RU2339762C1 - Fish-pass meant for fish attracting and passing from hydrosystem's afterbay into forebay - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to water engineering, and namely to constructions meant for fish attracting and passing through support structures into meadows and breeding areas. Fish-pass intended for fish attracting and passing from hydraulic system's afterbay into forebay is made in the form of staged or sloped tray or channel with longitudinal slope in the direction of afterbay that includes vertical division walls located laterally. Vertical division walls divide fish-pass into compartments wherein inlet holes, either orthogonal, square or spherical, are located. Jet-forming heads are arranged along perimeter of holes and are equipped with guards so that heads are located inside outlet part of inlet hole formed by guards, and are arranged parallel to plane of screen wall of adjacent guard. Heads' outlet holes are located directly in inlet holes between planes of lateral surfaces of transverse division walls or in independent channels. Jet-forming heads are connected with feed pipelines or distributing headers provided inside division walls. Guard is located inside fish-pass division wall. Guard's screen walls are edges of outlet part of inlet hole. Jet-forming heads are installed on rear side of protrusion formed by inlet part of inlet hole and bottom of edges of outlet part of inlet hole. Cross section of distributing header occupies all the length of fish-pass division wall and is of polygon shape.

EFFECT: invention ensures stable fish-pass operation and protection of fish that passes across fish-pass from jet-forming heads and high-speed sections of hydraulic jets.

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Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, in particular to structures designed to attract and transfer fish producers through retaining structures to spawning and feeding grounds.

Known design of the fish passage proposed by Chistyakov A.A. (RF patent No. 2236501, CL ЕВВ 8/08, published. 2004.09.20), including a fish passage connecting the lower and upper heads of the hydraulic system, made in the form of chambers connected by transverse partitions and placed in steps or in the form of a channel channel with longitudinal slope towards the downstream side, bottom inlet openings made in transverse partitions, and inlet openings from the upstream side are made with jet forming nozzles in communication with the source of the working medium and placed above and below the longitudinal axis of the inlet hole, while the nozzles are oriented at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the inlet openings, and the nozzles are located between the shielding canopies located along the perimeter of the inlet hole above and below the plane of installation of the jet nozzles so that the nozzles are inside the outlet formed by the visors of the inlet opening and are located parallel to the plane of the adjacent shielding visor so that the jet nozzles are made around the perimeter of the inlet hole, with the nozzle outlet openings are located directly in the inlet openings between the planes of the lateral surfaces of the transverse partitions, and distributing manifolds are made inside the transverse partitions, the inlet openings may be square, rectangular or round, or the inlet openings in the transverse partition may be half-tucked, or the inflow height openings from the downstream side are larger than the same height from the upper downstream side, as well as the end sections of the pressure pipe, adjacent to the nozzles can be equipped with twisting devices that allow the hydraulic jets to be twisted clockwise, counterclockwise, towards each other or in various combinations; in addition, the transverse partition can be made with additional through holes communicating with the upper and lower level, while inside these holes coaxially with the formed autonomous channels placed jet forming nozzles.

The main disadvantages of this design of the fish passage are: firstly, the difficulty of protecting the fish from high-speed sections of hydraulic jets, secondly, the cumbersome design of the separation wall and, thirdly, the difficulty of ensuring the stability of the fish passage due to unacceptable values of the speeds of movement of water in the distribution headers , which ultimately leads to a decrease in the efficiency and reliability of the fish passage. Indeed, as theoretical and experimental studies show, for example, to maintain the pressure Н on the dividing wall of a fish passage with a size of 4 m with a rectangular fish-shaped opening (inlet) of 1600 × 650 mm, it is necessary to ensure water flow Q through the entire system of jet-forming nozzles (through two rows of jet-forming nozzles), equal to 7000 m ³ / h. The length of the barrier visor in this case will reach a value of 3 m. At the same time, while ensuring acceptable values of the water velocity in the distributing collectors, the diameter of the distributing collector should be at least 2.5 m. Then, as a result, the length of the passage part of the separation wall of this design of the fish passage will have a minimum value of 6 ÷ 7 m, which is unacceptable in real conditions of construction and operation of the fish passage.

The aim of the invention is to ensure the stability of the fish passage and the protection of the fish moving along the fish passage from the jet-forming fittings and high-speed sections of the hydraulic jets, as well as the creation of a more compact and rational design of the separation walls of the fish passage that meets modern requirements.

The invention consists in the following.

The barrier visor is placed inside the dividing wall of the fish passage, while the edges of the exit part of the fish passage (inlet) hole play the role of the screening walls of the barrier visor. In this case, we obtain a more compact and rational design of the dividing wall of the fish passage, reducing the length of the passage of the dividing wall. In order to protect the fish moving along the fish passage from the jet-forming reinforcement and high-speed sections of the hydraulic jets, the jet-forming nozzles are installed on the rear side of the protrusion formed by the inlet part of the fish passage (inlet) hole and the base of the faces of the outlet part of the fish passage (inlet) hole. To ensure that the speed of movement of water in the distributing collector is below the permissible value, the cross section of the distributing collector occupies the entire thickness of the separation wall of the fish passage and has the shape of a polygon.

The solution to this problem is achieved by creating a new design of the fish passage for attracting and passing fish from the lower pool of the hydraulic system to the upper pool. Graphic material that explains the essence of the invention is presented in the following figures:

figure 1 is a General diagram of the fish passage and the method of its placement in the alignment of the dam hydroelectric station;

figure 2 - fish passage, a longitudinal section;

figure 3 is a design diagram of the fish passage (vplivnogo) holes of the fish passage.

The fish passage (figure 1) is located in the alignment of the dam 1 of the waterworks and is made in the form of an open stepped, inclined or inclined-step overflow tray 2 (fish passage path) connecting the upper and lower heads of the waterworks. Inside the fish passage path 2 (spillway), dividing (vertical) walls 3 (Figs. 1-3) are installed, forming the chambers of the fish passage 4. In the dividing wall 3, a fish passage (inlet) hole 5 is made of a rectangular, square or round shape with a protecting peak, and the barrier visor is placed inside the separation wall 3 of the fish passage, while the role of the shielding walls of the barrier visor is played by the faces 6 of the outlet part 7 of the fish passage (inlet) hole 5 (Figs. 2-3). The jet-forming nozzles 8 (FIGS. 2-3) are mounted on the back side of the protrusion 9 (FIG. 3) formed by the inlet part 10 of the fish passage (inlet) hole and the base 11 of the faces 6 of the outlet part 7 of the fish passage (inlet) hole (FIG. 3). The jet-forming nozzles 8 are arranged at an angle or parallel to the axis of the fish passage hole 5 and are fed from the distributing headers 12, and the cross section of the distributing collector 12 occupies the entire thickness of the separation wall 3 of the fish passage and has the shape of a polygon (Figs. 2-3). In turn, the distributing manifolds 8 are connected to the pumps 13 (Fig.2-3).

Fish passage works as follows.

The working fluid (water) is fed into the nozzle 8 of the distributing manifolds 12 (figure 2). When water flows through these nozzles 8, rows of parallel hydraulic jets are formed, which, interacting with each other, contribute to the formation of 5 zones of partially equal pressures (backpressure plots) in front of the fish passage (inlet) holes 5 (back pressure plots) (Fig. 2). Thanks to the creation of zones of partially equal pressures, unimpeded access of fish producers through the fish passage from the lower pool of the hydraulic system to the upper pool is ensured. The placement of the jet-forming nozzles 8 (Fig.2-3) on the rear side of the protrusion 9 formed by the inlet of the fish passage (inlet) hole 10 and the base 11 of the faces 6 of the outlet of the fish passage (inlet) hole 5, protects the fish moving along the fish passage from the jet-forming reinforcement and high-speed sections of hydraulic jets. And the placement of the barrier visor inside the separation wall of the fish passage 3 and the cross-section of the distributing collector 12 throughout the thickness of the separation wall 3 of the fish passage and in the form of a polygon make it possible to more rationally use the internal space of the separation walls, while ensuring the reliability of the fish passage and reducing the dimensions of the separation walls.

The undoubted advantage of the technical solution of the design of the fish passage for attracting and passing fish from the lower pool of the hydroelectric station to the upper pool is the placement of the protective peak inside the separation wall of the fish passage. This will reduce the length of the passage part of the dividing wall of the fish passage by two times and at the same time ensure acceptable values of the water velocity in the distributing collectors, which will maximize the stability of the fish passage.

Claims (1)

Fish passage for attracting and passing fish from the lower pool of the water system to the upper pool, made in the form of a stepped or inclined tray or channel with a longitudinal slope towards the lower pool, containing transverse vertical dividing walls dividing the fish passage into the chambers, with the rectangular holes in them , square or round, along the perimeter of which there are jet-forming nozzles and which are equipped with protective visors in such a way that the nozzles are inside the formation the visors of the outlet part of the inlet opening and are located parallel to the plane of the shielding wall of the adjacent guard visor, and the outlet openings of the nozzles are located directly in the inlet holes between the planes of the lateral surfaces of the transverse dividing walls or in autonomous channels, in addition, the jet-forming nozzles are in communication with the supply pipelines or distributing collectors, made inside the separation walls, characterized in that the barrier visor is placed inside three dividing walls of the fish passage, while the shielding walls of the barrier canopy are the faces of the outlet part of the inlet hole, the jet-forming nozzles mounted on the rear side of the protrusion formed by the inlet part of the inlet hole and the base of the faces of the outlet part of the inlet hole, and the cross section of the distributing manifold occupies the entire thickness of the separation wall fish passage and has the shape of a polygon.

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