CN116401738A - Mountain area river barrage arrangement and design method suitable for full-section fish crossing - Google Patents

Mountain area river barrage arrangement and design method suitable for full-section fish crossing Download PDF

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CN116401738A
CN116401738A CN202310235332.7A CN202310235332A CN116401738A CN 116401738 A CN116401738 A CN 116401738A CN 202310235332 A CN202310235332 A CN 202310235332A CN 116401738 A CN116401738 A CN 116401738A
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王斌
尤爱菊
徐海波
许开平
杨烨
陈怡�
胡可可
吴剑锋
刘云
王俊敏
叶龙
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Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary
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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of ecological hydraulics. The mountain area river barrage arrangement and design method suitable for full-section fish passing are provided, so that the fish passing requirement of the mountain area river barrage under different hydrologic conditions is met, and technical support is provided for ecological connectivity restoration of a river. The technical proposal is as follows: a mountain area river barrage arrangement and design method suitable for full-section fish passing comprises the following steps: step one, acquiring data; step two, determining a weir surface structure; step three, determining the flow velocity of a slope section at the downstream side; and step four, rechecking the length of the slope section.

Description

Mountain area river barrage arrangement and design method suitable for full-section fish crossing
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ecological hydraulics, in particular to a mountain area river dam arrangement and design method suitable for full-section fish passing.
Background
The barrage is a common small-sized barrage building, water resources such as water flow interception, water storage irrigation, water diversion and power generation, landscape elevation and the like are comprehensively utilized, and water ecological environment improvement benefits are achieved, and the barrage is one of important measures for river courses in mountain areas and small-river-basin treatment projects, especially in recent years, along with the promotion of construction of beautiful rivers and lakes, the landscape, culture and ecological characteristics of the barrage are continuously injected, a plurality of barrage types such as fish scale barrages, jing Danyan, lotus barrages and the like, which are attractive in appearance and good in hydrophilicity, become important water conservancy network red nodes for leisure and travel, and barrage construction and transformation work is a local enthusiasm again. However, the dam design has no definite regulation specification, and the influence of historic and partial areas on river ecology is not known enough, so that the problem of river habitat crushing caused by dam construction is increasingly prominent. According to incomplete statistics, the total number of current barrages in Zhejiang province reaches more than 5 ten thousand, but the barrages have the fish passing capability less than 10%, especially in mountain river courses, the barrages block the connectivity of upstream source areas in the river, become barriers for upstream and downstream migration of aquatic organisms such as fishes, influence the propagation, rope baits, overwintering and other migration behaviors, obviously reduce the biodiversity and population quantity, and present the problems of single variety, simple age structure, low age and miniaturization.
For this reason, it is proposed to erect an artificial fishway on a barrage to restore connectivity of a river, but the fishway proposed in the "water conservancy and hydropower engineering fishway design rules" is focused on medium and large barrages and reservoir dams with medium and high heads, and has poor applicability to small barrages. There are three main common barrage fishway arrangements in the current academia:
firstly, a bypass fishway is formed, namely a newly built channel is arranged outside the embankments at the two sides of the barrage for fish to trace, the arrangement does not affect the barrage main body structure, and the bypass fishway has the characteristic of convenient reconstruction, but meanwhile, the bypass fishway is not applied to actual barrage engineering at present due to the problems of land sign, embankment breaking, investment and the like;
secondly, a section of special fishway is divided on the barrage to be the most commonly used type, but the problems of uncoordinated fishway size, large investment, easy water destruction and the like are all the problems of all parties;
the fish channel of the whole river bed type barrage, namely the structural style that the whole section of the barrage meets the fish passing condition, is the barrage arrangement style with the best structural harmony and landscapes, but due to the lack of definite fish channel control parameters, the fish channel is generally used for barrages with barrages height smaller than 1m, and meets the fish passing condition only when the water quantity is smaller (the water depth of the barrage surface is insufficient when the water quantity is smaller, and the flow velocity exceeds the standard when the water quantity is larger), and the ecology acceptance is relatively low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the background technology, and provides a mountain area river barrage arrangement and design method suitable for full-section fish passing, so as to meet the fish passing requirements of the mountain area river barrage under different hydrologic conditions and provide technical support for ecological connectivity restoration of rivers.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a mountain area river barrage arrangement and design method suitable for full-section fish passing comprises the following steps:
step one, acquiring data
Acquiring river channel data and fish data;
step two, determining a weir surface structure
The dam top and the downstream side slope section of the dam adopt unequal-height sinking structures with low middle and high two sides;
step three, determining the flow velocity of the downstream slope section
Setting the length of a downstream side slope section according to the typical fish burst swimming speed, roughening by adopting a rough stone, and controlling the flow rate of the downstream side slope section of the barrage;
step four, rechecking the length of the slope section
And rechecking the length of the downstream side slope section of the dam according to the height of the dam and the duration of the fish burst swimming speed, and if the length exceeds the upstream length of fish burst swimming, adding a rest pool in the slope section.
The river channel data comprise years of average flow, ecological flow and characteristic frequency of average flow of the river channel in the withest month.
The fish data comprises burst speed, duration time of fish, or burst speed formula
V BF ＝nL
Wherein: v (V) BF The burst swimming speed of the fish is shown, L is the body length of the fish, and n is an empirical coefficient.
The unequal-height sinking structure comprises a main fish passing area, two side fish passing areas and auxiliary fish passing areas which are connected with the main fish passing area and the two side fish passing areas according to a certain gradient.
The second step comprises the following steps: determining the maximum width of the main fish passing area; the water depth of the main fish passing area is more than 10cm (the fish passing object is mainly small fish in a mountain river), and the water surface of the slope section at the lower side extends to the fish passing areas at the two sides when the flow rate is high; the small flow is the average flow of the most withered month with the guarantee rate of more than 90 percent; the larger flow is the ecological flow and above;
the formula of the maximum width is:
Figure SMS_1
wherein: b is the maximum width, Q is the flow, sigma is the side contraction coefficient, m is the flow coefficient, g is the gravitational acceleration, and H is the weir water head;
the actual width of the main fish-passing area is smaller than the maximum width.
In the third step: and a rough stone is arranged in the main fish passing area to roughen, so that the flow velocity of the downstream side slope section of the barrage is smaller than the burst swimming velocity of fish.
In the third step, the height of the rough stones in the main fish passing area is lower than the height of the top of the weir surfaces of the fish passing areas at two sides, a regular Z-shaped upward tracing channel is constructed, and fish upward tracing ports are arranged at the side edges of the main fish passing area.
In the fourth step: the depth and the length of the rest pool are more than or equal to 2 times of the body length of typical fish; the formula of the upstream travel of fish burst swimming is as follows:
L BFS ＝(V BF -V W )×T BF
wherein: l (L) BFS For fish burst swimming distance, T BF The time for fish to burst and swim reaches fatigue.
The Z-shaped rough stone partition boards comprise a plurality of rough stone partition boards which are arranged at a certain interval along the river channel flow direction, each rough stone partition board comprises a plurality of rough stones which are arranged along the width direction of a main fish passing area, one end of each rough stone partition board is provided with a notch to form a fish ascending port, and fish ascending ports of two adjacent rough stone partition boards are arranged in a left-right staggered mode.
The width of the fish tracing opening and the interval between the Z-shaped rough stone partition plates are more than or equal to 2 times of the length of a typical fish body;
the principle of the invention is as follows: the invention combines the swimming capability of fish, and systematically researches the arrangement and design method of mountain river barrages of full-section fish-passing. Firstly, combining the characteristic of large amplitude variation of mountain river flow, forming three fish passing conditions of a main fish passing area, an auxiliary fish passing area and two side fish passing areas by means of local sinking of the weir crest of the main fish passing area and the weir surface of the downstream side of the river channel, and ensuring that when the ecological flow and the characteristic frequency are low, the water flow passing through the weir is concentrated on the main fish passing area and the weir surface of the downstream side of the main fish passing area to form concentrated flow and water depth; meanwhile, through gradual lifting of two sides, when the flow is large, the transition section can form a flow velocity gradient so as to meet the requirements of different types of fishes on the upstream flow velocity. Secondly, according to the burst swimming speed of typical fish, determining the slope of a weir surface and the design of roughness so as to control the down-flowing speed, and determining the single-stage ascending length of the fish by considering the continuous capability of the burst swimming speed of the fish, when the total length of the slope exceeds the single-stage ascending length, setting a rest pool on the weir surface so as to meet the physical energy recovery requirement of the fish, wherein the length of the rest pool is not less than 2 times of the length of the typical fish, and the stable water jump is preferably formed so as to cut down the down-flowing energy of the water flowing in the slope section.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention provides a mountain area river barrage arrangement and design method suitable for full-section fish passing based on biological habits such as fish swimming capability and the like and combined with the hydrologic characteristics of a mountain area river channel, which can meet the condition of fish tracing when the mountain area river channel has different flow rates, fully consider the biological habits such as fish burst swimming speed, burst swimming fatigue time and the like, and greatly improve the fish passing capability of the barrage on the basis of not obviously changing the shape of a conventional barrage; the method can be used for designing the full-section barrage or the partial-section fishway barrage of the mountain river, can maintain or restore the longitudinal connectivity of the river, can realize the fish passing requirements of different fishes under different hydrologic conditions, and has the characteristics of simplicity in operation, wider applicability and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure in the direction A-A in FIG. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a sectional structure in the direction B-B in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a cross-sectional structure in the direction C-C in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of a zigzag stone partition plate of a main fish passing area.
Fig. 6 is a design flow chart of the present invention.
Reference numerals: the water flow direction is represented by arrows, namely a fish passing area 1 on two sides (barrage design barrage), an auxiliary fish passing area 2, a main fish passing area 3, a fish passing area bruise 4 on two sides, an auxiliary fish passing area bruise 5, a main fish passing area bruise 6, a fish upstream opening 7, an upstream river channel 8, a downstream side inclined slope section 9, a rest pool 10, a downstream beach 11, a downstream river channel main groove area 12, a fish outlet 13.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the description of the specific embodiments is intended for purposes of illustration only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
A mountain area river barrage arrangement and design method suitable for full-section fish passing comprises the following steps:
step one, acquiring data
Acquiring river channel data through field investigation or historical data analysis;
the river channel data comprise years of average flow, ecological flow and characteristic frequency of the river channel, namely the average flow of the most withered month;
investigation of the native, economical and protected fish catalogues of the river channel where the barrage is located, and test or investigation for obtaining fish data; the fish data comprises burst swimming speed and duration of fish;
for fish not subjected to experimental observation, the duration time can be 20s, and the burst swimming speed adopts the following formula
V BF ＝nL (1)
Wherein: v (V) BF The swimming speed is m/s for burst of fish; l is the body length of fish, m; n is an empirical coefficient, and 8-12 are taken.
Step two, determining a weir surface structure
The height of the weir crest meets the requirements of river flood discharge, water resource utilization and fish passing in small flow;
the dam top and the downstream side slope section 9 of the dam adopt unequal-height sinking structures with low middle and high two sides;
the different-height sinking structures of the weir crest and the slope section have the same size and shape;
the unequal-height sinking structure is provided with a main fish passing area 3, an auxiliary fish passing area 2 and two side fish passing areas 1 from the middle to the two sides respectively, the weir tops of the main fish passing areas are slightly lower than those of the two side fish passing areas, and the auxiliary fish passing areas are connected with the main fish passing areas and the two side fish passing areas according to a certain gradient so as to ensure that the main fish passing areas and the downstream side inclined slope sections have certain water depths in the case of small flow;
determining the maximum width of the main fish passing area according to hydrological parameters, and ensuring that the water depth of the main fish passing area (comprising a weir crest and a downstream side inclined slope section) is more than 10cm when the small flow rate, such as the most dry month average flow rate above 90% guarantee rate, is ensured, so that the gills of the fish are all immersed in water; when the large flow (ecological flow and above) is ensured, the water surface of the downstream slope section extends to the fish passing areas at the two sides so as to meet the flood discharge and landscape requirements.
The formula of the maximum width is
Figure SMS_2
Wherein: b is the maximum width of the main fish passing area of the barrage, Q is the flow, sigma is the side shrinkage coefficient, m is the flow coefficient, g is the gravitational acceleration, and H is the barrage water head.
The actual width of the main fish passing area is smaller than the maximum width, and the actual width of the main fish passing area is larger than 1m;
and when the ecological flow rate is discharged below the width and the cross section gradient of the auxiliary fish passing area, the main fish passing area and the auxiliary fish passing area are controlled under the condition of full flow.
Step three, determining the flow velocity of the downstream slope section
Setting the length of the downstream side slope section according to the typical fish burst swimming speed, and adopting rough stones (shown as 6 in fig. 3) to control the flow rate of the downstream side slope section of the barrage; the main fish passing area flow velocity in medium and small flow is guaranteed to meet the fish tracing requirement, and the auxiliary fish passing areas on two sides are considered; the auxiliary fish passing area adopts a slope type to transition between the main fish passing area and the fish passing areas at two sides to form fish slopes with different flow rates and water depth gradients so as to meet the requirements of fishes with different body types on the water depth and the flow rate;
the length of the downstream side slope section of the barrage is set according to the height of the barrage, and the ratio of the height of the barrage to the length of the downstream side slope section of the barrage is 1:5 (other ratios can be adopted to control the flow velocity of the slope section to reach V) W Suitably), the flow velocity V of the downstream side inclined slope section W Swimming speed V less than fish burst BF Downstream side slope section flow velocity V W Typically 1.0-2.0m/s (determined specifically by the main subject fish of the fishway);
V BF ＜V W (2)
wherein: v (V) W The flow velocity of the water flow which is discharged from the weir surface of the barrage, m/s.
If the flow velocity V of the downstream side slope section W The requirements cannot be met, rough stones are arranged in the main fish-passing area, and the flow rate is further controlled; the main fish passing area is provided with a regular Z-shaped partition board upward tracing channel through a bruise so as to increase water resistance and reduce flow speed, and the height of the main fish passing area is lower than the top elevation of a weir surface of the fish passing area at two sides so as to prevent the main flow direction from being changed; meanwhile, a fish tracing port 7 is arranged at the side edge of the main fish passing area, and the width of the tracing port is more than or equal to 2 times of the length of a typical fish body;
the auxiliary fish passing area and the two side fish passing areas can be also provided with rough stones (shown as 4 and 5 in figure 3), so that the flow rate is further reduced;
the Z-shaped rough stone partition boards comprise a plurality of rough stone partition boards which are arranged at a certain interval along the river channel flow direction, each rough stone partition board comprises a plurality of rough stones which are arranged along the width direction of a main fish passing area, one end of each rough stone partition board is provided with a notch to form a fish ascending port, and fish ascending ports of two adjacent rough stone partition boards are arranged in a left-right staggered mode. The uppermost fish backtracking mouth is a fish outlet 13, and the lowermost fish backtracking mouth is a fish inlet.
A transverse channel formed between the rough baffle plates and a fish tracing port at one end of the rough baffle plates form a Z-shaped fish tracing channel;
the width of the fish tracing opening and the spacing of the Z-shaped rough stone partition plates are more than or equal to 2 times of the body length of typical fish;
step five, setting up rest pool
Rechecking the length of a downstream side slope section of the dam according to the height of the dam and the duration of the fish burst swimming speed, and if the length exceeds the swimming upstream of the fish burst, adding a rest pool 10 on the downstream side slope section so as to ensure that the fish can be traced in a segmented and time-sharing way; the extending direction of the rest pool is perpendicular to the length direction of the river channel, the rest pool penetrates through the main fish passing area, the auxiliary fish passing area and the fish passing areas at two sides, the depth and the length of the rest pool are more than or equal to 2 times of the length of a typical fish body, a tail ridge is additionally arranged in the rest pool so as to form a stable hydraulic jump, and the slope edge Cheng Dongneng is reduced;
the formula of the upstream travel of fish burst swimming is as follows:
L BFS ＝(V BF -V W )×T BF (3)
wherein: l (L) BFS Distance m travelled by fish burst swimming; t (T) BF For the time of fish burst swimming to reach fatigue s, 20s is generally desirable if there are no experimental parameters.
Examples
The following more typical mountain-area-based river in Fuyang area of Hangzhou, zhejiang was selected as an example
Step one
The average river width of Shujiang is 40m, the height of a designed weir dam is 2m, and the top elevation is 20.0m.
The average flow rate of 9.0m for many years is obtained by investigation 3 Per second, 10% of the annual average flow (ecological flow) is 0.90m 3 Per s,90% guaranteed rate average flow rate of 0.31m for the most withered month 3 Per s,99% guaranteed rate average flow rate of 0.21m for the most withered month 3 /s；
Typical native and economic fishes in the river are small fishes such as salmon, cheilia, and the like, and the fish behavior indexes are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 typical fish behavioral indicators
Figure SMS_3
Step two
And controlling according to the requirement that the water depth on the weir is not lower than 10cm, and calculating the sinking width of the main fish passing area according to a basic formula of the weir flow (free outflow state). The specific formula is as follows:
Figure SMS_4
wherein Q is flow, the average flow of the most withered month of 90 percent of guarantee rate is taken by the main fish passing area, namely 0.21m 3 S; sigma is the side shrinkage coefficient, taking 1; m is a flow coefficient, a hydraulic calculation manual can be checked, the flow coefficient of the curve type practical weir changes along with the water head, and the approximate range of the flow coefficient is 0.42-0.50, and the current time is 0.5; b is the control width of the main fish passing area of the barrage; g is gravity acceleration, 9.81m/s is taken 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the H is the water head on the weir (counted from the top of the weir), and 10cm is taken for this time.
The calculated control width of the weir crest of the main fish passing area is not more than 3.0m, namely, after the control width is smaller than the width, when the average flow rate of the most withered month of the frequency 90% guarantee rate is leaked, the water depth of the weir crest meets the requirements of 10cm and above. According to the actual river width, fish body shape and flow guarantee capability, the width of the main fish passing area of the secondary weir crest is 2m, the lowest crest elevation is 19.8m, rechecking is carried out according to a flow formula, and when the water level is 19.9m, the water flow of the main fish passing area is 0.14m/s 2 The guarantee rate is higher, and the continuous flow can be basically satisfied all the year round.
The actual width of the main fish passing area is fixed according to the fish body length, if 1m is taken, the fish backtracking mouth is taken for 0.4m, and only 0.2m is left in the middle, so that the effect of reducing the flow velocity cannot be achieved. Taking 2m, the middle length is 1.2m, the detour length can be increased, and the flow speed is reduced.
Meanwhile, according to the characteristics of river width, the ecological flow (average flow for more than 10 percent) is 0.85m 3 The design of/s assists the width and the cross section gradient of the fish passing area, and the water depth of the main fish passing area is controlled according to 0.20m, namely the water head on the weir is 0.20m. The total rectangular section width of the main fish passing area and the auxiliary fish passing areas at the two sides is 4.30m, the width of the main fish passing area is removed by 2m, the total rectangular section width of the auxiliary fish passing areas at the two sides is 2.30m, and the gradient of the cross section of the auxiliary fish passing area is 1:23; the width of the two-side auxiliary fish passing area is calculated according to the rectangular section, the width of the two-side auxiliary fish passing area is converted into the actual triangular section width, the width of the two-side auxiliary fish passing area is 2.3m, the total width of the unequal-height sinking structure is 6.6m (2.3m+2.3m+2 m), and the lengths of the two-side fish passing areas are 16.7 respectivelym, see figure 3.
Step three
Through the arrangement of the brucite, the maximum flow rate of the weir surface is controlled not to exceed the burst swimming speed of the salmon and the lipfish, and the traceability is maintained. The downstream face of a conventional barrage is typically controlled at about 1:5, and the downstream side ramp section length is 10m, depending on the barrage height. According to the average burst swimming speed (1.4 m/s) of the cheilinus capitatus (smaller fish), the flow speed of the slope section of the main fish passing area is smaller than the average burst swimming speed of the cheilinus capitatus, certain traceability requirements are reserved, and the flow speed of the main fish passing area of the slope section is controlled to be not more than 1.2m/s through rough stones. The main fish passing area adopts a Z-shaped rough baffle plate with rough stone construction rules as an upward tracing channel, the fish body type is not more than 20cm in the embodiment, and the distances among a fish inlet, a fish outlet and the Z-shaped rough baffle plate are 2 times the typical fish body length, namely 40cm. The two sides of the auxiliary fish passing area can further reduce the flow velocity according to the reduction of the water depth and the change of the roughness.
Step four
The average burst swimming speed of the cheilis is 1.4m/s, the main fish passing area of the slope section controls the flow speed to be 1.2m/s, the distance for the cheilis to trace upwards is 4m according to the continuous burst swimming speed of 20s, and the distance is smaller than the length (10 m) of the slope section at the downstream side;
the improvement scheme is to increase the rest pool, and 2-level rest pools are arranged on the slope section of the downstream side, wherein the pool length and the pool depth are 2 times of the typical fish body length, 0.4m is taken, and the height of the tail ridge is 0.1m according to hydraulic calculation. See fig. 4 for details.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

Claims (10)

1. A mountain area river barrage arrangement and design method suitable for full-section fish passing comprises the following steps:
step one, acquiring data
Acquiring river channel data and fish data;
step two, determining a weir surface structure
The dam top and the downstream side slope section of the dam adopt unequal-height sinking structures with low middle and high two sides;
step three, determining the flow velocity of the downstream slope section
Setting the length of a downstream side slope section according to the typical fish burst swimming speed, roughening by adopting a rough stone, and controlling the flow rate of the downstream side slope section of the barrage;
step four, rechecking the length of the slope section
And rechecking the length of the downstream side slope section of the dam according to the height of the dam and the duration of the fish burst swimming speed, and if the length exceeds the upstream length of fish burst swimming, adding a rest pool in the slope section.
2. The mountain area river barrage arrangement and design method suitable for full-section fish passing according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the river channel data comprise years of average flow, ecological flow and characteristic frequency of average flow of the river channel in the withest month.
3. The mountain area river barrage arrangement and design method suitable for full-section fish passing according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fish data comprises burst speed, duration time of fish, or burst speed formula
V BF ＝nL
Wherein: v (V) BF The burst swimming speed of the fish is shown, L is the body length of the fish, and n is an empirical coefficient.
4. The mountain area river barrage arrangement and design method suitable for full-section fish passing according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the unequal-height sinking structure comprises a main fish passing area, two side fish passing areas and auxiliary fish passing areas which are connected with the main fish passing area and the two side fish passing areas according to a certain gradient.
5. The mountain area river barrage arrangement and design method suitable for full-section fish passing according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the second step comprises the following steps: determining the maximum width of the main fish passing area; the water depth of the main fish passing area is more than 10cm in the small flow, and the water surface of the downstream slope section extends to the fish passing areas at the two sides in the large flow; the small flow is the average flow of 90% guarantee rate in the most withered month; the larger flow is the ecological flow and above;
the formula of the maximum width is:
Figure FDA0004121898240000021
wherein: b is the maximum width, Q is the flow, sigma is the side contraction coefficient, m is the flow coefficient, g is the gravitational acceleration, and H is the weir water head;
the actual width of the main fish-passing area is smaller than the maximum width.
6. The mountain area river barrage arrangement and design method suitable for full-section fish passing according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step: the main fish passing area is provided with a Z-shaped rough stone baffle plate, so that the flow velocity of the downstream side slope section of the barrage is smaller than the burst swimming velocity of fish.
7. The mountain area river barrage arrangement and design method suitable for full-section fish passing according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, the height of the rough stones in the main fish passing area is lower than the top elevation of the weir surfaces of the fish passing areas at the two sides, and fish tracing openings are arranged at the side edges of the main fish passing area.
8. The mountain area river barrage arrangement and design method suitable for full-section fish passing according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fourth step: the depth and the length of the rest pool are more than or equal to 2 times of the body length of typical fish; the formula of the upstream travel of fish burst swimming is as follows:
L BFS ＝(V BF -V W )×T BF
wherein: l (L) BFS For fish burst swimming distance, T BF The time for fish to burst and swim reaches fatigue.
9. The mountain area river barrage arrangement and design method suitable for full-section fish passing according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the Z-shaped rough stone partition boards comprise a plurality of rough stone partition boards which are arranged at a certain interval along the river channel flow direction, each rough stone partition board comprises a plurality of rough stones which are arranged along the width direction of a main fish passing area, one end of each rough stone partition board is provided with a notch to form a fish ascending port, and fish ascending ports of two adjacent rough stone partition boards are arranged in a left-right staggered mode.
10. The mountain area river barrage arrangement and design method suitable for full-section fish passing according to claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the width of the trace-up opening of the fish is greater than or equal to 2 times of the body length of a typical fish.
CN202310235332.7A 2023-03-13 2023-03-13 Mountain area river barrage arrangement and design method suitable for full-section fish crossing Pending CN116401738A (en)

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