CN114342869B - Swimming bladder air supplementing device and method for submerged culture of cold-water fishes in warm sea area in summer - Google Patents
Swimming bladder air supplementing device and method for submerged culture of cold-water fishes in warm sea area in summer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture and ocean resource development. Aiming at the problems that the existing submerged fish air supplement device needs to domesticate fish, the using method is complex, and the optimal air supplement effect cannot be exerted at the initial domestication stage, the air supplement device and the air supplement method for the swim bladder of the submerged fish in the warm sea area in summer are provided. The device comprises an air supplementing pool, a water pumping system and a water draining and fish guiding system; the bottom of the aeration tank is an inclined plane and floats in the culture net cage; the water pumping system comprises a cold water layer water pumping pipe, a warm water layer water pumping pipe and a water pump; the water drainage fish guide system comprises a water drainage fish guide pipe and a fish guide net wall. The invention utilizes the habit of fish countercurrent motion to guide the submerged fish into the air replenishing pool floating on the water surface, so that the stability and the reliability of air replenishing of the swim bladder of the submerged fish in warm sea areas in summer are higher, and the healthy growth of the submerged fish can be ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture and ocean resource development, and relates to a swimming bladder air supplementing device and method for submerged culture of cold-water fishes in warm sea areas in summer.
Background
The negative effect of the offshore net cage fish culture on the environment has attracted people's attention, and the development of the seawater fish culture from the offshore net cage to the offshore (deep open sea) net cage has become the inevitable choice for the sustainable development of the mariculture industry. People often need to submerge the fish-raising net cages in a certain water layer under water in stages so as to utilize cold water resources at the lower part of the summer ocean or deeper water body to avoid enemy organisms of the cultured fishes or continuously avoid typhoons. However, the long-term sinking of the net cage under water for cultivation can affect the normal life and growth of some fishes.
People research swimming bladder (also called as swim bladder and swimming bladder) fishes, and find that after the fishes are continuously limited in underwater life for two weeks, gas in the swim bladders can be partially lost and cannot be supplemented, buoyancy of fish bodies can be influenced, namely, swimming speed of the fishes is increased, growth speed of the fishes is reduced, and the fishes are deformed in severe cases. Therefore, for the fishes, a device for supplementing air to the air lost swim bladders of the fishes is arranged during the long-time caisson culture.
The patent with the application number of CN201710870349.4 discloses an air supplementing device for a settleable fish culture cage, air of swimming bladders is supplemented for submerged cultured fishes, domestication needs to be carried out on the cultured fishes by using the device, so that the cultured fishes find the air in an air supplementing cover, the domestication effect directly influences the air supplementing effect, and the domestication time is usually different from several days to more than ten days, so that the using method of the device is complex, and the optimal air supplementing effect cannot be exerted in the initial domestication stage. Based on the above, the invention provides a device which does not depend on domestication and can quickly supplement air for submerged cultured fishes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing submerged fish air supplement device needs to domesticate fish, the using method is complex, and the optimal air supplement effect cannot be exerted in the early domestication stage, and provides the air supplement device and the air supplement method for the submerged fish in the warm sea area in summer.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the invention provides a swim bladder air supplement device for submerged culture of cold water fishes in warm sea areas in summer, which comprises an air supplement pool, a water pumping system and a water drainage and fish guiding system, wherein the top of the air supplement pool is provided with a floating frame, the bottom of the air supplement pool is an inclined plane and floats in a culture net box;
the water pumping system comprises a cold water layer water pumping pipe, a warm water layer water pumping pipe and a water pump, wherein a water outlet of the water pump is arranged in the air supplementing pool and faces one side of the air supplementing pool, and water sprayed from the water pump enables directional rotating water flow to be formed in the air supplementing pool; the upper end openings of the cold water layer water pumping pipe and the warm water layer water pumping pipe are connected with the water pump, the lower end openings are respectively positioned below the thermocline of the aquaculture water body and in the warm water layer, the lower end openings are provided with fish blocking nets, when the cold water layer water pumping pipe works, the warm water layer water pumping pipe does not work, and when the warm water layer water pumping pipe works, the cold water layer water pumping pipe does not work;
the water drainage and fish guide system comprises a water drainage and fish guide pipe and a fish guide net wall, wherein the upper opening of the water drainage and fish guide pipe is arranged at the deeper side in the aeration tank, and the lower opening of the water drainage and fish guide pipe is positioned in a water layer for fish activities under a thermocline of a water body; the fish guiding net walls are arranged on two sides of the upper opening of the fish guiding pipe in an 'eight' shape, one wider end faces to the side wall of the air supplementing pool, and when air supplementing is completed, the fish guiding net wall on the side facing the swimming of the fish swarm is unfolded towards the side wall of the air supplementing pool.
Further, the air supplement pool is made of light materials.
Furthermore, the water pump is one, and when cold water pipe during operation, the upper end opening of cold water layer drinking-water pipe is connected the water pump, the upper end opening of warm water layer drinking-water pipe not with the water pump is connected, and vice versa the same reason.
Furthermore, the water pump is two, connects cold water layer drinking-water pipe and warm water layer drinking-water pipe respectively, and when cold water pipe during operation, the water pump of connecting warm water layer drinking-water pipe does not start, and vice versa.
Furthermore, the cold water layer water pumping pipe and the water drainage fish guiding pipe are both telescopic structures with adjustable lengths.
Furthermore, the horizontal height of the upper opening of the drainage fish guide pipe is the same as or slightly higher than the bottom of the air supplementing pool.
Further, the water pump is arranged on the floating frame.
Further, the air supplementing pool is circular or rectangular.
Furthermore, lead fish net wall and include frame, netting and direction cable, the netting is fixed on the frame, the direction cable sets up and is used for removing and lead fish net wall on the frame.
On the other hand, the invention provides a swim bladder air supplement method for the submerged culture of cold-water fishes in the warm sea area in summer, which utilizes the swim bladder air supplement device for the submerged culture of the cold-water fishes in the warm sea area in summer to carry out the operation comprising the following steps:
firstly, a cold water layer water pumping pipe extends downwards to a specific water layer, a water pump is started, deep cold water is pumped into an air supplementing pool, and directional rotating water flow is formed in the air supplementing pool;
secondly, extending the water drainage and fish guide pipe to a position below the thermocline, wherein the cold water starts to flow downwards through the water drainage and fish guide pipe along with the gradual replacement of the high-temperature water in the aeration tank by the cold water, and the cultured fishes flow backwards and flow through the fish guide net wall to enter the water drainage and fish guide pipe and then enter the aeration tank;
thirdly, feeding floating pellet feed to the cultured fishes entering the air replenishing pool, and realizing air replenishing of the swim bladders while feeding the floating feed to the cultured fishes;
fourthly, after the fish density in the aeration pool is high or the air supply of swim bladders by the fish is finished, stopping the water pump, expanding the fish guiding net wall on the swimming side of the fish swarm towards the pool wall of the aeration pool, and guiding the fish swarm to enter a water drainage fish guiding pipe and return to the lower water of the thermocline;
fifthly, connecting a water pump with a warm water layer water pumping pipe, starting the water pump, and gradually driving the cultured fishes to return to the water below the thermocline through a water drainage and fish guide pipe by utilizing the surface layer high-temperature water;
sixthly, when the water flow in the aeration pool is weak or the density of the fishes is low, the fishes are driven by a net, and the bred fishes are driven back to the water below the thermocline by the drainage and fish guide pipe.
The above steps may be repeated several times a day.
Fishing operations may also be performed between the third and fourth steps.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the swim bladder air supplement device for the submerged culture of cold water fishes in summer in warm sea areas is realized by guiding the submerged culture fishes into the air supplement pool floating on the water surface by utilizing the habit of the countercurrent movement of the fishes. The device of the invention ensures that the air supplement stability and reliability of the swimming bladder are higher, and can ensure the healthy growth of the submerged cultured fishes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of the air supplement device for swimming bladder with air supplement according to the embodiment, wherein the arrow indicates the water flow direction.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the air supplement device with swim bladder of the embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the air supplement device with swim bladder of the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is the top view of the air supplement device after completing air supplement, wherein the arrow indicates the swimming direction of the fish.
In the above figure, 1, a gas supply tank; 2. a cold water layer water pumping pipe; 3. a warm water layer water pumping pipe; 4. a water draining and fish guiding pipe; 5. a fish guiding net wall; 6. a water pump; 7. and (4) floating frames.
Examples of specific applications
In order to better understand the invention, the invention is further explained by taking a 'dark blue No. 2' aquaculture net cage (with the diameter of 80 m) for culturing oncorhynchus mykiss in the sea area of yellow sea cold water mass as an example and combining with the attached drawings.
A swimming bladder air supplement device for submerged culture of cold water fishes in warm sea areas in summer is shown in figures 1, 2 and 3 and comprises an air supplement pool 1, a water pumping system and a water drainage and fish guiding system.
The air supplement pool 1 is made of light materials and is a cylinder with the diameter of 15m and the height of 5 m; the bottom of the air supplementing pool 1 is provided with a slope of 10 degrees, one side of a cold water layer water pumping pipe 2 and one side of a warm water layer water pumping pipe 3 are shallow, and one side of a water drainage and fish guiding pipe 4 is deep; the water body of the aeration pool 1 is about 1100m 3 (ii) a The top periphery of the aeration tank 1 is provided with a floating frame 7 made of HDPE material, and the floating frame 7 floats in the aquaculture net cage.
The pumping system consists of a cold water layer pumping pipe 2, a warm water layer pumping pipe 3 and a water pump 6. The cold water layer water pumping pipe 2 is made of a telescopic annular pipe, the diameter of the telescopic annular pipe is 300mm, and the length of the telescopic annular pipe is adjustable; the maximum length is 35m, and the lower opening of the water pump is ensured to be positioned below the thermocline of the aquaculture water body, so that water with the optimal temperature for the aquaculture fish in a specific water layer can be pumped. The diameter of the warm water layer water pumping pipe is 300mm, the length of the warm water layer water pumping pipe is 3m, the lower opening of the warm water layer water pumping pipe is positioned in the warm water layer, and upper layer warm water can be pumped. The upper openings of the cold water layer water pumping pipe 2 and the warm water layer water pumping pipe 3 are connected to the water pump 6, the water pump 6 is arranged on the floating frame 7, and water flow is laterally sprayed out through the water pump 6, so that directional rotating water flow is formed in the air supply pool 1. The lower openings of the cold water layer water pumping pipe 2 and the warm water layer water pumping pipe 3 are covered by a fish blocking net to prevent cultured fishes from being sucked. Can make 6 connection cold water layer drinking-water pipe 2 or warm water layer drinking-water pipe 3 of water pump extract the sea water as required, to water injection in the tonifying qi pond 1, cold water layer drinking-water pipe 2 during operation, warm water layer drinking-water pipe 3 is out of work, and warm water layer drinking-water pipe 3 during operation, cold water layer drinking-water pipe 2 is out of work.
The performance parameters of the water pump 6 are 600 cubic meters of water discharge per hour, the power is about 40Kw, the water inlet speed is about 2.4m/s, the diameter of the water discharge fish guide pipe 4 is 900mm, and the water discharge speed is about 0.8m/s;
the water drainage fish guide system is composed of a water drainage fish guide pipe 4 and a fish guide net wall 5. The diameter of the drainage fish guide pipe 4 is 900mm, the upper opening is positioned in the air supply pool 1, and the horizontal height is the same as or slightly higher than the bottom of the air supply pool 1; the water drainage fish guide pipe 4 is of a telescopic structure, the length of the fish guide pipe can be adjusted according to the change of the thermocline, and the lower opening of the fish guide pipe is positioned on a water layer for fish activities under the thermocline of the water body. Two sides of the water drainage and fish guiding pipe are provided with 2 fish guiding net walls 5. The fish guiding net wall 5 consists of a frame, a polyethylene net and a guide rope, wherein the net is fixed on the frame, and the guide rope is arranged on the frame and used for moving the fish guiding net wall. When air is supplied, the fish guiding net walls 5 are arranged in a splayed shape (as shown in figures 1 and 3), the wider end faces the side wall of the air supply pool, and the narrower end faces the middle part of the air supply pool. When the air supplement is finished, the fish guiding net wall 5 at the side where the fish herds swim is unfolded towards the side wall of the air supplement tank 1.
When swimming bladders for warming the submerged cultivation of cold water fishes in the sea area in summer invigorate air, the swimming bladder invigoration device is placed in a cultivation net cage, a cold water layer water pumping pipe 2 extends downwards to a specific water layer, the cold water layer water pumping pipe 2 is connected with a water pump 6, the water pump 6 is started, deep cold water is pumped into an invigoration pool 1, and directional rotating water flow is formed in the invigoration pool; with continuous pumping, the high-temperature water in the air supply tank 1 is gradually replaced by cold water; when cold water begins to flow out through the water drainage and fish guide pipe 4, the lower opening of the water drainage and fish guide pipe 4 is placed below a thermocline, and cultured fishes enter the water drainage and fish guide pipe 4 to swim into the air replenishing pool 1 in a reverse water mode; feeding floating pellet feed to the fishes in the air replenishing pool 1, and realizing air replenishing of the swimming bladder when the cultured fishes ingest the floating feed; after the fish density is high or the air supplement of the swim bladders is finished in the air supplement pool 1, stopping the water pump 6, expanding the fish guiding net wall 5 facing the swimming direction of the fish school to the side wall of the air supplement pool (as shown in figure 4), and guiding the fish school to enter the water drainage fish guiding pipe 4 and return to the water below the thermocline; connecting a water pump 6 with a warm water layer water pumping pipe 3, starting the water pump 6, and gradually driving the cultured fishes back to the water below the thermocline through a water drainage and fish guide pipe 3 by utilizing the surface layer high-temperature water; when the water flow in the aeration tank 1 is weak or the fish density is low, the net can be used for driving, so that the cultured fishes can be completely driven back to the water below the thermocline through the water drainage and fish guide pipe 3. May be repeated several times during the day.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A swim bladder air supplement method for the submerged culture of cold water fishes in the warm sea area in summer is characterized in that an swim bladder air supplement device for the submerged culture of the cold water fishes in the warm sea area in summer is utilized to carry out the operation comprising the following steps:
firstly, a cold water layer pumping pipe extends downwards to a specific water layer, a water pump is started, deep cold water is pumped into an air supplementing pool, and directional rotating water flow is formed in the air supplementing pool;
secondly, extending the water drainage and fish guide pipe to a position below the thermocline, wherein the cold water starts to flow downwards through the water drainage and fish guide pipe along with the gradual replacement of the high-temperature water in the aeration tank by the cold water, and the cultured fishes flow backwards and flow through the fish guide net wall to enter the water drainage and fish guide pipe and then enter the aeration tank;
thirdly, feeding floating pellet feed to the cultured fishes entering the air replenishing pool, and realizing air replenishing of the swim bladders while feeding the floating feed to the cultured fishes;
fourthly, after the fish density in the aeration pool is high or the air supply of swim bladders of the fish is finished, stopping the water pump, unfolding the fish guiding net wall on the swimming side of the fish swarm towards the pool wall of the aeration pool, and guiding the fish swarm to enter a water drainage and fish guiding pipe to return to the water below the thermocline;
fifthly, connecting a water pump with a warm water layer water pumping pipe, starting the water pump, and gradually driving the cultured fishes to return to the water below the thermocline through a water drainage and fish guide pipe by utilizing the surface layer high-temperature water;
sixthly, when the water flow in the aeration pool is weak or the fish density is low, the net is used for driving, and the cultured fishes are driven to return to the water below the thermocline through the drainage fish guide pipe;
the swimming bladder air supplement device for submerged cultivation of cold water fishes in the warm sea area in summer comprises an air supplement pool, a water pumping system and a water drainage and fish guiding system, wherein a floating frame is arranged at the top of the air supplement pool, and the bottom of the air supplement pool is an inclined plane and floats in a cultivation net cage;
the water pumping system comprises a cold water layer water pumping pipe, a warm water layer water pumping pipe and a water pump, wherein a water outlet of the water pump is arranged in the air supplementing pool and faces one side of the air supplementing pool, and water sprayed from the water pump enables directional rotating water flow to be formed in the air supplementing pool; the upper end openings of the cold water layer water pumping pipe and the warm water layer water pumping pipe are connected with the water pump, the lower end openings are respectively positioned below the thermocline of the aquaculture water body and in the warm water layer, and the lower end openings are provided with fish blocking nets;
the water drainage and fish guide system comprises a water drainage and fish guide pipe and a fish guide net wall, wherein the upper opening of the water drainage and fish guide pipe is arranged at the deeper side in the aeration tank, and the lower opening of the water drainage and fish guide pipe is positioned in a water layer for fish activities under a thermocline of a water body; the fish guiding net walls are arranged on two sides of the upper opening of the fish guiding pipe in an 'eight' shape, one wider end faces to the side wall of the air supplementing pool, and when air supplementing is completed, the fish guiding net wall on the side facing the swimming of the fish swarm is unfolded towards the side wall of the air supplementing pool.
2. The air supplementing method of swimming bladders for submerged cultivation of cold-water fishes in the summer in the warm sea area according to claim 1, wherein the air supplementing pond is made of light materials.
3. The air supplementing method for swimming bladders used for submerged cultivation of cold-water fishes in warm sea areas in summer according to claim 1, wherein the number of the water pumps is one, when the cold water pipe works, the upper end opening of the cold water layer water pumping pipe is connected with the water pumps, the upper end opening of the warm water layer water pumping pipe is not connected with the water pumps, and vice versa.
4. The air supplementing method for swimming bladders used for submerged cultivation of cold-water fishes in warm sea areas in summer according to claim 1, wherein the number of the water pumps is two, the two water pumps are respectively connected with a cold water layer water pumping pipe and a warm water layer water pumping pipe, when the cold water pipe works, the water pump connected with the warm water layer water pumping pipe is not started, and vice versa.
5. The air supplementing method for swimming bladders used for submerged cultivation of cold-water fishes in warm sea areas in summer according to claim 1, wherein the water pumping pipe and the water draining and fish guiding pipe of the cold water layer are both telescopic structures with adjustable lengths.
6. The air bladder air replenishing method for submerged cultivation of cold-water fishes in warm sea areas in summer according to claim 1, wherein the level of the upper opening of the drainage and fish guiding pipe is the same as or slightly higher than the bottom of the air replenishing pool.
7. The air supplementing method for swimming bladders used for submerged cultivation of cold-water fishes in the summer in the warm sea area according to claim 1, wherein the water pump is arranged on the floating frame.
8. The air supplementing method for swimming bladders of cold-water fishes submerged in summer in warm sea areas according to claim 1, wherein the air supplementing pool is circular or rectangular.
9. The air replenishing method for swimming bladders for submerged cultivation of cold-water fishes in warm sea areas in summer according to claim 1, wherein the fish guiding net wall comprises a frame, a net and guide cables, the net is fixed on the frame, and the guide cables are arranged on the frame and used for moving the fish guiding net wall.
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| CN202210091787.1A CN114342869B (en) | 2022-01-26 | 2022-01-26 | Swimming bladder air supplementing device and method for submerged culture of cold-water fishes in warm sea area in summer |
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| CN202210091787.1A CN114342869B (en) | 2022-01-26 | 2022-01-26 | Swimming bladder air supplementing device and method for submerged culture of cold-water fishes in warm sea area in summer |
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| CN117643273B (en) * | 2023-12-08 | 2024-04-19 | 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(湛江) | Seawater fish domestication device and domestication method |
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