CN109680658B - Natural fish-passing-imitating channel structure and design method thereof - Google Patents
Natural fish-passing-imitating channel structure and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109680658B CN109680658B CN201811526225.5A CN201811526225A CN109680658B CN 109680658 B CN109680658 B CN 109680658B CN 201811526225 A CN201811526225 A CN 201811526225A CN 109680658 B CN109680658 B CN 109680658B
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims description 38
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000037237 body shape Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003542 behavioural effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
- E02B8/085—Devices allowing fish migration, e.g. fish traps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/40—Protecting water resources
- Y02A20/402—River restoration
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones
Abstract
The invention provides a natural fish-passing channel structure which comprises a plurality of sections of arched weirs arranged in a river channel, wherein the river channel is divided into a plurality of pool chambers by the arched weirs, the arched weirs are in an arc shape protruding upwards, a notch is arranged at the middle section of each arched weir, the height between the bottom of each notch and the top of each arched weir is not less than 2 times of the maximum fish-passing body height of a fish-passing object, and the width of each notch is not less than 2 times of the maximum fish-passing body length of the fish-passing object. The invention can provide river restoration and natural fish-passing simulating channel after dam and dam removal under the condition of combining fish behavioral information, river hydrologic information and basic hydraulics, and can effectively ensure rock dam stability, river original ecology and fish trafficability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a natural fish-passing-imitating channel structure and a design method thereof, belonging to the technical field of river channel restoration and aquatic animal protection.
Background
The number of various reservoirs in China is increased to 98000 from 1200 bases before the establishment of new China. A water retaining building is built in a river channel to force the breaking of the river habitat, so that the aquatic animal activity area is limited, and the aquatic animal gene communication is blocked. In order to realize the protection in development, the protection is developed. In recent years, the protection measures for fish in large-scale water conservancy and hydropower projects are as follows: aquatic animal habitat protection, ecological flow guarantee measures, layered water taking, fish passing facility construction, fish proliferation and release and the like. The natural-imitated channel in the fish passing facility not only gives consideration to various fish passing objects, but also integrates natural scenery as the building material of the fish passing facility is river channel stone, and has ornamental value.
In addition, a dam removal plan for restoring the natural ecology of the river is being implemented in China, at present, the removal object mainly comprises a scrapped reservoir, a small hydropower station and a water blocking weir, and the natural ecology restoration problem of the river is faced after the removal object is removed, wherein the restoration of the appearance of the river is a basic problem.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a natural fish-passing-through-imitating channel structure and a design method thereof, and the natural fish-passing-through-imitating channel structure and the design method thereof can provide river restoration and natural fish-passing-through-imitating channel after dam and weir removal under the condition of combining fish behavioural information, river hydrologic information and basic hydraulics.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a natural fish-passing channel structure, which comprises a plurality of sections of arched weirs arranged in a river channel, wherein the arched weirs divide the river channel into a plurality of pool chambers, the arched weirs are in an arc shape protruding upwards, a notch is arranged at the middle section of each arched weir, the height between the bottom of each notch and the top of each arched weir is not less than 2 times of the maximum fish-passing body height of a fish-passing object, and the width of each notch is not less than 2 times of the maximum fish-passing body length of the fish-passing object.
The channel formed by the notch of the arch weir has a gradient, and the gradient is less than 1:15.
The arch length of the arch weir is 1.2-1.8 times of the average width of the pool chamber.
The arch-shaped weir is built from stone blocks.
And the height of the weir at any position on the arched weir is smaller than or equal to the height of the stone.
The invention also provides a design method of the natural fish passage imitating structure, which comprises the following steps:
(1) basic information collection: acquiring data of fish types, body shape characteristics and flow resistance, and determining a design threshold value of a channel formed by a notch of an arch weir according to the data;
(2) hydrologic feature determination: determining the maximum flow of the river channel within the design period according to the river channel flow frequency curve, and determining the design high flow, the design medium flow and the design low flow; determining an upstream water level and a downstream water level according to hydrologic data and field measurement;
(3) chi Yan geometry: determining the number of pool chambers according to the water level difference of two adjacent stages of pools, determining the total length of a channel according to the total head drop difference of the upstream and downstream of the channel and the gradient of the channel, and determining the length of the pool chambers according to the total length of the channel and the number of the pool chambers;
(4) and (3) evaluating the hydraulic index under the condition of initial high flow: at a flow rate Q at a gap of neglecting arched weirs 05 Carrying out hydraulic calculation under the condition;
(5) and (3) evaluating the hydraulic index under the condition of low flow: assuming that the water flow completely passes through the notch, the water depth of the notch is equal to the height d from the bottom of the notch of the arch-shaped weir to the top of the arch-shaped weir N Carrying out hydraulic calculation under the condition of (1);
(6) and (3) evaluating the hydraulic index of the composite weir under the condition of medium flow: taking the weir crest and the weir notch into consideration simultaneously, the flow is Q 50 Carrying out hydraulic calculation under the condition of (1);
(7) and (3) evaluating the hydraulic index of the composite weir under the condition of high flow: taking the weir crest and the weir notch into consideration simultaneously, the flow is Q 05 Is subjected to hydraulic calculation.
The Q is 50 The formula is as follows:
wherein W is W Is an archArch length of shape weir, W N For the width of the notch of the arch weir, H W Is the water depth of the weir crest, d N The height from the bottom of the arch-shaped weir notch to the weir crest.
The Q is 05 The formula is as follows:
wherein W is W Is a weir arch long, W N Is the notch width of the arch weir, d N Is from the bottom of the notch of the arch weir to the height of the weir crest, H W Is the water depth of the weir crest.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the design method for repairing the river channel and imitating the natural fish passing channel after the dam is removed can be provided under the condition of combining fish behavioral information, river channel hydrologic information and basic hydraulics, and the design method can effectively ensure the stability of the rock dam, the original ecology of the river channel and the trafficability of fish.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the design method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the plane A-A of FIG. 3.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of the claimed invention is not limited to the above.
The natural fish-passing channel-like structure shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4 comprises a plurality of sections of arched weirs arranged in a river channel, wherein the river channel is divided into a plurality of pool chambers by the arched weirs, the arched weirs are in an upstream convex arc shape, a notch is arranged at the middle section of each arched weir, the height between the bottom of each notch and the top of each arched weir is not less than 2 times of the maximum fish-passing body height of a fish-passing object, and the width of each notch is not less than 2 times of the maximum fish-passing body length of the fish-passing object.
The channel formed by the notch of the arch weir has a gradient, and the gradient is less than 1:15.
The arch length of the arch weir is 1.2-1.8 times of the average width of the pool chamber.
The arch-shaped weir is built from stone blocks.
And the height of the weir at any position on the arched weir is smaller than or equal to the height of the stone.
The design method of the natural fish-passing-imitating channel structure shown in fig. 1 comprises the following steps:
(1) basic information collection: acquiring data of fish types, body shape characteristics and flow resistance, and determining a design threshold value of a channel formed by a notch of an arch weir according to the data;
(2) hydrologic feature determination: determining the maximum flow of the river channel within the design period according to the river channel flow frequency curve, and determining the design high flow, the design medium flow and the design low flow; determining an upstream water level and a downstream water level according to hydrologic data and field measurement;
(3) chi Yan geometry: determining the number of pool chambers according to the water level difference of two adjacent stages of pools, determining the total length of a channel according to the total head drop difference of the upstream and downstream of the channel and the gradient of the channel, and determining the length of the pool chambers according to the total length of the channel and the number of the pool chambers;
(4) and (3) evaluating the hydraulic index under the condition of initial high flow: at a flow rate Q at a gap of neglecting arched weirs 05 Carrying out hydraulic calculation under the condition;
(5) and (3) evaluating the hydraulic index under the condition of low flow: assuming that the water flow completely passes through the notch, the water depth of the notch is equal to the height d from the bottom of the notch of the arch-shaped weir to the top of the arch-shaped weir N Carrying out hydraulic calculation under the condition of (1);
(6) and (3) evaluating the hydraulic index of the composite weir under the condition of medium flow: taking the weir crest and the weir notch into consideration simultaneously, the flow is Q 50 Carrying out hydraulic calculation under the condition of (1);
(7) and (3) evaluating the hydraulic index of the composite weir under the condition of high flow: taking the weir crest and the weir notch into consideration simultaneously, the flow is Q 05 Is subjected to hydraulic calculation.
The Q is 50 The formula is as follows:
wherein W is W Is the arch length of an arch weir, W N For the width of the notch of the arch weir, H W Is the water depth of the weir crest, d N The height from the bottom of the arch-shaped weir notch to the weir crest.
The Q is 05 The formula is as follows:
wherein W is W Is a weir arch long, W N Is the notch width of the arch weir, d N Is from the bottom of the notch of the arch weir to the height of the weir crest, H W Is the water depth of the weir crest.
The design method for the natural fish-passing-imitating channel structure provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) and collecting basic information. Engineering judgment is carried out according to the collected river terrain information to see whether the river needs to be repaired or not; and (5) setting a channel design threshold according to the fish types, the body shape characteristics and the flow resistance. Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,the bottom of the weir notch is up to the height of the weir crest N N d is not less than 2 times of the maximum fish species body of the fish passing object body shape, and the width W of the weir notch is not less than the maximum fish species body of the fish passing object body shape 2 times longerThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein the method comprises the steps of P The width W of the pool is equal to the width of the river channel. Wherein the hydraulic index comprises the water depth H of the weir crest W Flow rate H at weir crest W Sum weir notch flow velocity V N 。
(2) And (5) hydrologic characteristic determination. Determining the maximum flow Q of the river channel within the design period according to the flow frequency curve of the river channel max Determining a design high flow Q 05 Flow rate Q in design 50 And design low flow Q 95 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Determining upstream water level based on hydrologic data and field measurementsAnd downstream water level->Wherein the stone diameter of the stone constituting the arch-shaped weir is formed by Q max Determining that the weir is required to remain stable at maximum flow; wherein the total head drop H of the upstream and downstream of the channel g Equal to the upstream water level->Is->The water level difference D of two adjacent water tanks is defined by->Confirm, guarantee->The maximum gram flow capacity of the fish is smaller than that of the fish, and the value range of the general D is between 0.1m and 0.3 m.
(3) Chi Yan geometry. Number of cells N P Depending on the adjacent two-stage pool water level difference D;the channel slope s is generally less than 1:15Total length of channel L t Depending on the head total drop H of the upstream and downstream of the channel g And a channel gradient s; pool length L P Depending on the total length L of the channel t And cell number N P ； W P The arch weir arch length W is generally 1.5 times the pool width W； W Height P from the weir crest to the river bed is equal to Diameter of stone block； w The weir longitudinal width t being equal to the stone diameter。
The structural design is completed through the three steps, and the designed structure is required to be evaluated by combining fish behaviors under different flow conditions of a river channel.
(4) And under the condition of initial high flow, evaluating the hydraulic index. Under the condition of initial high flow, the hydraulic index is evaluated by neglecting a weir notch, and the flow is Q 05 In this case hydraulic calculations are performed. The formula is:where m is a coefficient and g is the gravitational acceleration, thus according to Q 05 Value canTo determine the water depth H of the weir crest W A value; with known flow and depth, the weir crest flow velocity V can be obtained according to the fluid dynamics continuity equation W . If the flow velocity V of the weir crest W The dam and pool structures are required to be changed when the dam flow speed is higher than the fish gram flow speed, or the dam top flow speed is lower than the fish gram flow speed by reducing the design high flow. The evaluation refers to combining the body shape characteristics and the flow-resistance of the fish to see whether the water depth is lower than the minimum water depth required by fish swimming and whether the flow rate exceeds the flow-resistance of the fish.
(5) And under the condition of low flow, evaluating the hydraulic index. Under the condition of low flow, the hydraulic index is evaluated by assuming that all water flows pass through the notch, the water depth of the notch is equal to the height d from the bottom of the notch to the top of the weir N Is subjected to hydraulic calculation. The formula is:where m is a coefficient and g is the gravitational acceleration, since W is known N And d N So that the water flow can be calculated to completely pass through the notch, the water depth of the notch is equal to the height d from the bottom of the notch to the top of the weir N Flow Q in the case of (2) N The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the With known flow and depth, the notched flow velocity V can be determined from the hydrodynamic continuity equation N . If Q N ＜Q 95 Under the condition of low flow, the water depth of the weir notch is not less than d N Meeting the water depth required by fish; if the notch flow velocity V N The fish flow rate is not higher than the fish flow rate, which indicates that the channel can meet the requirement of fish tracing under the condition of low flow rate design. If the notch flow velocity V N The structure of the weir and the pool needs to be changed when the fish flow rate is higher than the fish flow rate; if Q N ＞Q 95 By reducing the gap width W N To meet the notch depth. The evaluation refers to combining the gram flow capability of the fish to see whether the flow rate exceeds the gram flow capability of the fish and whether the notch water depth meets the requirement.
(6) And under the medium flow condition, evaluating the composite weir hydraulic index. Under the condition of medium flow, the composite weir hydraulic index evaluation considers the weir crest and the weir notch at the same time, and the flow is Q 50 In this case hydraulic calculations are performed.From the formulaAt a known Q 50 Length W of weir arch W Width W of weir notch N And the height d from the bottom of the weir notch to the weir crest N Under the condition, the water depth H of the weir crest can be calculated W Thereby calculating the flow velocity V of the weir crest W Sum weir notch flow velocity V N . If the flow velocity V of the weir crest W Sum weir notch flow velocity V N The fish flow rate is not higher than the gram flow rate of the fish, which indicates that the channel can meet the requirement of fish tracing under the condition of medium flow. Compared with the high flow and low flow, the medium flow calculation is mainly to compare the flow velocity and the water depth under different flow conditions. Wherein, the evaluation refers to combining the gram flow capacity of the fish to see whether the flow rate exceeds the gram flow capacity of the fish.
(7) And under the condition of high flow, evaluating the composite weir hydraulic index. Under the condition of high flow, the composite weir hydraulic index evaluation considers the weir crest and the weir notch simultaneously, and the flow is Q 05 In this case hydraulic calculations are performed. From the formulaAt a known Q 05 Length W of weir arch W Width W of weir notch N And the height d from the bottom of the weir notch to the weir crest N Under the condition, the water depth H of the weir crest can be calculated W Thereby calculating the flow velocity V of the weir crest W Sum weir notch flow velocity V N . If the flow velocity V of the weir crest W Sum weir notch flow velocity V N The fish flow rate is not higher than the fish flow rate, which indicates that the channel can meet the requirement of fish tracing under the condition of high flow rate design. Meanwhile, the formula is as follows: edf= (Q 05 ·D·ρ·g)/[(P W +H W )·L P ·W P ]Q in 05 The water level difference of two adjacent stages is designed to be high in flow rate, D is water level difference of two adjacent stages, rho is water density, g is gravity acceleration and P W Height of weir crest to river bed, H W Is the water depth of a weir crest, L P Length of pool, W P Is the width of the pool. The EDF value of the energy dissipation per unit water amount is required to be smaller than 150W/m3, and if the EDF value is within the design standard, the turbulence of the channel pool in the fish is indicatedClass-up is within an acceptable range. The evaluation refers to combining the gram flow capacity of the fish to see whether the flow speed exceeds the gram flow capacity of the fish and whether the turbulence of the water flow of the water tank meets the requirement.
The 7 steps complete the river course restoration, the natural fish-passing simulation channel design and the channel structure determination. It should be noted that in practice, the choice of the angular river course natural boulders allows the gaps between the arched weir stones to be plugged with relatively small cobbles.
Claims (7)
1. A design method of a natural fish-passing-imitating channel structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the structure comprises a plurality of sections of arched weirs arranged in a river channel, wherein the river channel is divided into a plurality of pool chambers by the arched weirs, the arched weirs are in an arc shape protruding upwards, a notch is formed in the middle section of each arched weir, the height between the bottom of each notch and each arched weir top is not less than 2 times of the height of the largest fish species of the fish passing object, and the width of each notch is not less than 2 times of the length of the largest fish species of the fish passing object;
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) basic information collection: acquiring data of fish types, body shape characteristics and flow resistance, and determining the gap geometric dimension and design threshold of the arch weir according to the data;
(2) hydrologic feature determination: determining the maximum flow of the river channel within the design period according to the river channel flow frequency curve, and determining the design high flow, the design medium flow and the design low flow; determining an upstream water level and a downstream water level according to hydrologic data and field measurement;
(3) chi Yan geometry: determining the total length of the channel according to the total head drop of the upstream and downstream water heads of the channel and the gradient of the channel, further determining the number of the pool chambers according to the water level difference of the two adjacent pools, and determining the length of the single-stage pool chamber according to the total length of the channel and the number of the pool chambers;
(4) and (3) evaluating the hydraulic index under the condition of initial high flow: at a flow rate Q at a gap of neglecting arched weirs 05 Carrying out hydraulic calculation under the condition;
(5) and (3) evaluating the hydraulic index under the condition of low flow: assuming that the water flow completely passes through the notch and the water depth of the notch is equal to the archThe bottom of the weir notch is up to the height d of the arched weir top N Carrying out hydraulic calculation under the condition of (1);
(6) and (3) evaluating the hydraulic index of the composite weir under the condition of medium flow: taking the weir crest and the weir notch into consideration simultaneously, the flow is Q 50 Carrying out hydraulic calculation under the condition of (1);
(7) and (3) evaluating the hydraulic index of the composite weir under the condition of high flow: the flow rate is Q 'while considering both the weir crest and the weir notch' 05 Is subjected to hydraulic calculation.
2. The method for designing a natural fish passage-imitating structure according to claim 1, wherein: the channel formed by the notched arched weir has a slope and the slope is less than 1:15.
3. The method for designing a natural fish passage-imitating structure according to claim 1, wherein: the arch length of the arch weir is 1.2-1.8 times of the average width of the pool chamber.
4. The method for designing a natural fish passage-imitating structure according to claim 1, wherein: the arch-shaped weir is built from stone blocks.
5. The method for designing a natural fish passage-imitating structure according to claim 4, wherein: and the height of the weir at any position on the arched weir is smaller than or equal to the height of the stone.
6. The method for designing a natural fish passage-imitating structure according to claim 1, wherein: the initial high flow Q 05 The formula is as follows:
wherein W is W Is the arch length of an arch weir, H W Is the water depth of the weir crest, m is a coefficient, and g is the gravitational acceleration.
7. Such asThe method for designing a natural fish passage-imitating structure according to claim 1, wherein: said high flow rate Q' 05 Under the condition, the hydraulic calculation of the composite weir has the following formula:
wherein W is W Is a weir arch long, W N Is the notch width of the arch weir, d N Is from the bottom of the notch of the arch weir to the height of the weir crest, H W Is the water depth of the weir crest, m is a coefficient, and g is the gravitational acceleration.
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Inventor after: Jin Zhijun Inventor after: Wang Meng Inventor after: Luo Si Inventor after: Shan Chengkang Inventor after: Ma Weizhong Inventor after: Zhang Qing Inventor after: Wei Lang Inventor after: Chen Fan Inventor after: Chen Guozhu Inventor before: Jin Zhijun Inventor before: Wang Meng Inventor before: Luo Si Inventor before: Shan Chengkang Inventor before: Ma Weizong Inventor before: Zhang Qing Inventor before: Wei Lang Inventor before: Chen Fan Inventor before: Chen Guozhu |