CN108614915A - Hydrological model based on scene driving freely sets up strategy process - Google Patents
Hydrological model based on scene driving freely sets up strategy process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of hydrological models based on scene driving freely to set up strategy process, and step is：1) data are evaporated in figure layer data, topological structure and the rainfall for forming target basin；2) Runoff Model, slope concentration model and concentration of channel model in target basin are determined；3) flood is taken passages；4) parameter calibration；5) it verifies；6) Runoff calculation is carried out successively, slope concentration calculates, concentration of channel calculating obtains target basin discharge process until calculating to target section.The present invention solves the production Confluence Model unicity problem on each computing unit in conventional model modeling pattern, hydrological model is built into the geographical spatial data processing softwares of needs, prototype software, parameter rating of the model Tool integration, freely arranging in pairs or groups and combining for production Confluence Model is carried out to each computing unit, user can select according to the actual needs of simulation, improve modeling efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water conservancy information technology field, refers specifically to a kind of hydrological model driven based on scene and freely set up plan
Summary and method.
Background technology
Watershed Hydrologic Models are the products that hydrological science is combined with computer science, are the hydrology sections that information revolution is brought up
A research field with vitality in.Since over half a century, there are a large amount of description watershed hydrologic cycle processes
Hydrological model, there are the Watershed Hydrologic Models at least as many as 70 of certain use value in the whole world at present, and is got over
It is more widely applied, in hydrologic forecast and analysis mode role is also more and more important.In flood control and disaster reduction, stream
Domain hydrological model is the core of Real-time Flood Forecasting, is the key technology for improving Precision of Flood Forecast and increasing leading time.In water
In resources, Watershed Hydrologic Models are water resources assessment, exploitation, utilization and the technical know-how of management basis.In water
During environmental protection and aquatic ecosystem are repaired, Watershed Hydrologic Models are the key that structure pollution of area source model and ecological evaluation model
Driving.In addition, Watershed Hydrologic Models are still analyzed and researched climate change and mankind's activity to flood, soil erosion, water resource and
The important tool of water environmental impact.
Watershed Hydrologic Models are the most important research application fields of modern hydrology, by evolving development for many years, in conjunction with
Constantly bringing forth new ideas for spatial geographic information technology and computer technology, gradually develops from empirical model, conceptual lumped model
To the hydrological distribution model based on physical basis.The development of empirical model is concentrated mainly on 19 th century laters to 20th century 50 years
Between instead of, representative model includes rainfall runoff correlation graph model, equivalent water level (or flow) model, unit line model etc.；From
The 1950s, conceptual lumped model rapidly develop, U.S. Stamford model (1966), Sacramento model
The Xinanjiang model that (1971), Japan's TANK models (nineteen fifty-one) and East China water conservancy institute (being now Hohai University) propose
(developing within 1973, deliver within 1980)；In the 1990s, computer technology, GIS, remote sensing technology and Radar Technology it is rapid
Development provides technical foundation for the development and application of Watershed Distributed Hydrological model.
However, existing Watershed Hydrologic Models structure and calculation have following limitation：
1) when Confluence Model is produced in selection, since existing hydrological model often exists in a singular fashion, can not meet simultaneously
The hydrology under Different climate and land surface condition calculates demand；
2) during model buildings, since the process is related between multiple softwares (such as ArcGIS, Excel) and software
Therefore data transfer between model and processing when a completely new basin carries out model buildings, suffer from outside these
The restriction of tool factor, the versatility of model, the correctness of data cannot be effectively ensured；
3) during model buildings, the production Confluence Model on each computing unit in same basin can only uniformly be set
It sets, user is difficult the actual needs according to simulation, and freely arranging in pairs or groups and combining for production Confluence Model is carried out to each computing unit；
4) the step of model buildings process intermediate steps are more, different models is different, lacks ripe perfect intelligence
Bootstrap technique scheme is easy to influence reasonability, the accuracy of model buildings.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is in view of the deficienciess of the prior art, propose it is a kind of it is versatile, can flexible configuration it is each
The hydrological model based on scene driving of production Confluence Model on computing unit freely sets up strategy process.
A kind of hydrological model based on scene driving proposed by the present invention freely sets up strategy process, includes the following steps：
1) collect and arrange target basin basic data needed for hydrological simulation process, and according to hydrological characteristics,
Shape feature, topological structure, soil characteristic are pre-processed, and figure layer data, topological structure and the hydrometeorology in target basin are formed
(flow, water level, rainfall, evaporation etc.) data；
2) determine that the Runoff Model, slope concentration model and concentration of channel model in target basin, wherein Runoff Model are optional
Select the conceptual lump hydrological model in basin or Watershed Distributed Hydrological model；
3) according to the hydrometeorological data decimation representativeness peb process in target basin, formed flood take passages calibration data and
Flood takes passages verify data；
4) the figure layer data in target basin, topological structure and flood extracts calibration data are input to Runoff Model, slope surface
Confluence Model and concentration of channel model carry out parameter calibration；
5) verification number is taken passages to the flood of Runoff Model, slope concentration model and the concentration of channel model by parameter calibration
It according to being verified, is verified, enters step 6), verification does not pass through then return to step 2)；
6) by the upstream boundary flow in target basin, rainfall data, evaporation data, the input of river cross-section data by verification
Runoff Model, slope concentration model, concentration of channel model, successively carry out Runoff calculation, slope concentration calculate, concentration of channel meter
It calculates, until calculation obtains target basin discharge process to target section.
Preferably, the conceptual lump hydrological model in basin includes being suitable for moistening the new of Semi-humid area in the step 2)
Pacify river model and NAM models, the tank model for being suitable for arid area, the API models suitable for all basins；Basin is distributed
Hydrological model includes distributed Xinanjiang model, distributed water box model, distribution NAM models, is established not according to provincial characteristics
With the model under land surface condition.
Preferably, target basin is divided into several sub-basins in the step 1), each sub-basin is divided in step 2)
It Que Ding not Runoff Model, slope concentration model and concentration of channel model.Production Confluence Model configuration is existed in a manner of freely arranging in pairs or groups
On sub-basin computing unit, while concentration of channel model being configured on simulating riverway, to realize that the production of sub-basin computing unit converges
The independent assortment of flow model.
Preferably, when calculating target stream domain discharge process in the step 6) based on the topological relation of each sub-basin,
It is calculated successively according to the principle for being from upstream to downstream.
Preferably, the figure layer data in the step 1) include：River, sub-basin, precipitation station, hydrometric station, weight.
Preferably, the slope concentration model includes：Unit line model, computational model when stagnant.The concentration of channel model
Including：One-dimensional hydrodynamic model, Muskingum model.Slope concentration model provide it is stagnant when model be the hydrology mould generally changed
Type, parameter is less, is suitable for any basin.Unit line model then belongs to the model of experience property, in the basin of abundant information, has
Preferable application effect.Concentration of channel model then provides Muskingum model and one-dimensional hydrodynamic model, Muskingum
Model is the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model of simplification, and only need to input upper boundary conditions can be completed calculating；And one-dimensional hydrodynamic mould
Type then needs complete range survey data, boundary condition and primary condition that could complete to calculate, therefore can improve feelings according to data
Condition completes model selection.
Preferably, it refers to the flood for intercepting target basin play different with hydrometric station is controlled that flood, which is taken passages, in the step 3)
Process.
Preferably, parameter calibration includes automatic calibration and artificial calibration two ways in the step 4), wherein automatic rate
Surely use SCE-UA algorithms, and using crest discharge, peak it is current between, magnanimity as optimization aim, support single optimization aim and combine excellent
Change target both of which, allows the weight that optimization aim is set, in optimization process, with each hydrometric station or reservoir to remittance
Sub-basin is that computing unit carries out parameter calibration；Artificial calibration refers to by manual amendment's parameter.
Preferably, verification refers to taking passages verify data to the production stream mould by parameter calibration with flood in the step 5)
Type, slope concentration model and concentration of channel model carry out sensitivity analysis and error analysis.
The present invention is directed to the various problems during traditional hydrological model is built, it is proposed that versatile, can flexibly arrange in pairs or groups production
The technical solution of Confluence Model has following features：
1) the production Confluence Model unicity problem in conventional model modeling pattern on each computing unit is solved：Hydrological model by
In the difference of internal mechanism, all have some limitations.Such as：Xinanjiang model is only applicable to moistening or Semi-humid area.
But it in practical applications, then needs to provide a variety of model selections such as land surface condition complexity.In conventional model modeling process,
Since model often exists in a singular fashion, the calculating demand under a variety of land surface conditions cannot be met simultaneously, affect model
The adaptability built compares and selects.
2) present invention be integrated with general hydrological model build required software module based on spatial information map datum,
Prototype software and parameter rating of the model tool complete entire model construction with profit in same data and environmental basis.The invention
Avoid the possibility of the work of the periphery such as the arrangement due to data between software, input, processing, output and the human error of generation
Property, improve modeling efficiency.
3) present invention realizes the flexible configuration of production stream, Confluence Model：In traditional modeling process, the production on each computing unit
Stream, Confluence Model can only carry out the unified setting based on a certain model, and utilize user of the present invention can be according to the reality of simulation
It needs, production stream is carried out to each computing unit, Confluence Model is freely arranged in pairs or groups and combined, especially for the calculating list that area is larger
Member can be reflected respectively using the present invention when its rainfall spatial and temporal distributions and underlying surface hydrogeologic condition are there are when larger difference
The production confluence rule in region, improves the accuracy that model calculates.
4) the present invention provides the general intelligently guiding technical solutions of complete set, and user can be instructed to carry out model buildings,
Program major function includes：Data import, model buildings, and flood is taken passages, model calibration, model application.Pass through above functions
It efficiently solves the problems, such as to rely on and builds tool versatility deficiency present in the single model of tradition, while effectively reducing model
Error in build process caused by human factor improves the accuracy and versatility of model buildings.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on the flow charts that the hydrological model that scene drives freely sets up strategy process.
Fig. 2 is Hanjiang River figure in the present embodiment.
Fig. 3 is Hanjiang River Baihe sub-basin Xinanjiang model parameter calibration result.
Fig. 4 is Hanjiang River Baihe sub-basin Outlet Section discharge process proving and comparisom figure
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
The present invention is that a kind of hydrological model driven based on scene freely sets up strategy process, is included the following steps：
1) collect and arrange target basin basic data needed for hydrological simulation process, and according to hydrological characteristics,
Shape feature, topological structure, soil characteristic are pre-processed, and figure layer data, topological structure and the hydrometeorology in target basin are formed
Data (including the data such as flow, water level, section, rainfall, evaporation).Figure layer data include：River, sub-basin, precipitation station, the hydrology
It stands, weight.After the completion of importing, system Automatic sieve selects precipitation station and evaporation station within the scope of water collection basin, polygon with Tyson
Shape method calculates precipitation station and evaporation station weight in each sub-basin unit；Simultaneity factor will parse basin topological structure automatically
With the association attributes of sub-basin, and will parsing and calculate result cache in systems.
2) Runoff Model, slope concentration model and concentration of channel model in target basin are determined.It determines and calculates in map
Section is configured production Confluence Model (can choose a variety of production Confluence Models) in sub-basin computing unit in a manner of freely arranging in pairs or groups
On, while concentration of channel model (can choose a variety of concentration of channel models) being configured on simulating riverway, to realize in terms of sub-basin
Calculate the independent assortment of unit production Confluence Model.
Due to the difference of internal mechanism, there is also larger differences for different hydrological model applicable elements, therefore it provides multiple types
Pattern type is most important suitable for the model (group) of target area for building.The present invention is established suitable for different underlying surface item
Production Confluence Model library under part, Runoff Model include basin lump hydrological model or Watershed Distributed Hydrological model.Basin collection
Total property hydrological model includes the Xinanjiang model and NAM models, the water for being suitable for arid area for being suitable for moistening Semi-humid area
Box model, the API models suitable for all basins；Watershed Distributed Hydrological model includes distributed Xinanjiang model, distribution
Tank model, distribution NAM models.Slope concentration model includes：Unit line model, computational model when stagnant.Concentration of channel model
Including：One-dimensional hydrodynamic model, Muskingum model.Production Confluence Model library is established based on this, will effectively improve model
The accuracy built.
3) according to the flow in target basin, rainfall, evaporation data decimation peb process, flood extracts is carried out, flood is formed
It takes passages calibration data and flood takes passages verify data.Flood extracts refers to interception simulated object and controls hydrometric station (or reservoir) no
With the peb process of play, for model parameter it is automatic preferably with artificial calibration.
4) the figure layer data in target basin, topological structure and flood extracts calibration data are input to Runoff Model, slope surface
Confluence Model and concentration of channel model carry out parameter calibration.
5) verification number is taken passages to the flood of Runoff Model, slope concentration model and the concentration of channel model by parameter calibration
It according to being verified, is verified, enters step 6), verification does not pass through then return to step 2).Parameter calibration is intended to determine a set of mesh
The model parameter within the scope of watershed discretization required precision is marked, includes mainly：Parameter calibration and Verification.Wherein parameter calibration packet
It includes：Automatic calibration and artificial calibration two ways.Automatic calibration uses SCE-UA algorithms surely, and with crest discharge, peak it is current between,
Magnanimity is optimization aim, supports single optimization aim and Combinatorial Optimization target both of which, allows the weight that optimization aim is arranged.It is excellent
During change, parameter calibration is carried out as computing unit to the sub-basin of remittance using each hydrometric station or reservoir.Artificial calibration is fixed
Refer to that a set of relatively reasonable ginseng using trial-and-error method Step wise approximation degree of precision analog result, is determined by manual amendment's parameter
Number.Model parameter verification is intended to determine that the accuracy and applicability of parameter, main flow are：Model using calibration parameters obtained into
Row calculates, and compares with play flood, is evaluated to the accuracy of parameter.
6) by the upstream boundary flow in target basin, rainfall data, evaporation data, the input of river cross-section data by verification
Runoff Model, slope concentration model, concentration of channel model, successively carry out Runoff calculation, slope concentration calculate, concentration of channel meter
It calculates, until calculation obtains target basin discharge process to target section.
Specific embodiment is illustrated by taking Hanjiang River as an example；The Shaanxi Province Hanzhong City Ningqiang County mountains Pan Zhong are risen in Han River,
Shaanxi Province's Hanzhong City, Ankang City are flowed through from West to East, Hubei Shiyan are flowed into Ankang City Baihe County, in Hubei Danjiangkou and Han River
Maximum tributary Danjiang River is converged into Danjiangkou Reservoir, goes out Danjiangkou Reservoir and is folded to the southeast through Xiangfan City of Hubei Province, in Hubei Province
Wuhan City imports the Changjiang river, and overall length has 1577km, 15.9 ten thousand km2 of drainage area altogether.
Strategy process is freely set up using the hydrological model provided by the invention based on scene driving and carries out hydrological simulation, tool
Steps are as follows for body：
1) processing of basin data；Model is with the digital elevation data of Hanjiang River, the hydrology number between 1992~2010 years
According to for foundation, the processing of data is carried out to each precipitation station rainfall and hydrometric station measured discharge process；Believed simultaneously using space
Breath map software the network of waterways and sub-basin topological relation are established to digital altimetric data data prediction, by basin geography information into
Row extraction relevant parameter.
2) types of models is built；Since hydrological model type is more in system, embodiment only selects conceptual lump water
Literary model is described in detail.Building for conceptual lump hydrological model is divided into 4 kinds of models：Xinanjiang model, tank model,
API models, NAM models.Each sub-basin of Hanjiang River is as shown in Fig. 2, the hydrological model applied to each sub-basin of Hanjiang River divides
It is not：
Baihe sub-basin-Xinanjiang model；
Bavin level ground sub-basin-tank model；
Burner zone sub-basin-API models；
Changsha dam sub-basin-Xinanjiang model；
Sweet osmanthus park basin-tank model；
Southern width level ground sub-basin-NAM models；
Blue mud gulf sub-basin-NAM models.
A) the importing of basic data；According to selected model, the basic data needed for corresponding computation model is imported, caching is to being
System, and store to database.Importing data includes mainly：Hanjiang River figure layer data, basin topological structure, 1992~2010 years
Between rainfall evaporate data.After the completion of importing, system Automatic sieve selects precipitation station and evaporation station within the scope of charge for remittance, more with Tyson
Side shape method calculates precipitation station and evaporation station weight in each sub-basin unit；Simultaneity factor will parse basin topology knot automatically
The association attributes of structure and sub-basin, and parsing and the result calculated are cached in systems.
B) the determination of model scheme；Production Confluence Model is configured on sub-basin computing unit in a manner of freely arranging in pairs or groups,
Concentration of channel model is configured on simulating riverway simultaneously；Specific combination is as follows：
Baihe sub-basin：Computational model, concentration of channel model-Muskingum model when slope concentration model-is stagnant；
Bavin level ground sub-basin：Computational model, concentration of channel model-Muskingum model when slope concentration model-is stagnant；
Burner zone sub-basin：Computational model, concentration of channel model-Muskingum model when slope concentration model-is stagnant；
Changsha dam sub-basin：Computational model, concentration of channel model-Muskingum model when slope concentration model-is stagnant；
Sweet osmanthus park basin：Computational model, concentration of channel model-Muskingum model when slope concentration model-is stagnant；
Southern width level ground sub-basin：Computational model, concentration of channel model-Muskingum model when slope concentration model-is stagnant；
Blue mud gulf sub-basin：Computational model, concentration of channel model-Muskingum model when slope concentration model-is stagnant；
C) flood is taken passages；The peb process of the different plays in 8 20, control hydrometric stations of interception, wherein 12 are plucked as flood
The calibration that calibration data are used for model parameter is recorded, 8 are taken passages the verification that verify data is used for model as flood.
D) the calibration of parameter；The beginning and ending time for choosing simulation carries out parameter calibration, by calibration by computing unit of sub-basin
Parameters obtained substitutes into model, compares, is evaluated to the accuracy of parameter, parameter calibration result is with the Baihe with 12 play floods
It is shown for sub-basin, parameter occurrence is as shown in Figure 3；
E) model is verified；After completing parameter calibration, 8 play floods are carried out with the verification of model, verification result graph
Comparison diagram is as shown in Figure 4, the results showed that, 8 floods for verification and measured result fitting degree are high, deterministic coefficient grade
All it is first-class, qualification rate is 90% between peak is current.Foundation《Hydrological Information and Forecasting specification》, precision meets the requirements, can be used for sending out
Cloth is forecast.
3) calculating of model；At the beginning of selection calculates and the end time, boundary flux and rainfall data are inputted, are passed through
It is for statistical analysis to result of calculation after model calculates.
Other unspecified parts are the prior art.Although above-described embodiment is made that the present invention and retouches in detail
State, but it is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments, people can also according to the present embodiment without
Other embodiment is obtained under the premise of creativeness, these embodiments belong to the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of hydrological model based on scene driving freely sets up strategy process, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
1) target basin basic data needed for hydrological simulation process is collected and arranges, and special according to hydrological characteristics, landform
Sign, topological structure, soil characteristic are pre-processed, and figure layer data, topological structure and the hydrometeorological data in target basin are formed；
2) determine that the Runoff Model, slope concentration model and concentration of channel model in target basin, wherein Runoff Model select basin
Conceptual lump hydrological model or Watershed Distributed Hydrological model；
3) according to the hydrometeorological data decimation peb process in target basin, flood extracts calibration data is formed and flood extracts is tested
Demonstrate,prove data；
4) the figure layer data in target basin, topological structure and flood extracts calibration data are input to Runoff Model, slope concentration
Model and concentration of channel model carry out parameter calibration；
5) to by parameter calibration Runoff Model, slope concentration model and concentration of channel model with flood take passages verify data into
Row verification, is verified, and enters step 6), and verification does not pass through then return to step 2)；
6) production by the upstream boundary flow in target basin, rainfall data, evaporation data, the input of river cross-section data by verification
Flow model, slope concentration model, concentration of channel model carry out Runoff calculation, slope concentration calculating, concentration of channel calculating successively,
Until calculation obtains target basin discharge process to target section.
2. the hydrological model according to claim 1 based on scene driving freely sets up strategy process, it is characterised in that：Institute
It includes the Xinanjiang model and NAM moulds for being suitable for moistening Semi-humid area to state the conceptual lump hydrological model in basin in step 2)
Type, the tank model for being suitable for arid area, the API models suitable for all basins；Watershed Distributed Hydrological model includes point
Cloth Xinanjiang model, distributed water box model, distribution NAM models.
3. the hydrological model according to claim 1 based on scene driving freely sets up strategy process, it is characterised in that：Institute
It states in step 1) and target basin is divided into several sub-basins, Runoff Model, slope are determined respectively to each sub-basin in step 2)
Face Confluence Model and concentration of channel model.
4. the hydrological model according to claim 3 based on scene driving freely sets up strategy process, it is characterised in that：Institute
It states when calculating target stream domain discharge process in step 6) based on the topological relation of each sub-basin, foundation is from upstream to downstream
Principle calculates successively.
5. the hydrological model according to claim 1 based on scene driving freely sets up strategy process, it is characterised in that：Institute
The figure layer data stated in step 1) include：River, sub-basin, precipitation station, hydrometric station, weight.
6. the hydrological model according to claim 1 based on scene driving freely sets up strategy process, it is characterised in that：Institute
Stating slope concentration model includes：Unit line model, computational model when stagnant.
7. the hydrological model according to claim 1 based on scene driving freely sets up strategy process, it is characterised in that：Institute
Stating concentration of channel model includes：One-dimensional hydrodynamic model, Muskingum model.
8. the hydrological model according to claim 1 based on scene driving freely sets up strategy process, it is characterised in that：Institute
It refers to the peb process for intercepting target basin play different with hydrometric station is controlled to state flood in step 3) and take passages.
9. the hydrological model according to claim 1 based on scene driving freely sets up strategy process, it is characterised in that：Institute
It includes automatic calibration and artificial calibration two ways to state parameter calibration in step 4), wherein automatic calibration uses SCEUA algorithms, and
Using crest discharge, peak it is current between, magnanimity as optimization aim, support single optimization aim and Combinatorial Optimization target both of which, allow
The weight of optimization aim is set, in optimization process, using each hydrometric station or reservoir to the sub-basin of remittance as computing unit into
Row parameter calibration；Artificial calibration refers to by artificially changing parameter.
10. the hydrological model according to claim 1 based on scene driving freely sets up strategy process, it is characterised in that：
In the step 5) verification refer to flood take passages verify data to by the Runoff Model of parameter calibration, slope concentration model and
Concentration of channel model carries out sensitivity analysis and error analysis.
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| CN111027175A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-04-17 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Method for evaluating social and economic influences of flood based on coupling model integrated simulation |
| CN113723024A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-30 | 浙江大学 | Method for simulating 'stream' -river channel '-river mouth' distributed flood process suitable for coastal areas |
| CN113742910A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-12-03 | 北京七兆科技有限公司 | Reservoir water inflow early warning and forecasting method and system based on flood forecasting of medium and small watershed |
| CN114219252A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-03-22 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Basin unit line analysis method based on SCE-UA algorithm |
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