JP2951263B2 - Fishway block - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fishway for assisting fish to run up because there is a drawback that if a dam or a dam is provided in a river or a mountain stream, the runup of fish is hindered.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a large U-shaped groove has been used from an appropriate downstream position of a dam or a dam to a riverbed, a river, a mountain stream, or along an outer side along a flow to the position of the dam or a dam or above it. And built a fishway. Also, recently, there have been provided fishways in which attempts have been made to reduce the flow velocity in the fishways by laying various concrete blocks on the fishway beds.

[0003]

In the conventional fishway, a dam or a dam was constructed at a height at which fish could not jump over a stream of a river or a mountain stream, so that the fish could not go upstream. It is a technique to construct the fish track bed artificially as a run-up path, and in many cases, to build the fish track bed smoothly and concretely, and to build the gradient almost the same as the gradient of rivers and mountain streams, and the length of the fishway is long. Therefore, the flow velocity in the fishway is
Even if the gradient is the same as that of a river or mountain stream, acceleration is usually applied and the entire fishway flows rapidly as a whole. On the fishway bed, there is also provided a fishway consisting of a method of arranging blocks of various shapes for the purpose of reducing the flow velocity.However, the blocks have the same shape, and the flow velocity of the entire fishway is gradually accelerated without decelerating the flow velocity in the fishway. It is always flowing down as a torrent. In the first place, fish do not go up a river or mountain stream without stopping at a stretch over a long distance, but in the shadow of flow stagnation, stones, rocks, algae, and other obstacles that reduce the flow velocity to some extent. The fish have a habit of going up while resting and eating food, so that even in an artificial fishway, fish can never go up unless the fishway structure is adapted to the above habit. Conventionally, fishways constructed artificially have not been taken into consideration at all, so the fishways were constructed but there was a drawback that fish did not run up.
Therefore, the present invention provides a fishway adapted to the habits of fish that run up rivers and mountain streams, so that fish can easily go up and contribute to the restoration of nature where fish can be seen abundantly in rivers and mountain streams. Is what you do.

[0004]

According to the present invention, a concrete block is used, and a water reserving section and a fishway weir are sequentially provided in a fishway with a step, and the fishway weir is linearly aligned with the mainstream water flow direction. By constructing a fishway while forming a flooding section by alternately facing concrete blocks while forming,
The above-mentioned problem has been solved by alternately forming a zigzag falling water flow from the water-reserving section via the fishway weir, and also enabling the fishes to jump up and down the fishway weir while resting in the water-reserving section.

[0005]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fishway block according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The fishway block of this embodiment is
The bottom 1 has a quadrilateral shape having an appropriate vertical and horizontal length, and a front rising wall 2 is integrally formed at an appropriate height from one side thereof, and the front rising wall 2 is formed when a fishway is constructed. The partition of the water repelling part is formed. Next, the side rising wall 3 is formed integrally with the rising edge of the wall 2 and one side B of the block bottom 1 with an appropriate step C from the front rising wall 2. It is circumscribed on one side D of the block bottom part 1 facing the rising wall 3 and inscribed on the front rising wall 2 so as to be integrally formed therewith. The height H of the fishway weir 4 is substantially the same as the normal water level of the river or mountain stream that constructs the fishway, and the length R is half the length of the side D of the block bottom 1. The fishway dam 4 is preferably formed to be slightly wider, and a convex portion 21 having a smooth surface is preferably formed on the upper surface thereof, and a fixing hole 5 at the time of construction is opened in the block bottom 1. The block may be divided into a plurality of parts and may be assembled and constructed on site.

The fishway block according to the present embodiment has the above-described structure. However, when a fishway is constructed using this block, as shown in the construction explanatory diagrams of FIGS. The same step F is appropriately provided in a stepwise manner on the slope of the floor 6, and the fishway blocks are alternately opposed to each other and are horizontally installed in two rows. In some cases, the fishway weir 4 is linearly installed along the center line of the fishway bed 6 and has a step F ′, and the front rising wall 2 has a step F ″ with the adjacent side rising wall 3 sequentially. The partition walls between the fishway blocks are formed, and the side rising walls 3 form the left and right side walls of the full length of the fishway with a step F. The fishway weirs 4 are alternately installed in front of the fishway blocks facing each other. As described above, it is formed linearly with a step F 'from the rising wall 2 (block interval wall), and the bottom 1 of the fishway block is set horizontally in each block. Needless to say, the mortar is used to bury the mortar using the fixing holes 5 drilled in the bottom 1 when installed on the fish track bed 6 and integrated with the fish bed 6. The block is of course installed on the fish track bed 6. When using a concrete or mortar, place it on the fish track bed 6 It is needless to say possible to employ a means for secured.

The fishway according to the present invention is constructed as described above. The front rising wall 2 and the side rising wall 3 of each block, the adjacent front rising wall 2 and the fishway weir of the fishway block installed opposite to each other. The corner surrounded by the section 4 constitutes a so-called water reserving section 8 of the fishway of the present invention. In the fishway of the present invention, each of the water reserving sections 8 is alternately left and right and has a step. Are characterized in that they have a configuration that is linearly arranged with a step. When water flows through a fishway having such a structure from near a dam or a dam construction, the flowing water hits the first front rising wall 2 of the fishway, and the flow is converted in the horizontal direction, and the fishway dam portion of the fishway block provided to face the same. The water is dropped from the block 4 to the water-supplying section 8 of the block, and the water-supplying section 8 is filled with water. The water in the fishway, which falls from the fishway weir 4, flows down the fishway in a zigzag fashion down the fishway. Therefore, the flow of water in the fishway will flow down the fishway in a zigzag shape 23 while falling down the fishway weir 4 alternately with respect to the straight flowing direction 7.

[0008]

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 4 shows a fishway block according to the second embodiment, and FIG. 5 is a side view of the fishway constructed from the block with one side-side rising wall omitted, but the angle formed between the front rising wall 9 and the block bottom 10 is shown. A fishway block characterized by being formed as [90 ° -fishway bed inclination angle], wherein the tip of the block bottom 10 is formed as a wedge-shaped notch 11 with an appropriate angle, and the block bottom 10 A tail bottom notch 12 having the same angle is formed on the rear surface of the rising base of the front rising wall 9 so as to be able to abut the wedge-shaped notch 11. Other configurations of the fishway dam 13 and the side wall 14 are the same as those of the fishway block of the first embodiment. Note that the fishway block in the present embodiment may be divided into a plurality of parts and may be assembled and constructed on site.

In the case of constructing a fishway using the fishway block according to the second embodiment, unlike the fishway block according to the first embodiment, the angle formed between the front rising wall 9 and the block bottom 10 is [90 °]. −fishway bed inclination angle], and by having such an acute angle, the bottom 10 of the fishway block is provided on the fishway bed itself, which is flatly arranged for construction of the fishway, as in the first embodiment. It can be mounted without providing a step. At this time, the front rising wall 9
Is located in the downstream direction and therefore is the open surface of the block bottom 10
(The front part of the block) is placed on the fish track 6 facing upstream,
The wedge-shaped notch 11 formed at the tip of the block bottom 10 is fed under the tail bottom notch 12 of the front fishway block, and is fixedly connected to the portion by mortar. In addition,
In constructing the fishway, the blocks are arranged in two rows and are alternately mounted on the fishway bed 6 or the fishway weir 13 is positioned and linearly positioned on the centerline of the fishway. Also, as in the case of the first embodiment, the water re-entrant portion 22 is configured to have a step difference alternately, and similarly, the front rising portion 9 stands upright with respect to the horizontal.

[0010]

Next, a third embodiment will be described. FIG. 6 shows a fishway block according to the third embodiment.
The other configuration is the same as that of the second embodiment, characterized in that the formation angle between the front rising wall 15 and the block bottom 16 is formed as [90 ° + fish bed angle]. In addition,
It goes without saying that the fishway block according to the present embodiment may be divided into a plurality of parts, assembled and assembled at the site. When a fishway is constructed using the fishway block in this embodiment, the front rising wall 15 and the block bottom 16 are used.
Is formed at an obtuse angle, the front rising wall 15 is positioned on the upstream side of the water flow and mounted on the fishway bed 6 to construct a fishway. The configuration of the fishway, that is, the configuration of the fishway weir and the configuration of the water reserving section are exactly the same as in the first embodiment. Therefore, the plan view of the constructed fishway is exactly the same as that of the first embodiment. The action of the flow of water passing through the fishway in the second and third embodiments is exactly the same as in the first and second embodiments, and does not flow down as a rapid.

[0011]

The conventional fishway has a flat fishway bed,
In addition, the fishway blocks were formed in a step-like shape, and in various shapes, but the water flow of the whole fishway became straight and the water flowed down the fishway rapidly, so the fishes were moving up There was no place to rest. Therefore, not only was it extremely difficult to go up, but also it hardly went up. However, as described above, the flow velocity of the water flowing in the fishway of the present invention is a flow in which a linear flow is converted into a zigzag shape by traversing a linear flow by the action of the front rising wall, the fishway weir, and the water reclaiming part. The flow velocity is slow, the water falling from the fishway weir, the width of the fishway weir is also widened, and it is further weakened by the projection provided on the upper surface of the fishway weir, and the height is also about the normal water level of the relevant place It is set low, and fishes can rest easily in the water recreational area and when jumping over the fishway weir, run in the wide water recreational area and urge at the swimming speed and jump up, so they can easily jump up and down It has the effect. In addition, the wide water reserving section, which is constructed alternately on the left and right sides with the fishway weir as a boundary, has a very slow flow velocity and a wide and adequate amount of water, and furthermore, the sediment such as deciduous leaves flowing from the upstream and the fish feed Because fish plants and small animals are emerging, fish take a break and feed in the water recreation area,
There is a great effect that can not be absolutely required with the conventional fishway, which is able to return to its original state and urge the runway inside the water retarding section to easily run over the next fishway weir and go up and go up. To play. Therefore, even if a large number of dams and dams are constructed in rivers and mountain streams that hinder fish from going upstream, if the fishway of the present invention is constructed, fish will run up and it will be possible to return fish shadows to rivers and mountain streams. It has the effect of natural recovery. In addition, even if the fish is released to any part of the river or mountain stream, the fish shadow can be seen throughout the basin. That is, nature can be restored to rivers and mountain streams.
Also, several times a year, the water increases due to heavy rains such as snowmelt water and storms, so that the water flowing down the fishway also increases rapidly. There is also an effect that the object is washed away from the inside of the water-recharging section by a vortex generated in the water-recharging section due to the increased water. That is, there is an effect that the inside of the fishway is occasionally cleaned by the rising water and the swirling current. In addition, the smooth convex portion formed on the upper surface of the fishway dam has the effect of killing the water flowing down the portion and assisting the fish to run up.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory perspective view of a first embodiment of a fishway block according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a fishway constructed using the fishway block of the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory plan view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is an explanatory perspective view of a fishway block according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory side view of a fishway constructed using the fishway block of the second embodiment, in which a left-side rising wall is omitted.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory perspective view of a fishway block according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a schematic side view of a fishway constructed using the fishway block of the third embodiment.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory plan view of a fishway constructed by the fishway block of the second embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Bottom part of fishway block 2 Front rising wall 3 Side rising wall 4 Fishway weir part 5 Fixing hole provided in block bottom part in each embodiment 6 Fishway bed 7 Flowing direction (of river, mountain stream main stream) 8 Recreational part 9 Second The front rising wall of the fishway block of the embodiment 10 The bottom of the block of the fishway block 11 The wedge-shaped notch 12 The tail bottom notch 13 The fishway weir of the fishway block 14 The fishway block of the second embodiment 14 Side rising wall of block 15 Front rising wall of 3rd example fishway block 16 Block bottom of 3rd example fishway block 17 Side rising wall of 3rd example fishway block 18 3rd example Fishway of fishway block Weir part 19 Wedge-shaped notch part of 3rd example fishway block 20 3rd example Notch bottom part of fishway block 21 Each example Projection provided on the upper part of the road dam 22 Recession part of the fishway in the second embodiment 23 Flowing direction of water in the fishway (zigzag flow) 24 Run-up direction of fishes A One side of the bottom of the block (the front rising wall stands) B Side rising One side of the bottom where the wall stands H The height of the fishway weir R The length of the fishway weir D The one side of the bottom where the fishway weir stands C The step between the front rising wall and the side rising wall E One side of the bottom of the fishway weir F Step F 'of each fishway block of the fishway in one embodiment F' Step of the fishway weir F 'Step between the side rising wall and the front rising wall of the adjacent fishway block

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] [1] Planned fishway along the flow of rivers and streams
In order to form a zigzag shape with respect to the original flowing water direction,
The fishway weir can be alternately dropped from the water retarding section installed facing
A fishway block used for a fishway that can be used,
A front rising wall and a side rising wall of an appropriate height formed by providing a step with an appropriate difference are formed on any two adjacent sides of the block bottom having an appropriate length and width, and the rising of the front rising wall. In contact with the end, a rising fishway weir having a length up to the center of the other side of the block bottom and having an appropriate width is formed at an appropriate height, and the front of the rising fishway weir and the remaining portion of the block bottom are formed. A block for a fishway, characterized in that one side part and the upper part of the block are configured as open parts. 2. The fishway block according to claim 1, wherein the angle formed between the front rising wall and the bottom of the block is [90 ° -fishway bed inclination angle]. 3. The fishway block according to claim 1, wherein the angle formed between the front rising wall and the bottom of the block is [90 ° + fishway bed inclination angle].