JP2012092625A - Vertical fishway - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To restore a natural environment with rearing of swimming fish or the like by developing a fishway capable of constructing an excellent fishway for enabling even bottom swimming fish incapable of jumping and running up to run up at a low cost and width small space, short work and less maintenance, in the case that a level difference is formed in a stream of a middle or small river and the run-up of swimming fish is obstructed.SOLUTION: In the middle of a swimming fish route of a vertical fishway basic cylindrical body 1 produced with a light permeable material, a rotary partition wall 2 which obtains a power source by a limited water head stream bypassing a partition wall and performs a natural automatic continuous operation by a speed reduction mechanism is arranged. The high-speed natural discharge of stored water inside the vertical fishway basic cylindrical body by the water head is prevented, and the flow speed of the swimming fish route is suppressed to the maximum rushing speed or lower.

Description

  The present invention makes it possible to move up the recreational fish including bottom swimming at the steps of facilities such as water intakes that require periodic inspection in rivers, etc., and contributes to the restoration of fish shadows and the promotion of breeding, regardless of the size of the river. It relates to a vertical fishway that can be installed with small space, short construction period, high efficiency of each element, low cost and low maintenance.

  In the previous prior literature, too easy standards were set for inhabiting fish, and how to make a fishway that looks great and has a great variety of fishways and their effective ways to increase the economic ripple effect Although the development of equipment before and after the fishway for operation has been promoted, the installation ratio is small due to budget considerations, and maintenance costs are high, so it is often left unfunctional. The river flow becomes uneven due to the active use of natural energy by measures against global warming in recent years, the protection of inhabited fish that has been an obstacle to promoting the restoration of the natural environment, and the construction of past dams and dams etc. Fish has been unable to lay eggs in upstream rivers and tributaries with a high proportion of spring water, etc., where there is little change in flow rate throughout the year.

  In the case of a level difference between fish and fish by the private sector, a completely misguided technique that compensates for fisheries and a slightly relaxed technique by the release of farmed fish are apparent, and what was generated in the Shizan flood control project was out of the question. In recent years, the development of various effective fishways and research and improvements have been repeated in the restoration of fish shadows, but safety management is being carried out against nature, which is the source of increased construction costs and repeated water disasters. It is difficult to adjust the construction period and the construction of intake facilities in recent years has been in the state of success, not even in promoting the construction of an effective fishway with priority given to economic activities.

Patent Application Publication 9-256350 Patent Application Publication 2000-270552 Patent Application Publication 2004-44273 Patent application 2010-035649 Patent application 2010-191484 Patent application 2010-217984 Patent P3917475

Onitsuka Yuki et al. “Effects of partition wall notch rate on stairway type fishway on run-up rate” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 52, 2008 Tokuaki Masaaki et al. “Study on functional evaluation of fishway in Sabo Gorge”

  From the perspective of long-lasting economic effects on large concrete structures in the left and the actual purpose of construction, questions about technical and financial investment began to rise, and the overall life cycle emerged from the perspective of global warming prevention measures. Similar questions have been raised in the assessment method.

  The construction of a small hydroelectric power plant for active use of natural energy is effective in large economies and warming countermeasures in mountainous countries with many small and medium-sized rivers, but it also involves destruction of the natural environment. It is important that the degree of destruction is small and that the environment of fish living in the mountain stream is not deteriorated. In order to construct a weir for intake, if there is a step in the water flow and hinders the movement of the fish, the swimming fishway is necessary.

In addition, it is necessary to promote the restoration of swimming paths for recreational fish that have been blocked by dams and dams that were constructed in the past. It is difficult to predict in a small space without any installation cost due to the recovery of fish shadows that have been unable to lay eggs and have spawned in upstream rivers and tributaries with a high proportion of spring water, etc., whose flow rate changes little throughout the year. It is a challenge to develop a fishway that can be easily installed even by natural opponents, does not require much trouble in maintenance operations, and that can be enjoyed by recreational fish, including fish that cannot be caught in the riverbed or jumped up and down.

  The first point is that the step that hinders recreational fish has occurred in the up and down direction, and it is not necessary to build a fish path in the horizontal direction for up and down travel, so if you secure an effective fish path in the vertical direction It ’s enough. Fish that live in mountain streams can live in most complicated and harsh natural mountain stream conditions, except for vertical waterfalls with large steps, but attention must also be paid to fish living in the bottom stream.

  The second point is that the instinct and nature for reproductive growth of normal fish and the instinctive nature and sudden movement are accurately grasped and self-excessive facilities are refrained. The water depth pressure is 1 for each block so that it can be used for all heads with light weight that can be easily installed in dams and small that can be installed in narrow spaces. From 2m to 2m, equipped with a small rotating gate for controlling the amount of water passing through, with no burden on the swimming fish, developed an assembly method to reduce construction costs and ensure ease of maintenance as much as possible Securing a route for recreational fish in the river.

  Thirdly, the present invention was developed for the purpose of securing the upstream route of recreational fish efficiently in spite of its small size and light weight. It is unprotected from large driftwoods and boulders, and has a strong water flow such as direct flooding. Since it cannot be installed at the place, consideration is given to overflowing sleeves such as dams and dams that can be avoided, and skillfully combining with water intake, limiting the amount of water and removing dust trash to the inflow section. The structure is given.

FIG. 1 is an overall schematic vertical sectional view showing an example in which the vertical fishway pipe of the present invention is installed in multiple stages when water is taken from the overflow part of a dam or a dam. 2 is a detailed example of a vertical cross section taken along the line Aa of FIG. FIG. 3 is a detailed example of a horizontal horizontal cross section taken along the line B-b of the driving water turbine provided at the bottom of the driving mechanism device built-in chamber of FIG. FIG. 4 is a detailed example of a Cc horizontal section of a reduction pulley provided in the middle of the drive mechanism built-in chamber of FIG. FIG. 5 is a D-d detailed cross-sectional view of a rotating fish chamber partitioned by a main rotating water amount control partition rotating wall provided on the prime mover device built-in chamber of FIG. FIG. 6 is a detailed example of a horizontal cross section of the vertical swimming moving cylinder part E-e of the vertical swimming moving cylinder part arranged on the rotating fish room in FIG.

  The form in which the present invention can be most utilized is not only human economic desire when taking water for power generation or irrigation from the overflow part of an existing dam or dam, but is not functioning at this opportunity or is not considered at all It is possible to secure the fishway for recreational fishing at low cost and low maintenance.

  Detailed embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings and mathematical expressions. In the hydraulic action and the partition wall rotation speed of Equation 1, the partition rotation wall 2 limits the amount of water flowing down the vertical fishway cylinder, which is a basic component of the present invention, so that it does not become excessive due to the falling speed due to the acceleration of gravity. Rotation speed to facilitate swimming movements, including fish that live in the riverbed, including the maximum rushing speed, the theoretical maximum rotation speed of the driving turbine under the acceleration of gravity, the law of energy conservation and Bernoulli's theorem Based on the theoretical value without taking into account the complex resistance of the flow of water over many complex issues, the speed of the partition rotation moving room is reduced by the reduction pulley mechanism and multiplied by the estimated total power load conversion efficiency. This is a theoretical calculation to adjust the flow velocity of the entire tubular fishway so that many migratory fish can move.

  In equation (1), the water velocity spouted from the driving water jet 4f provided in the driving water turbine 4 set at the minimum water flow cross-sectional area in the unit block by the unit vertical tubular fishway head pressure H in FIG. Sw can be calculated by the theoretical value of the maximum speed by the law of conservation of energy and Bernoulli's theorem. The theoretical value at H = 1.8 m is about 6 m / s, and the rotational speed of the water turbine 4 is about 6 times / s (b) Considering the reduction ratio of 1/10 and the conversion efficiency of about 0.5, the rotation speed of the partition rotating moving fish chamber 2r in (c) is adjusted to about once every 3 to 5 seconds, and swimming fish are easy. You can enter the rotating fish chamber 2r.

  Next, the place where the flow velocity in the swimming passage of the recreational fish reaches the maximum is the partition water inlet 3i where the cross-sectional area of the flowing water is the smallest due to the structure of the main fishway, and more than 10 times the total cross-sectional area of the motive water jet 4f By securing it, the number of recreational fishes, including bottom swimming fish, whose maximum rushing speed is higher than this, can be ascended by suppressing it to be slower than 0.6 m / s, which is one-tenth or less of the jet stream water flow.

  FIG. 1 shows a vertical fishway constructed by combining a vertical fishway basic cylinder 1 with the vertical fishway according to the present invention in order to secure a fishway for recreational fish when water is taken from the overflow part of a dam with a drop of about 5 m. The overall outline is a vertical sectional view, and the swimming passage part is made of a transparent or semi-transparent material because the fish has the property of hating darkness during daylight. The recreational fish 11 inhabiting the downstream river 9b swims in the lower river connection passage 8 to be connected and passes through the vertical fishway tubular lower opening 1b of the main fishway, and the upper part is partitioned by the partition rotating wall 2 in the horizontal direction by the upper partition wall 3a. Arrived at the rotating and moving fish chamber 2r. The fish chamber 2r is rotating slowly and moved to the opposite side of the central axis of the basic cylinder 1, and the upper partition wall 3a is opened by the partition water inlet 3i. Is configured to serve both as an opening and closing gate that moves up and down, and the fish 11 can freely move in accordance with the movement of the partition wall 2. The upper part of the partition water inlet 3i secures a vertical step distance in the basic cylindrical main reservoir water 10t portion in the basic cylindrical body 1, and the water flow is gently lowered, so that the fish can take food and rest. The top surface of the basic cylinder is covered with a vertical fishway cylinder head pressure adjustment pipe 1h, and the flowing water flows in from the vertical fishway cylinder upper port 1a provided at the upper part of the cylinder 1, and of course the recreational fish You can come and go freely in running water.

  In the case of multi-stage connection, multi-stage connection can be easily made by connecting to the upper bottom basic cylinder lower port 1b by the vertical fishway multi-stage connection path 6. The supply of running water to the uppermost multi-stage connection is 7m etc. at the main point of the water intake equipment installed in the overflow section of the upstream river and other 9a dams and dams, and the bypass route dedicated to the fishway. The large and middle dust is directed to the side and discharged to the downstream side by the water force without staying there, so that only small water of about 4 cm or less passing through the screen gap can be taken in the service water side. . The fishway water to the vertical fishway has a mechanical component inside this vertical fishway, and it becomes a hindrance, so the light at the discharge destination is invisible so that it is difficult for the fish to enter by mistake so as to eliminate a large amount of rocks and sand at the time of flooding. A mudflow elimination dust discharge port 7d that forms a large bending portion is provided to prevent a large amount of muddy water from entering the fishway portion. The vertical fishway water from which most of the dust has been removed constitutes a water channel so as to flow into the vertical fishway cylinder upper opening 1a.

  FIG. 2 shows a detailed example of a vertical cross section of the vertical fishway basic cylinder 1 taken along the line Aa shown in FIG. 6. The bottom bottom of the vertical fishway basic cylinder 1 discharges stray sand and water for motive water. A discharge water flow chamber is provided to flow down to the lower river connecting passage 8 through the vertical fishway tubular jet passage 1c. The upper part is the driving turbine 4, the upper part is the speed reduction pulley mechanism, and the upper part is the bottom of the river where the maximum rushing swimming speed is slow and the purpose is to prevent the flowing water in the vertical fishway basic cylinder from falling freely due to head pressure and moving fast. Rotating and moving fish chambers 2r are arranged so that even the fish that live in the river can run up, and the water discharged to the lower river connecting channel 8 is wide open from the lower end to the upper end of the rotating fish chamber to reduce the flow velocity, The entrance water can be made to flow down along the same path as a swimming fish that is provided with a partition water inlet 3i at the upper part on the opposite side of the shaft and is provided with a dust guide 3g, and the dust is also dropped with running water.

  FIG. 3 is a detailed example of a horizontal section of the driving turbine 4 in the B-b section shown in FIG. 2, and the driving turbine jet water Wj from the driving turbine jet outlet 4f is the same axis as the central axis of the vertical fishway basic cylinder 1. Due to the reaction of the flow velocity energy, the driving turbine 4 rotates in the direction opposite to the jet flow. The hydraulic action is as already described in Equation 1.

  4 is a detailed example of a horizontal section of the reduction pulley mechanism of the section Cc shown in FIG. 2, and the axis of the reduction second pulley 5b connected to the reduction first pulley 5a directly connected to the driving turbine 4 is the partition wall rotation. A reduction mechanism is constituted by a reduction third pulley 5c that is shared with the drive shaft 2p and is fixed to the vertical fishway basic cylinder 1 on the opposite side to the pulley axis. Therefore, the partition wall rotation drive shaft 2p shared with the rotation shaft of the speed reduction second pulley 5b connected by the rotation of the speed reduction first pulley 5a directly connected to the driving turbine 4 is set as the rotation axis, and the partition wall rotation shaft 2z is set as the revolution axis. The satellite will rotate. The connecting contact portion of each pulley has a flexible mechanism so that it can withstand some bites of sand and the like and can be eliminated naturally. The revolution ratio of the first deceleration pulley 5a and the partition wall rotation drive shaft 2p is half the reciprocal of the diameter of the contact surface outer core of the fixed third pulley with respect to the diameter of the contact surface outer core of the first slide. It becomes about 1/10 in the configuration.

  FIG. 5 is a detailed example of a horizontal section of the partition wall rotating and moving fish chamber 2r of the D-d section shown in FIG. 2, and the partition rotating and moving fish chamber passing water flow screen 2s is divided between the rooms partitioned by the partition rotating wall 2. There is no circulation other than the water flow that passes through the small hole provided to secure the water flow for automatic natural backwashing of the water and the water flowing through the gap between the vertical fishway basic cylinder 1 and the rotating wall 2, and the water flow can move freely directly. The water flow that is configured so as not to be able to pass through the screen 2s disposed at the bottom of the partition wall rotation moving fish chamber 2r, removes dust, and reaches the driving turbine 4 from the speed reduction mechanism portion is shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 and the vertical fishway tubular jet path 1c shown in the figure becomes the main water flow, and the total water flow including the above-described gap flow flows down to the lower river connecting passage 8.

  FIG. 6 is a detailed example of a horizontal cross section of the flowing water upper entrance portion of the EE portion shown in FIG. 2, and shows a case where the upper partition wall rotating moving fish chamber 2 r and the vertical fishway multistage connection path 6 are connected in a multistage connection. Show. The water flow including the dust supplied from the vertical fishway cylinder upper opening 1a gently descends in the water column of the vertical fishway basic cylinder 1 and is guided to the partition water inlet 3i by the dust guide 3g and the upper partition wall 3a. It is poured into the aforementioned partition wall rotation moving fish chamber 2r. The location of the partition water inlet 3i and the vertical fishway cylinder lower port 1b are located on the opposite side of the cylinder center axis across the partition rotation wall 2, so that only a small amount of crevice water flow passes through and is spontaneously released in large quantities directly with water head pressure. It will not be done. By connecting with the vertical fishway multistage connection path 6, the inflow and outflow are repeated in the case of multistage connection.

  To describe the whole again, the rotation moving fish chamber 2r that automatically rotates automatically by the control shown in Equation 1 is sized to fit the fish inhabiting the installed river, and the water flow by the unit head pressure H passes through the partition water inlet 3i. It slowly enters the partition rotation moving fish chamber 2r from the top to the bottom, passes through the lower partition wall 3b fixed with the dust removed by the partition rotation movement fish chamber passing water flow screen 2s, and arrives at the drive mechanism built-in chamber. The water passes through a gap of the reduction pulley mechanism in the room or a water flow hole provided in the pulley, and proceeds from a water flow hole provided in the upper surface of the driving water wheel 4 to a water reservoir in the water wheel. The hydraulic head pressure energy stored in the driving water turbine 4 becomes the driving water turbine jet water Wj so as to give reaction water rotational energy to the water turbine from the driving water jet port 4f whose sectional area is set to control the amount of water. The obtained rotational energy gives a force to rotate and move the partition rotating wall 2 at an appropriate speed with respect to the recreational fish, and the recreational fish that entered the partitioned fish compartment is also revolved, and the vertical fishway cylinder lower mouth 1b and It becomes possible to freely travel through the partition water inlet 3i.

  Now, the theme of the recreational fish is going up, but the downstream river 9b shown in the lowermost part of FIG. 1 is often used as a water catcher for overflowing water such as dams and dams. In the absence of a fishway, the recreational fish that went up to the upstream continued to swim around the reed and the reed, where there is a flow that somewhere upstream. The fishery instinct takes its course from the back to the back or up so as not to be unreasonable when there is a flow. At the same time, the lower river connecting path 8 is connected to the part with a slope and an inner surface shape such that the flow rate is 0.7 m / s or less, which is less than the durable swimming speed of the inhabited migratory fish. The partition rotary wall 2 sequentially passes through the lower part of the vertical fishway cylinder lower opening 1b described above, and the dead end portion of the entering fish becomes the partition rotary moving fish chamber 2r and automatically rotates naturally. When the partition water inlet 3i is opened and only swims in the direction of the water flow, it can enter the 10t portion of the basic cylindrical main reservoir that slowly descends and can freely come and go freely to take food and rest. It becomes possible. Also when descending, when descending the flow column in accordance with the water flow and entering the partition water inlet 3i, the automatic movement of the partition rotation moving fish chamber 2r arrives at the opening of the vertical fishway cylinder lower port 1b as described above. It is possible to reach the downstream river 9b through the river connecting path 8. Therefore, the recreational fish can safely and freely travel between upstream rivers and downstream rivers, etc., using the vertical fishway provided at a step where it cannot travel as a bypass route.

  The present invention is cut off at a place where a dam or dam such as a river, a natural waterfall, etc. has a step difference or a high-speed flow, and the upstream of the recreational fish is blocked or construction of a small hydroelectric power plant or an intake weir for irrigation It is an epoch-making thing that can provide a good fish path for swimming fish, including fish living in the river bottom, which are not good at low cost maintenance with low-cost maintenance, and going up in search of a good spawning place There is a lot of recreational fish and fish shadows to play, and natural recovery can be expected dramatically. In addition, when the recreational fish path shown in FIG. 1 is made of a transparent material, the state of the recreational fish swimming up and down can be easily observed from the outside, and a natural recovery learning effect can be greatly expected.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vertical fishway basic cylinder 1a Vertical fishway cylinder upper part 1b Vertical fishway cylinder lower part 1c Vertical fishway cylinder jet flow path 1h Vertical fishway cylinder head adjustment pipe 2 Partition rotation wall 2g Partition rotation movement Fish chamber jet guide 2r Partition rotation Moving fish chamber 2s Partition rotating moving fish chamber passing water flow screen 2p Partition wall rotation drive shaft 3a Upper partition wall 3b Lower partition wall 3g Dust guide 3i Partition water inlet 4 Driving water turbine 4f Driving water outlet 4n Driving water outlet 5a Decreasing first One pulley 5b Deceleration No. 2 pulley 5c Deceleration third pulley 6 Vertical fishway multistage connection 7 Upper channel, etc. 7d Mudflow exclusion discharge port 7s Dust rough removal comb blade screen, etc. 8 Lower river connection channel 8v Connection channel flow rate adjuster 9a Upstream river Etc. 9b Downstream rivers, etc. 10 Flowing water 10t Main cylinder main reservoir water 11 Recreational fish 11e Recreational fish 12 Garbage H unit water head pressure Wj motive for hydraulic turbine jet water

Claims (1)

  In a stepped fishway, a natural automatic continuous operation is achieved by a speed reduction mechanism by obtaining a power source by a restricted head pressure water flow that bypasses the partition wall in a part of the recreational fish course of the vertical fishway basic cylinder 1 made of light-transmitting material. Rotating partition wall 2 is installed to prevent high-speed spontaneous release of stored water in the vertical fishway basic cylinder 1 due to water head pressure, and the flow speed of the recreational fish path is kept below the maximum rushing speed. A vertical fishway with no limit in vertical distance by vertically stacking bottom swimming fish that cannot be run up.

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