holes in the direction of forebay. From forebay by means of additional piping or channel there shall be supplied additional water flow into fish-pass inlet compartment or fish-pass inlet head. The above water flow mixing with leading flow flowing in transit through fish-pass from forebay increases the value of leading flow at fish-pass inlet. The construction of fish-pass realising this method is mentioned herein.

EFFECT: invention improves efficiency of fish attracting to fish-pass due to possibility of enhancing the leading flow at fish-pass inlet.

10 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, and in particular to methods and structures designed to attract and transfer fish producers through retaining structures to spawning and feeding grounds.

There is a method of attracting and transferring fish from the lower tail of the hydroelectric system to the upper one, proposed by O. Vvedensky (RF patent No. 2130991, CL ЕВВ 8/08, publ. 1999.05.27, Bull. No. 15), and the method of transporting liquid from the first section to the second, upstream section, proposed by O. Vvedensky (RF patent No. 2179265, class F04F 5/02, publ. 2002.02.10, Bull. No. 4), consisting in the formation of a controlled water flow along the entire length of the fish passage tract, depending on the difference in levels of the upper and lower pools, as well as the type of flow fish created in each chamber of the fish passage as a result of water supply through the jet-forming nozzles located along the perimeter of the rectangular fish passage hole in the dividing walls dividing the fish passage into the chambers and directed at an angle to each other towards the upper pool, followed by the formation of two x rows of hydraulic jets and flooded when creating the joint interaction of these hydraulic jets hydraulic flow resistance for the incoming path rybohodnomu (fish ladder chambers) from the upstream, thereby creating favorable conditions for the passage of a fish in the upstream direction.

Also close in the technological scheme and the achieved result is the method of passing fish through the fish passage tract of the fish passage, proposed by A. Chistyakov (RF patent No. 2236501, CL ЕВВ 8/08, publ. 2004.09.20), which consists in creating a controlled water stream along the entire length of the fish passage, while a controlled stream, which depends on the difference in the levels of the upper and lower pools and the type of fish passed, create in each chamber of the fish passage as a result of supplying an additional flow of water to the system of jet forming nozzles located above and below the longitudinal axis of the inlet hole located in the transverse partition, and directed at an angle to each other and towards the upstream, subsequent forms two rows of flooded hydraulic jets and the creation of the combined hydraulic interaction of these hydraulic jets of hydraulic resistance to the flow coming through the fish passage and the fish passage chambers from the upper pool, and thereby favorable conditions for the fish to pass through the inlet opening towards the upper pool, and the hydraulic jets are formed directly in the inlet hole of the transverse septum or in autonomous channels made along the entire perimeter of the fish passage hole, and may be pre-twisted.

A common drawback of these methods is that in order to attract fish from most of the search area, it is necessary to increase the attracting flow at the entrance to the fish passage, and this leads to an increase in the attracting flow throughout the fish passage, which ultimately reduces the swimming ability of fish and, accordingly, the efficiency of the passage of fish in the upper pool of the hydroelectric complex. Thus, increasing the efficiency of attracting fish to the fish passage, they reduce the efficiency of their passage into the upper pool of the waterworks.

Known fish passage for the passage of fish from the lower tail of the hydroelectric system to the upper one, proposed by O. Vvedensky and Polyanin A.Ya. (RF patent No. 2130990, CL ЕВВ 8/08, publ. 1999.05.27, Bull. No. 15; Application No. 2006113903 of April 24, 2006), and the design of a pump-ejector installation for transporting liquid from the first section to the second, upstream section proposed by Vvedensky O.G. and Polyanin A.Ya. (RF patent No. 2178480, class ЕВВ 8/08, publ. 2002.01.20, Bull. No. 2), containing drainage trays open from above with transverse vertical dividing walls, separation walls made with rectangular fish-shaped openings located in their lower part equipped with obstruction peaks, along the perimeter of which inside the obstruction peaks there are jet-forming nozzles.

In addition, the design of the fish passage proposed by Chistyakov A.A. is also close in terms of the technological scheme and the achieved result. (RF patent No. 2236501, CL ЕВВ 8/08, publ. 2004.09.20), including a fish passage connecting the lower and upper heads of the hydraulic system, made in the form of chambers connected by transverse partitions and placed in steps or in the form of a channel channel with a longitudinal slope towards the downstream side, bottom inlet openings made in transverse partitions, and inlet openings from the upstream side are made with jet forming nozzles in communication with the source of the working medium and placed above and below the longitudinal axis of the inlet hole, while nozzles are oriented at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the inlet openings, and the nozzles are located between the shielding canopies placed along the perimeter of the inlet opening above and below the plane of installation of the jet nozzles, so that the nozzles are inside the outlet formed by the visors of the inlet opening and are located parallel to the plane of the adjacent shielding visor so that the jet nozzles are made around the entire perimeter of the float hole, at ohm, the nozzle outlet openings are located directly in the inlet openings between the planes of the lateral surfaces of the transverse partitions, and distributing manifolds are made inside the transverse partitions, the inlet openings can be square, rectangular or round, or the inlet openings in the transverse septum, or the inflow height the openings on the downstream side are larger than the same height on the upstream side, as well as the end sections of the pressure pipe, etc. connecting to the nozzles, can be equipped with twisting devices that allow you to twist the hydraulic jets clockwise, counterclockwise, towards each other or in various combinations, in addition, the transverse partition can be made with additional through holes communicating with the chambers of the upper and lower level, while inside these holes coaxial with the formed autonomous channels placed jet forming nozzles.

The main common drawbacks of these designs of fish passageways are the impossibility of creating a reinforced attracting flow at the entrance to the fish passage without changing the magnitude of the attracting flow in the rest of the fish passage.

The aim of the invention is the creation of a uniform and stable attracting stream along the length of the fish passage with the possibility of increasing its size at the entrance to the fish passage structure, increasing the efficiency of attracting fish to the fish passage by increasing the attracting flow in the downstream of the hydroelectric complex.

The invention consists in the following.

According to claim 1 of the claims. Due to the supply of additional water flow from the upper pool through an additional pipeline (channel) to the inlet chamber of the fish passage (inlet head of the fish passage), it is possible to increase the magnitude of the attracting flow at the entrance to the fish passage.

According to claim 2 of the claims. The release of additional water flow from the downstream side and immediately before the fish passage (inlet) opening of the dividing wall separating the fish passage inlet chamber (fish passage inlet head) from the upstream fish passage chamber allows creating an attracting stream that will not disorient the fish in the fish passage inlet chamber (inlet head fish passage), it will also allow you to get a powerful attracting stream in the lower pool of the hydroelectric station, coming directly from the fish passage (inlet) hole oh fish ladder wall.

According to claim 3 of the claims. The release of additional water flow from the downstream side and below the level of the fish passage (inlet) opening of the separation wall separating the fish passage inlet chamber (fish passage inlet head) from the upstream fish passage chamber allows creating an attracting stream uniform throughout the depth of the fish passage inlet chamber (inlet fish passage head) at minimum turbulence intensity.

According to claim 4 of the claims. Changing the flow rate of water supplied through an additional pipeline (channel), allows you to adjust the magnitude of the attracting flow at the entrance to the fish passage structure.

According to claim 5, claims. The execution of the exhaust manifold in the separation wall separating the input chamber of the fish passage (inlet head of the fish passage) from the upstream chamber of the fish passage, placing it below the distributing collector feeding the jet-forming nozzles from the upstream side, and connecting it using an additional pipeline (channel) to the upstream head of the hydraulic system to strengthen the attracting stream at the entrance to the fish passage structure.

According to claim 6, claims. The equipment of an additional pipeline (channel) connecting the exhaust manifold with the upper head of the hydraulic system, a valve (shut-off device) allows you to control the magnitude of the attracting flow at the entrance to the fish passage structure.

According to claim 7 of the claims. Uniform placement of the outlet openings of the exhaust manifold along the entire length of the lower edge of the fish passage (inlet) hole from the downstream side allows the formation of a uniform structure of the attracting flow in the inlet chamber of the fish passage (inlet head of the fish passage).

According to claim 8 of the claims. The execution of the outlet openings of the exhaust manifold in a circular shape and equipping them with jet-forming nozzles makes it possible to obtain a more pronounced attracting flow in the total mass of water of the inlet chamber of the fish passage (inlet head of the fish passage).

According to claim 9 and 10 of the claims. The execution of the exhaust holes of the exhaust manifold of a square or rectangular shape in comparison with p. 8 allows to obtain an attracting stream with a lower speed, but a greater consumption.

The solution to this problem is achieved by implementing a new method of attracting fish to the fish passage and creating a new construction of the fish passage. Graphic material explaining the essence of the invention is presented in the following drawings:

figure 1 is a General diagram of the fish passage and the method of its placement in the alignment of the dam hydroelectric station;

figure 2 - fish passage, a longitudinal section and a diagram of the supply of additional flow into the input chamber of the fish passage (input tip of the fish passage);

figure 3 is a view from the side of the downstream on the dividing wall of the fish passage, separating the inlet chamber of the fish passage (inlet head of the fish passage) from the upstream chamber of the fish passage, the outlet openings of the exhaust manifold have a circle shape;

figure 4 is a view from the side of the downstream on the dividing wall of the fish passage separating the inlet chamber of the fish passage (inlet head of the fish passage) from the upstream chamber of the fish passage, the outlet openings of the exhaust manifold have a square shape;

figure 5 is a view from the side of the downstream on the dividing wall of the fish passage, separating the inlet chamber of the fish passage (inlet head of the fish passage) from the upstream chamber of the fish passage, the outlet openings of the exhaust manifold have a rectangular shape.

The fish passage (figure 1) is placed in the alignment of the dam 1 of the waterworks and is performed in the form of an open step, inclined or inclined-step overflow channel (fish passage path) 2, connecting the upper and lower downstream of the waterworks. Inside the spillway of the fish passage tract 2, vertical (dividing) walls 3 are installed (Figs. 1-2) forming the chambers of the fish passage 4. In the separation walls 3, fish passage (inlet) openings 5 are made, equipped with guard peaks 6 formed by shielding barrier walls installed along the entire perimeter of the passage (fish passage) holes 5 parallel to the axes of the distribution of jets (figure 2). Inside the canopies around the perimeters of the fish passage (swimming) holes 5, there are jet-forming nozzles 7 parallel or at an angle to the axis of the fish passage hole 5, powered by distributing manifolds 8. In the separation wall 9 (Fig. 2) separating the entrance chamber of the fish passage (input tip of the fish passage) from the above located chamber of the fish passage, an exhaust manifold 10 is connected, connected by means of an additional pipeline (channel) 11 to the upper pool of the waterworks.

In addition, an additional pipeline (channel) 11 connecting the exhaust manifold with the upper pool of the hydraulic system is equipped with a valve (shut-off device) 12 (Fig. 2).

In addition, the outlet openings of the exhaust manifold are evenly placed along the entire length of the lower edge of the fish passage (inlet) hole from the downstream side (Figs. 3-5).

In addition, the outlet openings 14 of the exhaust manifold 10 may be in the shape of a circle (FIG. 3), and may also be equipped with jet-forming nozzles 13 (FIG. 2).

In addition, the outlet openings 15 of the exhaust manifold 10 may be square in shape (FIG. 4).

In addition, the outlet 16 of the exhaust manifold 10 may be in the form of a rectangle (figure 5).

The method of attracting fish to the fish passage is as follows.

The working fluid (water) is fed into the nozzle 7 of the distributing manifolds 8 (figure 2). When water flows through these nozzles 7, rows of parallel hydraulic jets are formed, which, interacting with each other, contribute to the formation of partially equal pressure zones (backpressure plots) in front of the swimming (fish passage) holes 5. Thanks to the creation of zones of partially equal pressures, unimpeded access of fish producers through the fish passage from the lower pool of the hydraulic system to the upper pool is ensured. To orient the fish along the fish passage chambers and to find the swimming holes 5 by the fish, an attracting stream (Fig. 2) is supplied through the entire fish passage path 2 (at a speed similar to that in a free river or slightly lower). In order to attract fish into the fish passage and find the fish fish passage (inlet) hole of the entrance wall of the fish passage (input fish passage (swim) hole of the fish passage), a stable attracting stream (attracting shelf) is necessary in the downstream of the hydraulic structure, which clearly stands out from all currents of the downstream and covers as You can have a large area. To this end, an additional water flow rate is supplied from the upper pool through an additional pipeline (channel) 11 to the inlet chamber of the fish passage (inlet head of the fish passage), which, combined with the attracting stream moving in transit along the fish passage path 2 from the upper pool, increases the magnitude of the attracting stream at the inlet fish passage (figure 2).

The implementation of the method in the case of the release of additional water flow from the downstream side and immediately before the fish passage (inlet) hole 5 of the separation wall 9, separating the fish passage inlet chamber (fish passage inlet head) from the upstream fish passage chamber, meets the most favorable conditions for the formation of an attracting flow in the downstream of the hydraulic system (figure 2).

The release of additional water flow from the downstream side and below the level of the fish passage (inlet) hole 5 of the dividing wall 9, separating the fish passage inlet chamber (fish passage inlet head) from the upstream fish passage chamber, allows the formation of an attractive flow uniform throughout the depth of the fish passage inlet chamber (inlet head fish passage), with a minimum value of the intensity of turbulence (figure 2).

The magnitude of the attracting flow at the entrance to the fish passage structure is carried out using a valve (locking device) 12 by changing the flow rate of water supplied through an additional pipe (channel) 11 to the inlet chamber of the fish passage (inlet head of the fish passage) through the exhaust manifold 10 made in the dividing wall 9 separating the inlet chamber of the fish passage (inlet head of the fish passage) from the upstream chamber of the fish passage (Fig. 2).

Fish passage works as follows.

From the upper pool, the calculated water flow rate is passed, which is passed through the fish passage path 2, passing through the inlet openings 5. Simultaneously, the systems of jet-forming nozzles 7 are turned on, while they form hydraulic jets that create hydraulic resistance in front of the inlet openings 5, making the fish pass from the downstream chambers 4 into the upstream chambers 4 of the fish passage free and independent (figure 2). An additional pipeline (channel) 11 to the inlet chamber of the fish passage (inlet head of the fish passage) serves an additional flow of water, which, connecting with the attracting stream, moving in transit along the fish passage path 2 from the upper pool, increases the magnitude of the attracting flow at the entrance to the fish passage, contributing to fish passage of fish producers located in the downstream of the hydroelectric complex. By adjusting using a valve (locking device) 12, the flow rate of water supplied through an additional pipeline (channel) 11 to the inlet chamber of the fish passage (inlet head of the fish passage) through the exhaust manifold 10, made in the dividing wall 9, an attractive flow is obtained taking into account the hydrological situation in the lower the head of the waterworks and the type of fish passed through the fish passage.

The undoubted advantage of the method of attracting fish to the fish passage is the supply of an additional water flow rate to the fish passage inlet chamber (inlet head of the fish passage), which allows one to form a uniform attracting stream coming directly from the fish passage (inlet) opening of the fish passage entrance wall, of almost any intensity, while maintaining the optimal minimum the speed of the oncoming flow throughout the rest of the fish passage tract (upstream), contributing to the preservation of swimming ability in fish.

The proposed method of attracting fish to the fish passage and the fish passage implementing it allows you to create a controlled attracting stream at the entrance to the fish passage, which maximally contributes to attracting fish to the fish passage and independent, as well as free passage of fish from the lower pool of the hydraulic system to the upper pool.

Claims (10)

1. A method of attracting fish to a fish passage, which consists in the formation of a controlled water flow along the entire length of the fish passage tract, depending on the difference in the levels of the upper and lower pools and the type of fish passed and created in each fish passage channel as a result of the flow of water into the jet nozzles located along the perimeters swimming holes or directly in the swimming holes made in the dividing walls, and directed towards the upper pool, the subsequent formation of parallel or at an angle to the axis in lyvnogo holes flooded parallel rows of hydraulic jets, the jets may be pre-twisted, and when creating the joint interaction of these series of jets of hydraulic resistance of the main flow, i.e. the zone of partially equal pressures entering the fish passageway through the fish passage chambers from the upper pool, and thereby favorable conditions for the fish to pass through the inlet openings towards the upper pool, characterized in that from the upper pool by means of an additional pipe or channel into the entrance channel of the fish passage or input the head of the fish passage serves an additional flow of water, which, connecting with the attracting stream, moving in transit along the fish passage from the upper pool, increases the magnitude of the attracting flow to the input in the fish ladder. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional flow rate of water is discharged from the downstream side and immediately before the inlet of the dividing wall separating the inlet chamber of the fish passage or inlet head of the fish passage from the upstream chamber of the fish passage. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional flow rate of water is discharged from the downstream side and below the level of the swimming hole of the dividing wall separating the inlet chamber of the fish passage or inlet head of the fish passage from the upstream chamber of the fish passage. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the magnitude of the attracting flow at the entrance to the fish passage structure is controlled by changing the flow rate of water supplied through an additional pipeline or channel to the inlet chamber of the fish passage. 5. The fish passage, made in the form of a stepped or inclined tray or channel with a longitudinal slope towards the lower pool, containing transverse vertical dividing walls, dividing the fish passage into the chambers, with rectangular, square or round inlet openings located around them, along the perimeter of which are located jet-forming nozzles and which are equipped with obstruction visors in such a way that the nozzles are located inside the outlet portion of the inlet opening formed by the visors and the parallels are located the plane of the shielding wall of the adjacent barrier visor, the nozzle outlet openings being located directly in the swimming holes between the planes of the lateral surfaces of the transverse dividing walls, the jet-forming nozzles are in communication with supply pipelines or distributing manifolds made inside the transverse partitions, characterized in that the outlet manifold made in the dividing the wall separating the inlet chamber of the fish passage or inlet head of the fish passage from a higher position This chamber of the fish passage is located below the distributing collector supplying the jet-forming nozzles and connected via an additional pipeline or channel to the upper pool of the hydraulic system. 6. The fish passage according to claim 5, characterized in that the additional pipeline or channel connecting the exhaust manifold to the upper pool of the hydraulic system is equipped with a valve or shut-off device. 7. Fish passage according to claim 5, characterized in that the outlet openings of the exhaust manifold are evenly spaced along the entire length of the lower edge of the inlet opening from the downstream side. 8. The fish passage according to claim 5, characterized in that the outlet openings of the exhaust manifold have a circle shape and are equipped with jet-forming nozzles. 9. The fish passage according to claim 5, characterized in that the outlet openings of the exhaust manifold are square. 10. The fish passage according to claim 5, characterized in that the outlet openings of the exhaust manifold are in the form of a rectangle.

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